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Text -- Ephesians 6:13-24 (NET)

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Context
6:13 For this reason, take up the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand your ground on the evil day, and having done everything, to stand. 6:14 Stand firm therefore, by fastening the belt of truth around your waist, by putting on the breastplate of righteousness, 6:15 by fitting your feet with the preparation that comes from the good news of peace, 6:16 and in all of this, by taking up the shield of faith with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 6:17 And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. 6:18 With every prayer and petition, pray at all times in the Spirit, and to this end be alert, with all perseverance and requests for all the saints. 6:19 Pray for me also, that I may be given the message when I begin to speak– that I may confidently make known the mystery of the gospel, 6:20 for which I am an ambassador in chains. Pray that I may be able to speak boldly as I ought to speak.
Farewell Comments
6:21 Tychicus, my dear brother and faithful servant in the Lord, will make everything known to you, so that you too may know about my circumstances, how I am doing. 6:22 I have sent him to you for this very purpose, that you may know our circumstances and that he may encourage your hearts. 6:23 Peace to the brothers and sisters, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 6:24 Grace be with all of those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with an undying love.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Tychicus a man who was a fellow worker with Paul


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Zeal | War | TRINITY, 1 | Sword | Soldiers | SHIELD | ROME | Luke, Gospel according to | Firebrand | Ephesians, Epistle to | EPHESIANS, EPISTLE TO THE | Commandments | Chain | Bless | BIBLE, THE, I-III INTRODUCTION | Armour | Armor | ARMOR; ARMS | AMBASSADOR | ALLEGORY | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , PBC , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Combined Bible , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Eph 6:13 - -- Take up ( analabete ). Second aorist active imperative of analambanō , old word and used (analabōn ) of "picking up"Mark in 2Ti 4:11.

Take up ( analabete ).

Second aorist active imperative of analambanō , old word and used (analabōn ) of "picking up"Mark in 2Ti 4:11.

Robertson: Eph 6:13 - -- That ye may be able to withstand ( hina dunēthēte antistēnai ). Final clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of dunamai with...

That ye may be able to withstand ( hina dunēthēte antistēnai ).

Final clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of dunamai with antistēnai (second aorist active infinitive of anthistēmi , to stand face to face, against).

Robertson: Eph 6:13 - -- And having done all to stand ( kai hapanta katergasa menoi stēnai ). After the fight (wrestle) is over to stand (stēnai ) as victor in the conte...

And having done all to stand ( kai hapanta katergasa menoi stēnai ).

After the fight (wrestle) is over to stand (stēnai ) as victor in the contest. Effective aorist here.

Robertson: Eph 6:14 - -- Stand therefore ( stēte oun ). Second aorist active imperative of histēmi (intransitive like the others). Ingressive aorist here, "Take your st...

Stand therefore ( stēte oun ).

Second aorist active imperative of histēmi (intransitive like the others). Ingressive aorist here, "Take your stand therefore"(in view of the arguments made).

Robertson: Eph 6:14 - -- Having girded your loins with truth ( perizōsamenoi tēn osphun humōn en alētheiāi ). First aorist middle participle (antecedent action) of ...

Having girded your loins with truth ( perizōsamenoi tēn osphun humōn en alētheiāi ).

First aorist middle participle (antecedent action) of perizōnnuō , old verb, to gird around, direct middle (gird yourselves) in Luk 12:37; but indirect here with accusative of the thing, "having girded your own loins."So endusamenoi (having put on) is indirect middle participle.

Robertson: Eph 6:14 - -- The breast-plate of righteousness ( ton thōraka tēs dikaiosunēs ). Old word for breast and then for breastplate. Same metaphor of righteousness...

The breast-plate of righteousness ( ton thōraka tēs dikaiosunēs ).

Old word for breast and then for breastplate. Same metaphor of righteousness as breastplate in 1Th 5:8.

Robertson: Eph 6:15 - -- Having shod ( hupodēsamenoi ). "Having bound under"(sandals). First aorist middle participle of hupodeō , old word, to bind under (Mar 6:9; Act 1...

Having shod ( hupodēsamenoi ).

"Having bound under"(sandals). First aorist middle participle of hupodeō , old word, to bind under (Mar 6:9; Act 12:8, only other N.T. example).

Robertson: Eph 6:15 - -- With the preparation ( en hetoimasiāi ). Late word from hetoimazō , to make ready, only here in N.T. Readiness of mind that comes from the gospel...

With the preparation ( en hetoimasiāi ).

Late word from hetoimazō , to make ready, only here in N.T. Readiness of mind that comes from the gospel whose message is peace.

Robertson: Eph 6:16 - -- Taking up ( analabontes ). See Eph 6:13.

Taking up ( analabontes ).

See Eph 6:13.

Robertson: Eph 6:16 - -- The shield of faith ( ton thureon tēs pisteōs ). Late word in this sense a large stone against the door in Homer, from thura , door, large and ob...

The shield of faith ( ton thureon tēs pisteōs ).

Late word in this sense a large stone against the door in Homer, from thura , door, large and oblong (Latin scutum ), aspis being smaller and circular, only here in N.T.

Robertson: Eph 6:16 - -- To quench ( sbesai ). First aorist active infinitive of sbennumi , old word, to extinguish (Mat 12:20).

To quench ( sbesai ).

First aorist active infinitive of sbennumi , old word, to extinguish (Mat 12:20).

Robertson: Eph 6:16 - -- All the fiery darts ( panta ta belē ta pepurōmena ). Belos is an old word for missile, dart (from ballō , to throw), only here in N.T. Pepuro...

All the fiery darts ( panta ta belē ta pepurōmena ).

Belos is an old word for missile, dart (from ballō , to throw), only here in N.T. Pepurōmena is perfect passive participle of puroō , old verb, to set on fire, from pur (fire). These darts were sometimes ablaze in order to set fire to the enemies’ clothing or camp or homes just as the American Indians used to shoot poisoned arrows.

Robertson: Eph 6:17 - -- The helmet of salvation ( tēn perikephalaian tou sōtēriou ). Late word (peri , kephalē , head, around the head), in Polybius, lxx, 1Th 5:8; ...

The helmet of salvation ( tēn perikephalaian tou sōtēriou ).

Late word (peri , kephalē , head, around the head), in Polybius, lxx, 1Th 5:8; Eph 6:17 alone in N.T.

Robertson: Eph 6:17 - -- Which is the word of God ( ho estin to rēma tou theou ). Explanatory relative (ho ) referring to the sword (machairan ). The sword given by the S...

Which is the word of God ( ho estin to rēma tou theou ).

Explanatory relative (ho ) referring to the sword (machairan ). The sword given by the Spirit to be wielded as offensive weapon (the others defensive) by the Christian is the word of God. See note on Heb 4:12 where the word of God is called "sharper than any two-edged sword."

Robertson: Eph 6:18 - -- At all seasons ( en panti kairōi ). "On every occasion."Prayer is needed in this fight. The panoply of God is necessary, but so is prayer.

At all seasons ( en panti kairōi ).

"On every occasion."Prayer is needed in this fight. The panoply of God is necessary, but so is prayer.

Robertson: Eph 6:18 - -- @@"Satan trembles when he sees, The weakest saint upon his knees."

@@"Satan trembles when he sees, The weakest saint upon his knees."

Robertson: Eph 6:19 - -- That utterance may be given unto me ( hina moi dothēi logos ). Final clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of didōmi , to give....

That utterance may be given unto me ( hina moi dothēi logos ).

Final clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of didōmi , to give. See a like request in Col 4:3. Paul wishes their prayer for courage for himself.

Robertson: Eph 6:20 - -- For which I am an ambassador in chains ( huper hou presbeuō en halusei ). "For which mystery"of the gospel (Eph 6:19). Presbeuō is an old word ...

For which I am an ambassador in chains ( huper hou presbeuō en halusei ).

"For which mystery"of the gospel (Eph 6:19). Presbeuō is an old word for ambassador (from presbus , an old man) in N.T. only here and 2Co 5:20. Paul is now an old man (presbutēs , Phm 1:9) and feels the dignity of his position as Christ’ s ambassador though "in a chain"(en halusei , old word halusis , from a privative and luō , to loosen). Paul will wear a chain at the close of his life in Rome (2Ti 1:16).

Robertson: Eph 6:20 - -- In it ( en autōi ). In the mystery of the gospel. This is probably a second purpose (hina ), the first for utterance (hina dothēi ), this for b...

In it ( en autōi ).

In the mystery of the gospel. This is probably a second purpose (hina ), the first for utterance (hina dothēi ), this for boldness (hina parrēsiasōmai , first aorist middle subjunctive, old word to speak out boldly). See note on 1Th 2:2. See note on Col 4:4 for "as I ought."

Robertson: Eph 6:21 - -- That ye also may know ( hina eidēte kai humeis ). Final clause with hina and second perfect subjunctive active of oida . For Tychicus, see note o...

That ye also may know ( hina eidēte kai humeis ).

Final clause with hina and second perfect subjunctive active of oida . For Tychicus, see note on Col 4:7.

Robertson: Eph 6:22 - -- That ye may know ( hina gnōte ). Second aorist active subjunctive of ginōskō . Just as in Col 4:8 he had not written hina eidēte in Eph 6:2...

That ye may know ( hina gnōte ).

Second aorist active subjunctive of ginōskō . Just as in Col 4:8 he had not written hina eidēte in Eph 6:21.

Robertson: Eph 6:22 - -- Our state ( ta peri hēmōn ). "The things concerning us,"practically the same as ta kat' eme of Eph 6:21. See both phrases in Col 4:7, Col 4:8.

Our state ( ta peri hēmōn ).

"The things concerning us,"practically the same as ta kat' eme of Eph 6:21. See both phrases in Col 4:7, Col 4:8.

Robertson: Eph 6:23 - -- Love and faith ( agapē meta pisteōs ). Love of the brotherhood accompanied by faith in Christ and as an expression of it.

Love and faith ( agapē meta pisteōs ).

Love of the brotherhood accompanied by faith in Christ and as an expression of it.

Robertson: Eph 6:24 - -- In uncorruptness ( en aphtharsiāi ). A never diminishing love. See note on 1Co 15:42 for aphtharsia .||

In uncorruptness ( en aphtharsiāi ).

A never diminishing love. See note on 1Co 15:42 for aphtharsia .||

Vincent: Eph 6:13 - -- Wherefore Because the fight is with such powers.

Wherefore

Because the fight is with such powers.

Vincent: Eph 6:13 - -- Take unto you ( ἀναλάβετε ) Lit., take up , as one takes up armor to put it on. So Rev.

Take unto you ( ἀναλάβετε )

Lit., take up , as one takes up armor to put it on. So Rev.

Vincent: Eph 6:13 - -- The whole armor An interesting parallel passage, evidently founded upon this, occurs in Ignatius' Epistle to Polycarp, 6. " Please the captain un...

The whole armor

An interesting parallel passage, evidently founded upon this, occurs in Ignatius' Epistle to Polycarp, 6. " Please the captain under whom ye serve, from whom also ye shall receive your wages. Let no one of you be found a deserter. Let your baptism abide as your shield; your faith as your helmets; your love as your spear; your patience as your whole armor. Let your good works be your savings (τὰ δεπόσιτα deposita ), that you may receive what is justly to your credit." Gibbon relates how the relaxation of discipline and the disuse of exercise rendered the soldiers less willing and less able to support the fatigues of the service. They complained of the weight of their armor, and successively obtained permission to lay aside their cuirasses and helmets (ch. 27).

Vincent: Eph 6:13 - -- Withstand With has the sense of against , as appears in the older English withsay , to contradict ; Anglo-Saxon, widstandan , to resis...

Withstand

With has the sense of against , as appears in the older English withsay , to contradict ; Anglo-Saxon, widstandan , to resist . Compare German, wider and Widerstand , resistance .

Vincent: Eph 6:13 - -- Having done all Everything which the crisis demands.

Having done all

Everything which the crisis demands.

Vincent: Eph 6:14 - -- Having your loins girt about ( περιζωσάμενοι τὴν ὀσφὺν ) The verb is middle, not passive. Rev., correctly, having ...

Having your loins girt about ( περιζωσάμενοι τὴν ὀσφὺν )

The verb is middle, not passive. Rev., correctly, having girded . Compare Isa 11:5. The principal terms in this description of the christian armor are taken from the Septuagint of Isaiah.

Vincent: Eph 6:14 - -- Truth ( ἀληθείᾳ ) The state of the heart answering to God's truth; inward, practical acknowledgment of the truth as it is in Him: th...

Truth ( ἀληθείᾳ )

The state of the heart answering to God's truth; inward, practical acknowledgment of the truth as it is in Him: the agreement of our convictions with God's revelation.

The loins encircled by the girdle form the central point of the physical system. Hence, in Scripture, the loins are described as the seat of power. " To smite through the loins" is to strike a fatal blow. " To lay affliction upon the loins" is to afflict heavily. Here was the point of junction for the main pieces of the body-armor, so that the girdle formed the common bond of the whole. Truth gives unity to the different virtues, and determinateness and consistency to character. All the virtues are exercised within the sphere of truth.

Vincent: Eph 6:14 - -- Breastplate of righteousness ( θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης ) Compare Isa 59:17. Righteousness is used here in the sense of...

Breastplate of righteousness ( θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης )

Compare Isa 59:17. Righteousness is used here in the sense of moral rectitude . In 1Th 5:8, the breastplate is described as of faith and love . Homer speaks of light-armed warriors armed with linen corsets; and these were worn to much later times by Asiatic soldiers, and were occasionally adopted by the Romans. Thus Suetonius says of Galba, that on the day on which he was slain by Otho's soldiers, he put on a linen corset, though aware that it would avail little against the enemy's daggers (" Galba," 19). Horn was used for this purpose by some of the barbarous nations. It was cut into small pieces, which were fastened like scales upon linen shirts. Later, the corset of metal scales fastened upon leather or linen, or of flexible bands of steel folding over each other, was introduced. They appear on Roman monuments of the times of the emperors. The Roman spearmen wore cuirasses of chain-mail. Virgil mentions those in which the linked rings were of gold (" Aeneid," iii., 467). The stiff cuirass called στάδιος standing upright , because, when placed upon its lower edge it stood erect, consisted of two parts: the breastplate, made of hard leather, bronze, or iron, and a corresponding plate covering the back. They were connected by leathern straps or metal bands passing over the shoulders and fastened in front, and by hinges on the right side.

The breastplate covers the vital parts, as the heart.

Vincent: Eph 6:15 - -- Preparation ( ἑτοιμασίᾳ ) Only here in the New Testament. The Roman soldier substituted for the greaves of the Greek (metal plat...

Preparation ( ἑτοιμασίᾳ )

Only here in the New Testament. The Roman soldier substituted for the greaves of the Greek (metal plates covering the lower part of the leg) the caligae or sandals , bound by thongs over the instep and round the ankle, and having the soles thickly studded with nails. They were not worn by the superior officers, so that the common soldiers were distinguished as caligati . Ἑτοιμασία means readiness ; but in Hellenistic Greek it was sometimes used in the sense of establishment or firm foundation , which would suit this passage: firm-footing . Compare Isa 52:7.

Vincent: Eph 6:16 - -- Above all ( ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ) Ambiguous. It may mean over all, or in addition to all . The latter is correct. Rev., withal .

Above all ( ἐπὶ πᾶσιν )

Ambiguous. It may mean over all, or in addition to all . The latter is correct. Rev., withal .

Vincent: Eph 6:16 - -- The shield of faith ( τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως ) Θυρεόν shield , is from θύρα door , because shaped like...

The shield of faith ( τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως )

Θυρεόν shield , is from θύρα door , because shaped like a door. Homer uses the word for that which is placed in front of the doorway . Thus of the stone placed by Polyphemus in front of his cave (" Odyssey," ix., 240). The shield here described is that of the heavy infantry; a large, oblong shield, four by two and a half feet, and sometimes curved on the inner side. Sculptured representations may be seen on Trajan's column. Compare " Compass him as with a shield," Psa 5:12. It was made of wood or of wicker-work, and held on the left arm by means of a handle. Xenophon describes troops, supposed to be Egyptians, with wooden shields reaching to their feet (" Anabasis," i., 8, 9). Saving faith is meant.

Vincent: Eph 6:16 - -- Fiery darts ( τὰ βέλη τὰ πεπυρωμένα ) Lit., the darts , those which have been set on fire . Herodotas s...

Fiery darts ( τὰ βέλη τὰ πεπυρωμένα )

Lit., the darts , those which have been set on fire . Herodotas says that the Persians attacked the citadel of Athens " with arrows whereto pieces of lighted tow were attached, which they shot at the barricade" (viii., 52). Thucydides: " the Plataeans constructed a wooden frame, which they set up on the top of their own wall opposite the mound.... They also hung curtains of skills and hides in front: these were designed to protect the woodwork and the workers, and shield them against blazing arrows" (ii. 75). Livy tells of a huge dart used at the siege of Saguntum, which was impelled by twisted ropes. " There was used by the Saguntines a missile weapon called falarica , with the shaft of fir, and round in other parts, except toward the point, whence the iron projected. This part, which was square, they bound around with tow and besmeared with pitch. It had an iron head three feet in length, so that it could pierce through the body with the armor. But what caused the greatest fear was that this weapon, even though it stuck in the shield and did not penetrate into the body, when it was discharged with the middle part on fire, and bore along a much greater flame produced by the mere motion, obliged the armor to be thrown down, and exposed the soldier to succeeding blows" (xxi. 8). Again, of the siege of Ambracia by the Romans: " Some advanced with burning torches, others carrying tow and pitch and fire-darts, their entire line being illuminated by the blaze" (xxxviii. 6). Compare Psa 7:13, where the correct rendering is, " His arrows He maketh fiery arrows." Temptation is thus represented as impelled from a distance. Satan attacks by indirection - through good things from which no evil is suspected. There is a hint of its propagating power: one sin draws another in its track: the flame of the fire-tipped dart spreads. Temptation acts on susceptible material. Self-confidence is combustible. Faith, in doing away with dependence on self, takes away fuel for the dart. It creates sensitiveness to holy influences by which the power of temptation is neutralized. It enlists the direct aid of God. See 1Co 10:13; Luk 22:32; Jam 1:2; 1Pe 4:12; 2Pe 2:9.

Vincent: Eph 6:17 - -- Take the helmet of salvation ( τὴν περικεφαλαίαν τοῦ σωτηρίου δέξασθε ) Compare Isa 59:17; 1Th 5:8. ...

Take the helmet of salvation ( τὴν περικεφαλαίαν τοῦ σωτηρίου δέξασθε )

Compare Isa 59:17; 1Th 5:8. Take is a different word from that used in Eph 6:13, Eph 6:16. It is receive as from God. The meaning is the helmet which is salvation . The protection for the head . The helmet was originally of skin, strengthened with bronze or other metal, and surmounted with a figure adorned with a horsehair crest. It was furnished with a visor to protect the face.

Vincent: Eph 6:17 - -- Sword of the Spirit ( μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος ) See on Rev 6:4. The word of God serves both for attack and to parry the ...

Sword of the Spirit ( μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος )

See on Rev 6:4. The word of God serves both for attack and to parry the thrusts of the enemy. Thus Christ used it in His temptation. It is the sword of the Spirit , because the Spirit of God gives it and inspires it. The Spirit's aid is needed for its interpretation. Compare Joh 14:10; Heb 4:12, in which latter passage the image is sacrificial.

Vincent: Eph 6:17 - -- Word of God ( ῥῆμα θεοῦ ) See on Luk 1:37. See Luk 3:2; Luk 4:4; Rom 10:17; Heb 6:5; Heb 11:3.

Word of God ( ῥῆμα θεοῦ )

See on Luk 1:37. See Luk 3:2; Luk 4:4; Rom 10:17; Heb 6:5; Heb 11:3.

Vincent: Eph 6:18 - -- Always ( ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ) Incorrect. It means on every occasion . Rev., at all seasons . Compare Luk 21:36.

Always ( ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ )

Incorrect. It means on every occasion . Rev., at all seasons . Compare Luk 21:36.

Vincent: Eph 6:18 - -- With all prayer and supplication ( διὰ πάσης προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως ) Prayer is general, supplication spe...

With all prayer and supplication ( διὰ πάσης προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως )

Prayer is general, supplication special. Διά with is literally through ; that is, through the medium of . All , lit., every . Prayer is of various kinds, formal, silent, vocal, secret, public, petitionary, ejaculatory - shot upward like a dart ( jaculum ) on a sudden emergency. Compare Psa 5:1, Psa 5:2.

Vincent: Eph 6:18 - -- Watching thereunto ( εἰς αὐτὸ ἀγρυπνοῦντες ) Compare Col 4:2. For watching , see on Mar 13:33, Mar 13:35. Thereunt...

Watching thereunto ( εἰς αὐτὸ ἀγρυπνοῦντες )

Compare Col 4:2. For watching , see on Mar 13:33, Mar 13:35. Thereunto , unto prayer, for occasions of prayer, and to maintain the spirit of prayer. One must watch before prayer, in prayer, after prayer.

Vincent: Eph 6:18 - -- Perseverance ( προσκαρτερήσει ) Only here. The kindred verb προσκαρτερέω to continue , occurs often. See on Act ...

Perseverance ( προσκαρτερήσει )

Only here. The kindred verb προσκαρτερέω to continue , occurs often. See on Act 1:14.

Vincent: Eph 6:19 - -- Boldly Connect with to make known , as Rev.; not with open my mouth , as A.V.

Boldly

Connect with to make known , as Rev.; not with open my mouth , as A.V.

Vincent: Eph 6:19 - -- Mystery See on Rom 11:25; see on Col 1:26.

Mystery

See on Rom 11:25; see on Col 1:26.

Vincent: Eph 6:20 - -- I am an ambassador in bonds ( πρεσβεύω ἐν ἁλύσει ) The verb to be an ambassador occurs only here and 2Co 5:20. Se...

I am an ambassador in bonds ( πρεσβεύω ἐν ἁλύσει )

The verb to be an ambassador occurs only here and 2Co 5:20. See on Phm 1:9. In bonds , lit., in a chain : the particular word for the coupling-chain by which he was bound to the hand of his guard.

Vincent: Eph 6:21 - -- That ye also may know, etc. Compare Cicero to Atticus: " Send us some letter-carrier, that both you may know how it goes with us, and that we may...

That ye also may know, etc.

Compare Cicero to Atticus: " Send us some letter-carrier, that both you may know how it goes with us, and that we may know how you fare and what you are going to do" (v., 18).

Vincent: Eph 6:21 - -- Tychicus See on Col 4:7.

Tychicus

See on Col 4:7.

Vincent: Eph 6:21 - -- A beloved brother Rev., correctly, the beloved brother. Tychicus is referred to as well known.

A beloved brother

Rev., correctly, the beloved brother. Tychicus is referred to as well known.

Vincent: Eph 6:24 - -- In sincerity ( ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ ) Rev., correctly, in incorruptness : who love Christ with an imperishable and incorruptible love...

In sincerity ( ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ )

Rev., correctly, in incorruptness : who love Christ with an imperishable and incorruptible love.

Wesley: Eph 6:13 - -- The war is perpetual; but the fight is one day less, another more, violent. The evil day is either at the approach of death, or in life; may be longer...

The war is perpetual; but the fight is one day less, another more, violent. The evil day is either at the approach of death, or in life; may be longer or shorter and admits of numberless varieties. And having done all, to stand - That ye may still keep on your armour, still stand upon your guard, still watch and pray; and thus ye will be enabled to endure unto the end, and stand with joy before the face of the Son of Man.

Wesley: Eph 6:14 - -- That ye may be ready for every motion.

That ye may be ready for every motion.

Wesley: Eph 6:14 - -- Not only with the truths of the gospel, but with "truth in the inward parts;" for without this all our knowledge of divine truth will prove but a poor...

Not only with the truths of the gospel, but with "truth in the inward parts;" for without this all our knowledge of divine truth will prove but a poor girdle "in the evil day." So our Lord is described, Isa 11:5. And as a girded man is always ready to go on, so this seems to intimate an obedient heart, a ready will. Our Lord adds to the loins girded, the lights burning, Luk 12:35; showing that watching and ready obedience are the inseparable companions of faith and love.

Wesley: Eph 6:14 - -- The righteousness of a spotless purity, in which Christ will present us faultless before God, through the merit of his own blood. With this breastplat...

The righteousness of a spotless purity, in which Christ will present us faultless before God, through the merit of his own blood. With this breastplate our Lord is described, Isa 59:17. In the breast is the seat of conscience, which is guarded by righteousness. No armour for the back is mentioned. We are always to face our enemies.

Wesley: Eph 6:15 - -- Let this be always ready to direct and confirm you in every step. This part of the armour, for the feet, is needful, considering what a journey we hav...

Let this be always ready to direct and confirm you in every step. This part of the armour, for the feet, is needful, considering what a journey we have to go; what a race to run. Our feet must be so shod, that our footsteps slip not. To order our life and conversation aright, we are prepared by the gospel blessing, the peace and love of God ruling in the heart, Col 3:14-15. By this only can we tread the rough ways, surmount our difficulties, and hold out to the end.

Wesley: Eph 6:16 - -- As a sort of universal covering to every other part of the armour itself, continually exercise a strong and lively faith. This you may use as a shield...

As a sort of universal covering to every other part of the armour itself, continually exercise a strong and lively faith. This you may use as a shield, which will quench all the fiery darts, the furious temptations, violent and sudden injections of the devil.

Wesley: Eph 6:17 - -- 1Th 5:8. The head is that part which is most carefully to be defended. One stroke here may prove fatal. The armour for this is the hope of salvation. ...

1Th 5:8. The head is that part which is most carefully to be defended. One stroke here may prove fatal. The armour for this is the hope of salvation. The lowest degree of this hope is a confidence that God will work the whole work of faith in us; the highest is a full assurance of future glory, added to the experimental knowledge of pardoning love. Armed with this helmet, the hope of the joy set before him, Christ "endured the cross, and despised the shame," Heb 12:2. And the sword of the Spirit, the word of God - This Satan cannot withstand, when it is edged and wielded by faith. Till now our armour has been only defensive. But we are to attack Satan, as well as secure ourselves; the shield in one hand, and the sword in the other. Whoever fights with the powers of hell will need both. He that is covered with armour from head to foot, and neglects this, will be foiled after all. This whole description shows us how great a thing it is to be a Christian. The want of any one thing makes him incomplete. Though he has his loins girt with truth, righteousness for a breastplate, his feet shod with the preparation of the gospel, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit; yet one thing he wants after all. What is that? It follows,

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- At all times, and on every occasion, in midst of all employments, inwardly praying without ceasing.

At all times, and on every occasion, in midst of all employments, inwardly praying without ceasing.

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- Through the influence of the Holy Spirit.

Through the influence of the Holy Spirit.

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- With all sort of prayer, public, private, mental, vocal. Some are careful in respect of one kind of prayer, and negligent in others. If we would have ...

With all sort of prayer, public, private, mental, vocal. Some are careful in respect of one kind of prayer, and negligent in others. If we would have the petitions we ask, let us use all. Some there are who use only mental prayer or ejaculations, and think they are in a state of grace, and use a way of worship, far superior to any other: but such only fancy themselves to be above what is really above them; it requiring far more grace to be enabled to pour out a fervent and continued prayer, than to offer up mental aspirations.

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- Repeating and urging our prayer, as Christ did in the garden.

Repeating and urging our prayer, as Christ did in the garden.

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- Inwardly attending on God, to know his will, to gain power to do it, and to attain to the blessings we desire.

Inwardly attending on God, to know his will, to gain power to do it, and to attain to the blessings we desire.

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- Continuing to the end in this holy exercise.

Continuing to the end in this holy exercise.

Wesley: Eph 6:18 - -- Wrestling in fervent, continued intercession for others, especially for the faithful, that they may do all the will of God, and be steadfast to the en...

Wrestling in fervent, continued intercession for others, especially for the faithful, that they may do all the will of God, and be steadfast to the end. Perhaps we receive few answers to prayer, because we do not intercede enough for others.

Wesley: Eph 6:19 - -- Removing every inward and every outward hinderance.

Removing every inward and every outward hinderance.

Wesley: Eph 6:20 - -- The ambassadors of men usually appear in great pomp. How differently does the ambassador of Christ appear!

The ambassadors of men usually appear in great pomp. How differently does the ambassador of Christ appear!

Wesley: Eph 6:21 - -- As well as others.

As well as others.

Wesley: Eph 6:22 - -- By relating the supports I find from God, and the success of the gospel.

By relating the supports I find from God, and the success of the gospel.

Wesley: Eph 6:23 - -- This verse recapitulates the whole epistle.

This verse recapitulates the whole epistle.

Wesley: Eph 6:24 - -- Or in incorruption; without corrupting his genuine gospel, without any mixture of corrupt affections. And that with continuance, till grace issue in g...

Or in incorruption; without corrupting his genuine gospel, without any mixture of corrupt affections. And that with continuance, till grace issue in glory.

JFB: Eph 6:13 - -- Not "make," God has done that: you have only to "take up" and put it on. The Ephesians were familiar with the idea of the gods giving armor to mythica...

Not "make," God has done that: you have only to "take up" and put it on. The Ephesians were familiar with the idea of the gods giving armor to mythical heroes: thus Paul's allusion would be appropriate.

JFB: Eph 6:13 - -- The day of Satan's special assaults (Eph 6:12, Eph 6:16) in life and at the dying hour (compare Rev 3:10). We must have our armor always on, to be rea...

The day of Satan's special assaults (Eph 6:12, Eph 6:16) in life and at the dying hour (compare Rev 3:10). We must have our armor always on, to be ready against the evil day which may come at any moment, the war being perpetual (Psa 41:1, Margin).

JFB: Eph 6:13 - -- Rather, "accomplished all things," namely, necessary to the fight, and becoming a good soldier.

Rather, "accomplished all things," namely, necessary to the fight, and becoming a good soldier.

JFB: Eph 6:14 - -- The repetition in Eph 6:11, Eph 6:14, shows that standing, that is, maintaining our ground, not yielding or fleeing, is the grand aim of the Christian...

The repetition in Eph 6:11, Eph 6:14, shows that standing, that is, maintaining our ground, not yielding or fleeing, is the grand aim of the Christian soldier. Translate as Greek, "Having girt about your loins with truth," that is, with truthfulness, sincerity, a good conscience (2Co 1:12; 1Ti 1:5, 1Ti 1:18; 1Ti 3:9). Truth is the band that girds up and keeps together the flowing robes, so as that the Christian soldier may be unencumbered for action. So the Passover was eaten with the loins girt, and the shoes on the feet (Exo 12:11; compare Isa 5:27; Luk 12:35). Faithfulness (Septuagint, "truth") is the girdle of Messiah (Isa 11:5) : so truth of His followers.

JFB: Eph 6:14 - -- Greek, "having put on."

Greek, "having put on."

JFB: Eph 6:14 - -- (Isa 59:17), similarly of Messiah. "Righteousness" is here joined with "truth," as in Eph 5:9 : righteousness in works, truth in words [ESTIUS] (1Jo ...

(Isa 59:17), similarly of Messiah. "Righteousness" is here joined with "truth," as in Eph 5:9 : righteousness in works, truth in words [ESTIUS] (1Jo 3:7). Christ's righteousness inwrought in us by the Spirit. "Faith and love," that is, faith working righteousness by love, are "the breastplate" in 1Th 5:8.

JFB: Eph 6:15 - -- Translate, "Having shod your feet" (referring to the sandals, or to the military shoes then used).

Translate, "Having shod your feet" (referring to the sandals, or to the military shoes then used).

JFB: Eph 6:15 - -- Rather, "the preparedness," or "readiness of," that is, arising from the "Gospel" (Psa 10:17). Preparedness to do and suffer all that God wills; readi...

Rather, "the preparedness," or "readiness of," that is, arising from the "Gospel" (Psa 10:17). Preparedness to do and suffer all that God wills; readiness for march, as a Christian soldier.

JFB: Eph 6:15 - -- (compare Luk 1:79; Rom 10:15). The "peace" within forms a beautiful contrast to the raging of the outward conflict (Isa 26:3; Phi 4:7).

(compare Luk 1:79; Rom 10:15). The "peace" within forms a beautiful contrast to the raging of the outward conflict (Isa 26:3; Phi 4:7).

JFB: Eph 6:16 - -- Rather, "Over all"; so as to cover all that has been put on before. Three integuments are specified, the breastplate, girdle, and shoes; two defenses,...

Rather, "Over all"; so as to cover all that has been put on before. Three integuments are specified, the breastplate, girdle, and shoes; two defenses, the helmet and shield; and two offensive weapons, the sword and the spear (prayer). ALFORD translates, "Besides all," as the Greek is translated, Luk 3:20. But if it meant this, it would have come last in the list (compare Col 3:14).

JFB: Eph 6:16 - -- The large oblong oval door-like shield of the Romans, four feet long by two and a half feet broad; not the small round buckler.

The large oblong oval door-like shield of the Romans, four feet long by two and a half feet broad; not the small round buckler.

JFB: Eph 6:16 - -- Not merely, "ye may." The shield of faith will certainly intercept, and so "quench, all the fiery darts" (an image from the ancient fire-darts, formed...

Not merely, "ye may." The shield of faith will certainly intercept, and so "quench, all the fiery darts" (an image from the ancient fire-darts, formed of cane, with tow and combustibles ignited on the head of the shaft, so as to set fire to woodwork, tents, &c.).

JFB: Eph 6:16 - -- Rather "of the EVIL ONE." Faith conquers him (1Pe 5:9), and his darts of temptation to wrath, lust, revenge, despair, &c. It overcomes the world (1Jo ...

Rather "of the EVIL ONE." Faith conquers him (1Pe 5:9), and his darts of temptation to wrath, lust, revenge, despair, &c. It overcomes the world (1Jo 5:4), and so the prince of the world (1Jo 5:18).

JFB: Eph 6:17 - -- A different Greek word from that in Eph 6:13, Eph 6:16; translate, therefore, "receive," "accept," namely, the helmet offered by the Lord, namely, "sa...

A different Greek word from that in Eph 6:13, Eph 6:16; translate, therefore, "receive," "accept," namely, the helmet offered by the Lord, namely, "salvation" appropriated, as 1Th 5:8, "Helmet, the hope of salvation"; not an uncertain hope, but one that brings with it no shame of disappointment (Rom 5:5). It is subjoined to the shield of faith, as being its inseparable accompaniment (compare Rom 5:1, Rom 5:5). The head of the soldier was among the principal parts to be defended, as on it the deadliest strokes might fall, and it is the head that commands the whole body. The head is the seat of the mind, which, when it has laid hold of the sure Gospel "hope" of eternal life, will not receive false doctrine, or give way to Satan's temptations to despair. God, by this hope, "lifts up the head" (Psa 3:3; Luk 21:28).

JFB: Eph 6:17 - -- That is, furnished by the Spirit, who inspired the writers of the word of God (2Pe 1:21). Again the Trinity is implied: the Spirit here; and Christ in...

That is, furnished by the Spirit, who inspired the writers of the word of God (2Pe 1:21). Again the Trinity is implied: the Spirit here; and Christ in "salvation" and God the Father, Eph 6:13 (compare Heb 4:12; Rev 1:16; Rev 2:12). The two-edged sword, cutting both ways (Psa 45:3, Psa 45:5), striking some with conviction and conversion, and others with condemnation (Isa 11:4; Rev 19:15), is in the mouth of Christ (Isa 49:2), in the hand of His saints (Psa 149:6). Christ's use of this sword in the temptation is our pattern as to how we are to wield it against Satan (Mat 4:4, Mat 4:7, Mat 4:10). There is no armor specified for the back, but only for the front of the body; implying that we must never turn our back to the foe (Luk 9:62); our only safety is in resisting ceaselessly (Mat 4:11; Jam 4:7).

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- Greek, "in every season"; implying opportunity and exigency (Col 4:2). Paul uses the very words of Jesus in Luk 21:36 (a Gospel which he quotes elsewh...

Greek, "in every season"; implying opportunity and exigency (Col 4:2). Paul uses the very words of Jesus in Luk 21:36 (a Gospel which he quotes elsewhere, in undesigned consonance with the fact of Luke being his associate in travel, 1Co 11:23, &c.; 1Ti 5:18). Compare Luk 18:1; Rom 12:12; 1Th 5:17.

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- That is, every kind of.

That is, every kind of.

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- A sacred term for prayer in general.

A sacred term for prayer in general.

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- A common term for a special kind of prayer [HARLESS], an imploring request. "Prayer" for obtaining blessings, "supplication" for averting evils which ...

A common term for a special kind of prayer [HARLESS], an imploring request. "Prayer" for obtaining blessings, "supplication" for averting evils which we fear [GROTIUS].

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- To be joined with "praying." It is he in us, as the Spirit of adoption, who prays, and enables us to pray (Rom 8:15, Rom 8:26; Gal 4:6; Jud 1:20).

To be joined with "praying." It is he in us, as the Spirit of adoption, who prays, and enables us to pray (Rom 8:15, Rom 8:26; Gal 4:6; Jud 1:20).

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- Not sleeping (Eph 5:14; Psa 88:13; Mat 26:41). So in the temple a perpetual watch was maintained (compare Anna, Luk 2:37).

Not sleeping (Eph 5:14; Psa 88:13; Mat 26:41). So in the temple a perpetual watch was maintained (compare Anna, Luk 2:37).

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- "watching unto" (with a view to) prayer and supplication.

"watching unto" (with a view to) prayer and supplication.

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- Greek, "in." Persevering constancy ("perseverance") and (that is, exhibited in) supplication are to be the element in which our watchfulness is to be ...

Greek, "in." Persevering constancy ("perseverance") and (that is, exhibited in) supplication are to be the element in which our watchfulness is to be exercised.

JFB: Eph 6:18 - -- As none is so perfect as not to need the intercessions of his fellow Christians.

As none is so perfect as not to need the intercessions of his fellow Christians.

JFB: Eph 6:19 - -- A different Greek preposition from that in Eph 6:18; translate, therefore, "on my behalf."

A different Greek preposition from that in Eph 6:18; translate, therefore, "on my behalf."

JFB: Eph 6:19 - -- Rather, "that there may be given to me 'utterance,' or 'speech' in the opening of my mouth (when I undertake to speak; a formula used in set and solem...

Rather, "that there may be given to me 'utterance,' or 'speech' in the opening of my mouth (when I undertake to speak; a formula used in set and solemn speech, Job 3:1; Dan 10:16), so as with boldness to make known," &c. Bold plainness of speech was the more needed, as the Gospel is a "mystery" undiscoverable by mere reason, and only known by revelation. Paul looked for utterance to be given him; he did not depend on his natural or acquired power. The shortest road to any heart is by way of heaven; pray to God to open the door and to open your mouth, so as to avail yourself of every opening (Jer 1:7-8; Eze 3:8-9, Eze 3:11; 2Co 4:13).

JFB: Eph 6:20 - -- Greek, as in Eph 6:19, "On behalf of which."

Greek, as in Eph 6:19, "On behalf of which."

JFB: Eph 6:20 - -- A paradox. Ambassadors were held inviolable by the law of nations, and could not, without outrage to every sacred right, be put in chains. Yet Christ'...

A paradox. Ambassadors were held inviolable by the law of nations, and could not, without outrage to every sacred right, be put in chains. Yet Christ's "ambassador is in a chain!" The Greek is singular. The Romans used to bind a prisoner to a soldier by a single chain, in a kind of free custody. So Act 28:16, Act 28:20, "I am bound with this chain." The term, "bonds" (plural), on the other hand, is used when the prisoner's hands or feet were bound together (Act 26:29); compare Act 12:6, where the plural marks the distinction. The singular is only used of the particular kind of custody described above; an undesigned coincidence [PALEY].

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- As I have been discussing things relating to you, so that ye also may know about me (compare Col 4:7-8). NEANDER takes it, "Ye also," as well as the C...

As I have been discussing things relating to you, so that ye also may know about me (compare Col 4:7-8). NEANDER takes it, "Ye also," as well as the Colossians (Col 4:6).

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- Greek, "the things concerning me."

Greek, "the things concerning me."

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- How I fare.

How I fare.

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- An Asiatic, and so a fit messenger bearing the respective Epistles to Ephesus and Colosse (Act 20:4; 2Ti 4:12).

An Asiatic, and so a fit messenger bearing the respective Epistles to Ephesus and Colosse (Act 20:4; 2Ti 4:12).

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- Greek, "the beloved brother"; the same epithet as in Col 4:7.

Greek, "the beloved brother"; the same epithet as in Col 4:7.

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- That is, servant.

That is, servant.

JFB: Eph 6:21 - -- In the Lord's work.

In the Lord's work.

JFB: Eph 6:22 - -- Greek, "for this very purpose." Col 4:8 is almost word for word the same as this verse.

Greek, "for this very purpose." Col 4:8 is almost word for word the same as this verse.

JFB: Eph 6:22 - -- Greek, "the things concerning us," namely, concerning myself. "Aristarchus, my fellow prisoner, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas" (Col 4:10).

Greek, "the things concerning us," namely, concerning myself. "Aristarchus, my fellow prisoner, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas" (Col 4:10).

JFB: Eph 6:23 - -- Faith is presupposed as theirs; he prays that love may accompany it (Gal 5:6).

Faith is presupposed as theirs; he prays that love may accompany it (Gal 5:6).

JFB: Eph 6:24 - -- Contrast the malediction on all who love Him not (1Co 16:22).

Contrast the malediction on all who love Him not (1Co 16:22).

JFB: Eph 6:24 - -- Greek, "in incorruption," that is, not as English Version, but "with an immortal (constant) love" [WAHL]. Compare "that which is not corruptible" (1Pe...

Greek, "in incorruption," that is, not as English Version, but "with an immortal (constant) love" [WAHL]. Compare "that which is not corruptible" (1Pe 3:4). Not a fleeting, earthly love, but a spiritual and eternal one [ALFORD]. Contrast Col 2:22, worldly things "which perish with the using." Compare 1Co 9:25, "corruptible . . . incorruptible crown." "Purely," "holily" [ESTIUS], without the corruption of sin (See on 1Co 3:17; 2Pe 1:4; Jud 1:10). Where the Lord Jesus has a true believer, there I have a brother [BISHOP M'IKWAINE]. He who is good enough for Christ, is good enough for me [R. HALL]. The differences of opinion among real Christians are comparatively small, and show that they are not following one another like silly sheep, each trusting the one before him. Their agreement in the main, while showing their independence as witnesses by differing in non-essentials, can only be accounted for by their being all in the right direction (Act 15:8-9; 1Co 1:2; 1Co 12:3).

Clarke: Eph 6:13 - -- Wherefore - Because ye have such enemies to contend with, take unto you - assume, as provided and prepared for you, the whole armor of God; which ar...

Wherefore - Because ye have such enemies to contend with, take unto you - assume, as provided and prepared for you, the whole armor of God; which armor if you put on and use, you shall be both invulnerable and immortal. The ancient heroes are fabled to have had armor sent to them by the gods; and even the great armor-maker, Vulcan, was reputed to be a god himself. This was fable: What Paul speaks of is reality. See before on Eph 6:11 (note)

Clarke: Eph 6:13 - -- That ye may be able to withstand - That ye may not only stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made you free, but also discomfit all your s...

That ye may be able to withstand - That ye may not only stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made you free, but also discomfit all your spiritual foes; and continuing in your ranks, maintain your ground against them, never putting off your armor, but standing always ready prepared to repel any new attack

Clarke: Eph 6:13 - -- And having done all, to stand - Και ἁπαντα κατεργασαμενοι στηναι· rather, And having conquered all, stand: this is...

And having done all, to stand - Και ἁπαντα κατεργασαμενοι στηναι· rather, And having conquered all, stand: this is a military phrase, and is repeatedly used in this sense by the best Greek writers. So Dionys. Hal. Ant., lib. vi., page 400: Και παντα πολεμια εν ολιγῳ κατεργασαμενοι χρονῳ· "Having in a short time discomfited all our enemies, we returned with numerous captives and much spoil."See many examples in Kypke. By evil day we may understand any time of trouble, affliction, and sore temptation

As there is here allusion to some of the most important parts of the Grecian armor, I shall give a short account of the whole. It consisted properly of two sorts

1.    Defensive armor, or that which protected themselves

2.    Offensive armor, or that by which they injured their enemies. The apostle refers to both

I. Defensive Armo

Περικεφαλαια, the Helmet; this was the armor for the head, and was of various forms, and embossed with a great variety of figures. Connected with the helmet was the crest or ridge on the top of the helmet, adorned with several emblematic figures; some for ornament, some to strike terror. For crests on ancient helmets we often see the winged lion, the griffin, chimera, etc. St. Paul seems to refer to one which had an emblematical representation of hope

Ζωμα, the Girdle; this went about the loins, and served to brace the armor tight to the body, and to support daggers, short swords, and such like weapons, which were frequently stuck in it. This kind of girdle is in general use among the Asiatic nations to the present day

Θωραξ, the Breast-Plate; this consisted of two parts, called πτερυγες or wings: one covered the whole region of the thorax or breast, in which the principal viscera of life are contained; and the other covered the back, as far down as the front part extended

Κνημιδὲ‚, Greaves or brazen boots, which covered the shin or front of the leg; a kind of solea was often used, which covered the sole, and laced about the instep, and prevented the foot from being wounded by rugged ways, thorns, stones, etc

Χειριδες, Gauntlets; a kind of gloves that served to defend the hands, and the arm up to the elbow

Ασπις, the clypeus or Shield; it was perfectly round, and sometimes made of wood, covered with bullocks’ hides; but often made of metal. The aspis or shield of Achilles, made by Vulcan, was composed of five plates, two of brass, two of tin, and one of gold; so Homer, Il. U. v. 270: -

- επει πεντε πτυχας ηλασε Κυλλοποδιων

Τας δυο χαλκειας, δυο δ ενδοθι κασσιτεροιο

Την δε μιαν χρυσην.

Five plates of various metal, various mold

Composed the shield; of brass each outward fold

Of tin each inward, and the middle gold

Of shields there were several sorts

Γερῥων or γερρα, the gerron ; a small square shield, used first by the Persians

Λαισηΐον, Laiseion ; a sort of oblong shield, covered with rough hides, or skins with the hair on

Πελτη, the Pelta ; a small light shield, nearly in the form of a demicrescent, with a small ornament, similar to the recurved leaves of a flower de luce, on the center of a diagonal edge or straight line; this was the Amazonian shield

Θυρεος, the scutum or Oblong Shield; this was always made of wood, and covered with hides. It was exactly in the shape of the laiseion , but differed in size, being much larger, and being covered with hides from which the hair had been taken off. It was called θυρεος from θυρα, a door, which it resembled in its oblong shape; but it was made curved, so as to embrace the whole forepart of the body. The aspis and the thureos were the shields principally in use; the former for light, the latter for heavy armed troops.

II. Offensive Armor, or Weapons;
the Following Were Chief

Εγχος, enchos , the Spear; which was generally a head of brass or iron, with a long shaft of ash

Δορυ, the Lance; differing perhaps little from the former, but in its size and lightness; being a missile used, both by infantry and cavalry, for the purpose of annoying the enemy at a distance

Ξιφος, the Sword; these were of various sizes, and in the beginning all of brass. The swords of Homer’ s heroes are all of this metal

Μαχαιρα, called also a sword, sometimes a knife; it was a short sword, used more frequently by gladiators, or in single combat. What other difference it had from the xiphos I cannot tell

Αξινη, from which our word Axe; the common battle-axe

Πελεκυς, the Bipen ; a sort of battle-axe, with double face, one opposite to the other

Κορυνη, an iron club or mace, much used both among the ancient Greeks and Persians

Τοξον, the Bow; with its pharetra or quiver, and its stock or sheaf of arrows

Σφενδονη, the Sling; an instrument in the use of which most ancient nations were very expert, particularly the Hebrews and ancient Greeks

The arms and armor mentioned above were not always in use; they were found out and improved by degrees. The account given by Lucretius of the arms of the first inhabitants of the earth is doubtless as correct as it is natural

Arma antiqua manus, ungues, dentesque fuere

Et lapides, et item silvarum fragmina rami

Et flammae, atque ignes postquam sunt cognita primum

Posterius ferri vis est, aerisque reperta

Sed prius aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus

Quo facilis magis est natura, et copia major

De Rerum Nat., lib. v. ver. 1282

Whilst cruelty was not improved by art

And rage not furnished yet with sword or dart

With fists, or boughs, or stones, the warriors fought

These were the only weapons Nature taught

But when flames burnt the trees and scorched the ground

Then brass appeared, and iron fit to wound

Brass first was used, because the softer ore

And earth’ s cold veins contained a greater store

Creech

I have only to observe farther on this head

1.    That the ancient Greeks and Romans went constantly armed

2.    That before they engaged they always ate together; an

3.    That they commenced every attack with prayer to the gods for success.

Clarke: Eph 6:14 - -- Stand therefore - Prepare yourselves for combat, having your loins girt about with truth. He had told them before to take the whole armor of God, Ep...

Stand therefore - Prepare yourselves for combat, having your loins girt about with truth. He had told them before to take the whole armor of God, Eph 6:13, and to put on this whole armor. Having got all the pieces of it together, and the defensive parts put on, they were then to gird them close to their bodies with the ζωμα or girdle, and instead of a fine ornamented belt, such as the ancient warriors used, they were to have truth. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is the truth of God; unless this be known and conscientiously believed no man can enter the spiritual warfare with any advantage or prospect of success. By this alone we discover who our enemies are, and how they come on to attack us; and by this we know where our strength lies; and, as the truth is great, and must prevail, we are to gird ourselves with this against all false religion, and the various winds of doctrine by which cunning men and insidious devils lie in wait to deceive. Truth may be taken here for sincerity; for if a man be not conscious to himself that his heart is right before God, and that he makes no false pretences to religion, in vain does he enter the spiritual lists. This alone can give him confidence: -

Hic murus aheneus esto

Nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa

Let this be my brazen wall; that no man can reproach me with a crime, and that I am conscious of my own integrity

The breast-plate of righteousness - What the θωραξ or breast-plate was, see before. The word righteousness, δικαισυνη, we have often had occasion to note, is a word of very extensive import: it signifies the principle of righteousness; it signifies the practice of righteousness, or living a holy life; it signifies God’ s method of justifying sinners; and it signifies justification itself. Here it may imply a consciousness of justification through the blood of the cross; the principle of righteousness or true holiness implanted in the heart; and a holy life, a life regulated according to the testimonies of God. As the breast-plate defends the heart and lungs, and all those vital functionaries that are contained in what is called the region of the thorax; so this righteousness, this life of God in the soul of man, defends every thing on which the man’ s spiritual existence depends. While he possesses this principle, and acts from it, his spiritual and eternal life is secure.

Clarke: Eph 6:15 - -- Your feet shod - The κνημιδες, or greaves, have been already described; they were deemed of essential importance in the ancient armor; if t...

Your feet shod - The κνημιδες, or greaves, have been already described; they were deemed of essential importance in the ancient armor; if the feet or legs are materially wounded, a man can neither stand to resist his foe, pursue him if vanquished, nor flee from him should he have the worst of the fight

That the apostle has obedience to the Gospel in general in view, there can be no doubt; but he appears to have more than this, a readiness to publish the Gospel: for, How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth Peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth! Isa 52:7; Rom 10:15

The Israelites were commanded to eat the passover with their feet shod, to show that they were ready for their journey. And our Lord commands his disciples to be shod with sandals, that they might be ready to go and publish the Gospel, as the Israelites were to go to possess the promised land. Every Christian should consider himself on his journey from a strange land to his own country, and not only stand every moment prepared to proceed, but be every moment in actual progress towards his home

Clarke: Eph 6:15 - -- The preparation of the Gospel - The word ἑτοιμασια which we translate preparation, is variously understood: some think it means an habi...

The preparation of the Gospel - The word ἑτοιμασια which we translate preparation, is variously understood: some think it means an habitual readiness in walking in the way prescribed by the Gospel; others that firmness and solidity which the Gospel gives to them who conscientiously believe its doctrines; others, those virtues and graces which in the first planting of Christianity were indispensably necessary to those who published it

Should we take the word preparation in its common acceptation, it may imply that, by a conscientious belief of the Gospel, receiving the salvation provided by its author, and walking in the way of obedience which is pointed out by it, the soul is prepared for the kingdom of heaven

The Gospel is termed the Gospel of peace, because it establishes peace between God and man, and proclaims peace and good will to the universe. Contentions, strife, quarrels, and all wars, being as alien from its nature and design, as they are opposed to the nature of Him who is love and compassion to man.

Clarke: Eph 6:16 - -- Above all, ( Επι πασιν, over all the rest of the armor), taking the shield of faith - In the word θυρεος, thureos , the apostle allud...

Above all, ( Επι πασιν, over all the rest of the armor), taking the shield of faith - In the word θυρεος, thureos , the apostle alludes to the great oblong shield, or scutum , which covers the whole body. See its description before. And as faith is the grace by which all others are preserved and rendered active, so it is properly represented here under the notion of a shield, by which the whole body is covered and protected. Faith, in this place, must mean that evidence of things unseen which every genuine believer has, that God, for Christ’ s sake, has blotted out his sins, and by which he is enabled to call God his Father, and feel him to be his portion. It is such an appropriating faith as this which can quench any dart of the devil

Clarke: Eph 6:16 - -- The fiery darts of the wicked - Βελος, a dart, signifies any kind of missile weapon; every thing that is projected to a distance by the hand, ...

The fiery darts of the wicked - Βελος, a dart, signifies any kind of missile weapon; every thing that is projected to a distance by the hand, as a javelin, or short spear; or by a bow, as an arrow; or a stone by a sling

The fiery darts - Τα βελη τα πεπυρωμενα . It is probable that the apostle alludes to the darts called falarica , which were headed with lead, in or about which some combustible stuff was placed that took fire in the passage of the arrow through the air, and often burnt up the enemy’ s engines, ships, etc.; they were calculated also to stick in the shields and set them on fire. Some think that poisoned arrows may be intended, which are called fiery from the burning heat produced in the bodies of those who were wounded by them. To quench or extinguish such fiery darts the shields were ordinarily covered with metal on the outside, and thus the fire was prevented from catching hold of the shield. When they stuck on a shield of another kind and set it on fire, the soldier was obliged to cast it away, and thus became defenceless

The fiery darts of the wicked, του πονηρου, or devil, are evil thoughts, and strong injections, as they are termed, which in the unregenerate inflame the passions, and excite the soul to acts of transgression. While the faith is strong in Christ it acts as a shield to quench these. He who walks so as to feel the witness of God’ s Spirit that he is his child, has all evil thoughts in abhorrence; and, though they pass through his mind, they never fix in his passions. They are caught on this shield, blunted, and extinguished.

Clarke: Eph 6:17 - -- Take the helmet of salvation - Or, as it is expressed, 1Th 5:8, And for a helmet, the hope of salvation. It has already been observed, in the descri...

Take the helmet of salvation - Or, as it is expressed, 1Th 5:8, And for a helmet, the hope of salvation. It has already been observed, in the description of the Grecian armor, that on the crest and other parts of the helmet were a great variety of emblematical figures, and that it is very likely the apostle refers to helmets which had on them an emblematical representation of hope; viz. that the person should be safe who wore it, that he should be prosperous in all his engagements, and ever escape safe from battle. So the hope of conquering every adversary and surmounting every difficulty, through the blood of the Lamb, is as a helmet that protects the head; an impenetrable one, that the blow of the battle-axe cannot cleave. The hope of continual safety and protection, built on the promises of God, to which the upright follower of Christ feels he has a Divine right, protects the understanding from being darkened, and the judgment from being confused by any temptations of Satan, or subtle arguments of the sophistical ungodly. He who carries Christ in his heart cannot be cheated out of the hope of his heaven

Clarke: Eph 6:17 - -- The sword of the Spirit - See what is said before on ξιφος and μαχαιρα, in the account of the Greek armor (Eph 6:13 (note)). The swor...

The sword of the Spirit - See what is said before on ξιφος and μαχαιρα, in the account of the Greek armor (Eph 6:13 (note)). The sword of which St. Paul speaks is, as he explains it, the word of God; that is, the revelation which God has given of himself, or what we call the Holy Scriptures. This is called the sword of the Spirit, because it comes from the Holy Spirit, and receives its fulfillment in the soul through the operation of the Holy Spirit. An ability to quote this on proper occasions, and especially in times of temptation and trial, has a wonderful tendency to cut in pieces the snares of the adversary. In God’ s word a genuine Christian may have unlimited confidence, and to every purpose to which it is applicable it may be brought with the greatest effect. The shield, faith, and the sword - the word of God, or faith in God’ s unchangeable word, are the principal armor of the soul. He in whom the word of God dwells richly, and who has that faith by which he knows that he has redemption, even the forgiveness of sins, need not fear the power of any adversary. He stands fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made him free. Some suppose that του Πνευματος, of the Spirit, should be understood of our own spirit or soul; the word of God being the proper sword of the soul, or that offensive weapon the only one which the soul uses. But though it is true that every Christian soul has this for its sword, yet the first meaning is the most likely.

Clarke: Eph 6:18 - -- Praying always - The apostle does not put praying among the armor; had he done so he would have referred it, as he has done all the rest, to some of...

Praying always - The apostle does not put praying among the armor; had he done so he would have referred it, as he has done all the rest, to some of the Grecian armor; but as he does not do this, therefore we conclude that his account of the armor is ended, and that now, having equipped his spiritual soldier, he shows him the necessity of praying, that he may successfully resist those principalities, powers, the rulers of the darkness of this world, and the spiritual wickednesses in heavenly places, with whom he has to contend. The panoply, or whole armor of God, consists in

1.    the girdle

2.    the breast-plate

3.    the greaves

4.    the shield

5.    the helmet; an

6.    the sword. He who had these was completely armed

And as it was the custom of the Grecian armies, before they engaged, to offer prayers to the gods for their success, the apostle shows that these spiritual warriors must depend on the Captain of their salvation, and pray with all prayer, i.e. incessantly, being always in the spirit of prayer, so that they should be ever ready for public, private, mental, or ejaculatory prayer, always depending on Him who can alone save, and who alone can destroy

When the apostle exhorts Christians to pray with all prayer, we may at once see that he neither means spiritual nor formal prayer, in exclusion of the other. Praying, προσευχομενοι, refers to the state of the spirit as well as to the act

Clarke: Eph 6:18 - -- With all prayer - Refers to the different kinds of prayer that is performed in public, in the family, in the closet, in business, on the way, in the...

With all prayer - Refers to the different kinds of prayer that is performed in public, in the family, in the closet, in business, on the way, in the heart without a voice, and with the voice from the heart. All those are necessary to the genuine Christian; and he whose heart is right with God will be frequent in the whole. "Some there are,"says a very pious and learned writer, who use only mental prayer or ejaculations, and think they are in a state of grace, and use a way of worship far superior to any other; but such only fancy themselves to be above what is really above them; it requiring far more grace to be enabled to pour out a fervent and continued prayer, than to offer up mental aspirations."Rev. J. Wesley

Clarke: Eph 6:18 - -- And supplication - There is a difference between προσευχη, prayer, and δεησις, supplication. Some think the former means prayer for ...

And supplication - There is a difference between προσευχη, prayer, and δεησις, supplication. Some think the former means prayer for the attainment of good; the latter, prayer for averting evil. Supplication however seems to mean prayer continued in, strong and incessant pleadings, till the evil is averted, or the good communicated. There are two things that must be attended to in prayer

1.    That it be εν παντι καιρῳ, in every time, season, or opportunity

2.    That it should be εν Πνευματι, in or through the Spirit - that the heart should be engaged in it, and that its infirmities should be helped by the Holy Ghost

Clarke: Eph 6:18 - -- Watching thereunto - Being always on your guard lest your enemies should surprise you. Watch, not only against evil, but also for opportunities to d...

Watching thereunto - Being always on your guard lest your enemies should surprise you. Watch, not only against evil, but also for opportunities to do good, and for opportunities to receive good. Without watchfulness, prayer and all the spiritual armor will be ineffectual

Clarke: Eph 6:18 - -- With all perseverance - Being always intent on your object, and never losing sight of your danger, or of your interest. The word implies stretching ...

With all perseverance - Being always intent on your object, and never losing sight of your danger, or of your interest. The word implies stretching out the neck, and looking about, in order to discern an enemy at a distance

Clarke: Eph 6:18 - -- For all saints - For all Christians; for this was the character by which they were generally distinguished.

For all saints - For all Christians; for this was the character by which they were generally distinguished.

Clarke: Eph 6:19 - -- And for me, that utterance may be given unto me - Ἱνα μοι δοθειη λογος . Kypke has proved by many examples that λογον δι...

And for me, that utterance may be given unto me - Ἱνα μοι δοθειη λογος . Kypke has proved by many examples that λογον διδοναι signifies permission and power to defend one’ s self in a court of justice; and this sense of the phrase is perfectly applicable to the case of St. Paul, who was an ambassador in bonds, (Eph 6:20), and expected to be called to a public hearing, in which he was not only to defend himself, but to prove the truth and excellency of the Christian religion. And we learn, from Phi 1:12-14, that he had his desire in this respect; for the things which happened to him fell out to the furtherance of the Gospel, so that his bonds in Christ were manifest in all the palace, and in all other places. Thus God had enabled him to make a most noble defense, by which the Gospel acquired great credit

Clarke: Eph 6:19 - -- The mystery of the Gospel - The whole doctrine of Christ, not fully revealed previously to that time.

The mystery of the Gospel - The whole doctrine of Christ, not fully revealed previously to that time.

Clarke: Eph 6:20 - -- An ambassador in bonds - An ambassador being the representative of his king, his person was in all civilized countries held sacred. Contrary to the ...

An ambassador in bonds - An ambassador being the representative of his king, his person was in all civilized countries held sacred. Contrary to the rights of nations, this ambassador of the King of heaven was put in chains! He had however the opportunity of defending himself, and of vindicating the honor of his Master. See above

Clarke: Eph 6:20 - -- As I ought to speak - As becomes the dignity and the importance of the subject.

As I ought to speak - As becomes the dignity and the importance of the subject.

Clarke: Eph 6:21 - -- That ye also - As well as other Churches to whom I have communicated the dealings both of God and man to me

That ye also - As well as other Churches to whom I have communicated the dealings both of God and man to me

Clarke: Eph 6:21 - -- May know my affairs - May be acquainted with my situation and circumstances

May know my affairs - May be acquainted with my situation and circumstances

Clarke: Eph 6:21 - -- And how I do - How I employ my time, and what fruit there is of my apostolical labors

And how I do - How I employ my time, and what fruit there is of my apostolical labors

Clarke: Eph 6:21 - -- Tychicus, a beloved brother - We learn, from Act 20:4, that Tychicus was of Asia, and that he was a useful companion of St. Paul. See the note on Ac...

Tychicus, a beloved brother - We learn, from Act 20:4, that Tychicus was of Asia, and that he was a useful companion of St. Paul. See the note on Act 20:4

This same person, and with the same character and commendation, is mentioned in the Epistle to the Colossians, Col 4:7. He is mentioned also in Tit 3:12, and in 2Ti 4:12; from all these places it is evident that he was a person in whom the apostle had the highest confidence, and that he was a very eminent minister of Christ.

Clarke: Eph 6:22 - -- Whom I have sent - for the same purpose - Namely, that the Ephesians might know his affairs, and those of the Church at Rome: messengers of this kin...

Whom I have sent - for the same purpose - Namely, that the Ephesians might know his affairs, and those of the Church at Rome: messengers of this kind frequently passed between the Churches in those ancient times

Clarke: Eph 6:22 - -- Comfort your hearts - By showing you how powerfully he was upheld in all his tribulations, and how God turned his bonds to the furtherance of the Go...

Comfort your hearts - By showing you how powerfully he was upheld in all his tribulations, and how God turned his bonds to the furtherance of the Gospel. This must have been great consolation to all the followers of God; and particularly to those in Ephesus or Laodicea, or to whomsoever the epistle was directed. The question, To whom was it sent? is divided between the Ephesians and the Laodiceans. Dr. Lardner has argued strongly in favor of the former; Dr. Paley not less so in favor of the latter.

Clarke: Eph 6:23 - -- Peace be to the brethren - If the epistle were really sent to the Ephesians, a people with whom the apostle was so intimately acquainted, it is stra...

Peace be to the brethren - If the epistle were really sent to the Ephesians, a people with whom the apostle was so intimately acquainted, it is strange that he mentions no person by name. This objection, on which Dr. Paley lays great stress, (see the preface to this epistle), has not been successfully answered

Clarke: Eph 6:23 - -- Peace - All prosperity, and continual union with God and among yourselves; and love to God and man, the principle of all obedience and union; with f...

Peace - All prosperity, and continual union with God and among yourselves; and love to God and man, the principle of all obedience and union; with faith, continually increasing, and growing stronger and stronger, from God the Father, as the fountain of all our mercies, and the Lord Jesus Christ, through whose sacrifice and mediation they all come.

Clarke: Eph 6:24 - -- Grace be with all them - May the Divine favor, and all the benedictions flowing from it, be with all them who love our Lord Jesus Christ, who has so...

Grace be with all them - May the Divine favor, and all the benedictions flowing from it, be with all them who love our Lord Jesus Christ, who has so loved us as to give his life to redeem ours, and to save us unto life eternal

Clarke: Eph 6:24 - -- In sincerity - Εν αφθαρσια· In incorruptibility. Those who show the genuineness of their love, by walking before him in holiness of lif...

In sincerity - Εν αφθαρσια· In incorruptibility. Those who show the genuineness of their love, by walking before him in holiness of life. Many profess to love our Lord Jesus who are corrupt in all their ways; on these the grace or favor of God cannot rest; they profess to know him, but in works deny him. Such can neither expect favor here, nor hereafter

Clarke: Eph 6:24 - -- Amen - This is wanting in ABFG, and some others. It is, however, more likely to be a genuine subscription here than most others of its kind. The apo...

Amen - This is wanting in ABFG, and some others. It is, however, more likely to be a genuine subscription here than most others of its kind. The apostle might have sealed his most earnest wish by this word, which means not so much, so be it! or may it be so! but rather implies the faithfulness of him who had given the promises, and whose prerogative it was to give effect to the prayers which his own Spirit had inspired

The principal subscriptions to this epistle are the following: To the Ephesians. The Epistle to the Ephesians is finished. To the Ephesians, written from Rome. To the Ephesians, written from Rome by Tychicus. (This is the subscription which we have followed; and it is that of the larger number of modern MSS. and editions.) The Epistle to the Ephesians, written from Rome, and sent by Tychicus - Syriac. To the Ephesians. - aethiopic. Vulgate, no subscription. The end of this epistle, which was written from Rome by Tychicus. Praise be to God for ever. Amen. - Arabic. Written at Rome, and sent by Tychicus. - Coptic. The Sahidic is defective. The Epistle to the Ephesians is ended, which was written at Rome by Tychicus. - Philoxenian Syriac

We have had already occasion to observe that the subscriptions to the sacred books were not written by the authors themselves, but were added in a much later age, and generally by unskillful hands. They are consequently not much to be depended on, and never should be quoted as a part of the Divine oracles

1.    It may be supposed that on the principal subject of this concluding chapter, the armor of God, I should have been much more diffuse. I answer, my constant aim is just to say enough, and no more, on any point. Whether I attain this, in general, or not, I can still say it is what I have desired. As to the Christian armor, it does not appear to me that the apostle has couched such a profusion of mystical meaning in it as to require a huge volume to explain. I believe the Ephesians did not understand it so; nor did the primitive Church of God. Men of rich imaginations may write large volumes on such subjects; but when they come to be fairly examined, they will be found not to be explanations of the text, on which they professedly treat, but immense bodies of divinity, in which the peculiar creed of the writer, both with respect to doctrine and discipline, is amply set forth. Mr. Gurnal’ s Christian Armor contains a great many excellences; but surely it does not require such a volume to explain the five verses of this chapter, in which the apostle speaks of the spiritual armor. The grand design of the apostle was to show that truth, righteousness, obedience to the Gospel, faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, a well grounded hope of salvation, a thorough knowledge of the word of God, and a continual dependence on and application to him by prayer, were essentially necessary to every soul who desired to walk uprightly in this life, and finally to attain everlasting blessedness. This is the obvious meaning of the apostle; in this sense it was understood by the Ephesians, and by the primitive Church; we may amplify it as we please

2.    In two or three places, in the preceding notes, I have referred to a piece on a very remarkable rule relative to the Greek article, to be introduced at the end. From the labors of several learned men this subject has acquired considerable importance, and has excited no small interest among Biblical critics. The late benevolent, learned, and excellent Mr. Granville Sharp was, I believe, the first who brought this subject fairly before the public; he was followed by the Rev. Dr. Wordsworth, a learned and intelligent clergyman of the Established Church

The Rev. Dr. Middleton, late bishop of Calcutta, has presented the subject in all its force and excellence, fortified by innumerable proofs, and a great variety of critical disquisition. The principal design of these writers was to exhibit a new and substantial mode of proving the Divinity of our Lord and Savior. Their works are before the public, and within the reach of all who are capable of judging of this mode of proof

The piece which I now subjoin is the result of the researches of one of my literary friends, H. S. Boyd, Esq., author of Translations from Chrysostom, etc., who has read the Greek writers, both sacred and profane, with peculiar attention; and has collected a vast number of additional examples, both from prose and poetic writers, for the confirmation and illustration of the rule in question, and in support of the great doctrine of the Godhead of Christ

The critical reader, who has entered into this subject, will be glad to see such a number of pointed examples brought within his reach, which at once serve the purpose both of philology and divinity. The learned author has transmitted them to me for the purpose of insertion in this place; but want of room has obliged me to omit several of his quotations.

I would not wish the reader to suppose that these are the only proofs of the grand doctrine of the Godhead of Christ; they are not: the Holy Scripture, in its plain, obvious meaning, independently of such criticism, affords the most luminous and convincing proofs of the doctrine in question; but this is no sufficient reason that we should reject any additional light which may come to us in the way of Divine Providence

Finished the correction for a new edition, Dec. 15th, 1831

Calvin: Eph 6:13 - -- 13.Wherefore take unto you Though our enemy is so powerful, Paul does not infer that we must throw away our spears, but that we must prepare our mind...

13.Wherefore take unto you Though our enemy is so powerful, Paul does not infer that we must throw away our spears, but that we must prepare our minds for the battle. A promise of victory is, indeed, involved in the exhortation, that ye may be able. If we only put on the whole armor of God, and fight valiantly to the end, we shall certainly stand. On any other supposition, we would be discouraged by the number and variety of the contests; and therefore he adds, in the evil day. By this expression he rouses them from security, bids them prepare themselves for hard, painful, and dangerous conflicts, and, at the same time, animates them with the hope of victory; for amidst the greatest dangers they will be safe. And having done all. They are thus directed to cherish confidence through the whole course of life. There will be no danger which may not be successfully met by the power of God; nor will any who, with this assistance, fight against Satan, fail in the day of battle.

Calvin: Eph 6:14 - -- 14.Stand therefore Now follows a description of the arms which they were enjoined to wear. We must not, however, inquire very minutely into the meani...

14.Stand therefore Now follows a description of the arms which they were enjoined to wear. We must not, however, inquire very minutely into the meaning of each word; for an allusion to military customs is all that was intended. Nothing can be more idle than the extraordinary pains which some have taken to discover the reason why righteousness is made a breastplate, instead of a girdle. Paul’s design was to touch briefly on the most important points required in a Christian, and to adapt them to the comparison which he had already used.

Truth, which means sincerity of mind, is compared to a girdle. Now, a girdle was, in ancient times, one of the most important parts of military armor. Our attention is thus directed to the fountain of sincerity; for the purity of the gospel ought to remove from our minds all guile, and from our hearts all hypocrisy. Secondly, he recommends righteousness, and desires that it should be a breastplate for protecting the breast. Some imagine that this refers to a freely bestowed righteousness, or the imputation of righteousness, by which pardon of sin is obtained. But such matters ought not, I think, to have been mentioned on the present occasion; for the subject now under discussion is a blameless life. He enjoins us to be adorned, first, with integrity, and next with a devout and holy life.

Calvin: Eph 6:15 - -- 15.And your feet shod The allusion, if I mistake not, is to the military greaves; for they were always reckoned a part of the armor, and were even ...

15.And your feet shod The allusion, if I mistake not, is to the military greaves; for they were always reckoned a part of the armor, and were even used for domestic purposes. As soldiers covered their legs and feet to protect them against cold and other injuries, so we must be shod with the gospel, if we would pass unhurt through the world. It is the gospel of peace, and it is so called, as every reader must perceive, from its effects; for it is the message of our reconciliation to God, and nothing else gives peace to the conscience. But what is the meaning of the word preparation? Some explain it as an injunction to be prepared for the gospel; but it is the effect of the gospel which I consider to be likewise expressed by this term. We are enjoined to lay aside every hinderance, and to be prepared both for journey and for war. By nature we dislike exertion, and want agility. A rough road and many other obstacles retard our progress, and we are discouraged by the smallest annoyance. On these accounts, Paul holds out the gospel as the fittest means for undertaking and performing the expedition. Erasmus proposes a circumlocution, ( ut sitis parati ,) that ye may be prepared; but this does not appear to convey the true meaning.

Calvin: Eph 6:16 - -- 16.Taking the shield of faith Though faith and the word of God are one, yet Paul assigns to them two distinct offices. I call them one, because t...

16.Taking the shield of faith Though faith and the word of God are one, yet Paul assigns to them two distinct offices. I call them one, because the word is the object of faith, and cannot be applied to our use but by faith; as faith again is nothing, and can do nothing, without the word. But Paul, neglecting so subtle a distinction, allowed himself to expatiate at large on the military armor. In the first Epistle to the Thessalonians he gives both to faith and to love the name of a breastplate, — “putting on the breastplate of faith and love,” (1Th 5:8.) All that was intended, therefore, was obviously this, — “He who possesses the excellencies of character which are here described is protected on every hand.”

And yet it is not without reason that the most necessary instruments of warfare — a sword and a shield — are compared to faith, and to the word of God. In the spiritual combat, these two hold the highest rank. By faith we repel all the attacks of the devil, and by the word of God the enemy himself is slain. If the word of God shall have its efficacy upon us through faith, we shall be more than sufficiently armed both for opposing the enemy and for putting him to flight. And what shall we say of those who take from a Christian people the word of God? Do they not rob them of the necessary armor, and leave them to perish without a struggle? There is no man of any rank who is not bound to be a soldier of Christ. But if we enter the field unarmed, if we want our sword, how shall we sustain that character?

Wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the darts But quench appears not to be the proper word. Why did he not use, instead of it, ward off or shake off, or some such word? Quench is far more expressive; for it is adapted to the epithet applied to darts The darts of Satan are not only sharp and penetrating, but — what makes them more destructive — they are fiery Faith will be found capable, not only of blunting their edge, but of quenching their heat.

“This,” says John, “is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.” (1Jo 5:4.)

Calvin: Eph 6:17 - -- 17.And take the helmet of salvation In a passage already quoted, (1Th 5:8,) “the hope of salvation” is said to be a helmet, which I consider ...

17.And take the helmet of salvation In a passage already quoted, (1Th 5:8,) “the hope of salvation” is said to be a helmet, which I consider to be in the same sense as this passage. The head is protected by the best helmet, when, elevated by hope, we look up towards heaven to that salvation which is promised. It is only therefore by becoming the object of hope that salvation is a helmet.

Calvin: Eph 6:18 - -- 18.Praying always with all prayer Having instructed the Ephesians to put on their armor, he now enjoins them to fight by prayer. This is the true met...

18.Praying always with all prayer Having instructed the Ephesians to put on their armor, he now enjoins them to fight by prayer. This is the true method. To call upon God is the chief exercise of faith and hope; and it is in this way that we obtain from God every blessing. Prayer and supplication are not greatly different from each other, except that supplication is only one branch of prayer

With all perseverance We are exhorted to persevere in prayer. Every tendency to weariness must be counteracted by a cheerful performance of the duty. With unabated ardor we must continue our prayers, though we do not immediately obtain what we desire. If, instead of with all perseverance, some would render it, with all Earnestness, I would have no objection to the change.

But what is the meaning of always? Having already spoken of continued application, does he twice repeat the same thing? I think not. When everything flows on prosperously, — when we are easy and cheerful, we seldom feel any strong excitement to prayer, — or rather, we never flee to God, but when we are driven by some kind of distress. Paul therefore desires us to allow no opportunity to pass, — on no occasion to neglect prayer; so that praying always is the same thing with praying both in prosperity and in adversity.

For all saints There is not a moment of our life at which the duty of prayer may not be urged by our own wants. But unremitting prayer may likewise be enforced by the consideration, that the necessities of our brethren ought to move our sympathy. And when is it that some members of the church are not suffering distress, and needing our assistance? If, at any time, we are colder or more indifferent about prayer than we ought to be, because we do not feel the pressure of immediate necessity, — let us instantly reflect how many of our brethren are worn out by varied and heavy afflictions, — are weighed down by sore perplexity, or are reduced to the lowest distress. If reflections like these do not rouse us from our lethargy, we must have hearts of stone. But are we to pray for believers only? Though the apostle states the claims of the godly, he does not exclude others. And yet in prayer, as in all other kind offices, our first care unquestionably is due to the saints.

Calvin: Eph 6:19 - -- 19.And for me For himself, in a particular manner, he enjoins the Ephesians to pray. Hence we infer that there is no man so richly endowed with gifts...

19.And for me For himself, in a particular manner, he enjoins the Ephesians to pray. Hence we infer that there is no man so richly endowed with gifts as not to need this kind of assistance from his brethren, so long as he remains in this world. Who will ever be better entitled to plead exemption from this necessity than Paul? Yet he entreats the prayers of his brethren, and not hypocritically, but from an earnest desire of their aid. And what does he wish that they should ask for him? That utterance may be given to me. What then? Was he habitually dumb, or did fear restrain him from making an open profession of the gospel? By no means; but there was reason to fear lest his splendid commencement should not be sustained by his future progress. Besides, his zeal for proclaiming the gospel was so ardent that he was never satisfied with his exertions. And indeed, if we consider the weight and importance of the subject, we shall all acknowledge that we are very far from being able to handle it in a proper manner. Accordingly he adds,

Calvin: Eph 6:20 - -- 20.As I ought to speak; meaning, that to proclaim the truth of the gospel as it ought to be proclaimed, is a high and rare attainment. Every word her...

20.As I ought to speak; meaning, that to proclaim the truth of the gospel as it ought to be proclaimed, is a high and rare attainment. Every word here deserves to be carefully weighed. Twice he uses the expression boldly, — “that I may open my mouth boldly, ” “that therein I may speak boldly. ” Fear hinders us from preaching Christ openly and fearlessly, while the absence of all restraint and disguise in confessing Christ is demanded from his ministers. Paul does not ask for himself the powers of an acute debater, or, I should rather say, of a dexterous sophist, that he might shield himself from his enemies by false pretences. It is, that I may open my mouth, to make a clear and strong confession; for when the mouth is half shut, the sounds which it utters are doubtful and confused. To open the mouth, therefore, is to speak with perfect freedom, without the smallest dread.

But does not Paul discover unbelief, when he entertains doubts as to his own stedfastness, and implores the intercession of others? No. He does not, like unbelievers, seek a remedy which is contrary to the will of God, or inconsistent with his word. The only aids on which he relies are those which he knows to be sanctioned by the Divine promise and approbation. It is the command of God, that believers shall pray for one another. How consoling then must it be to each of them to learn that the care of his salvation is enjoined on all the rest, and to be informed by God himself that the prayers of others on his behalf are not poured out in vain! Would it be lawful to refuse what the Lord himself has offered? Each believer, no doubt, ought to have been satisfied with the Divine assurance, that as often as he prayed he would be heard. But if, in addition to all the other manifestations of his kindness, God were pleased to declare that he will listen to the prayers of others in our behalf, would it be proper that this bounty should be slighted, or rather, ought we not to embrace it with open arms?

Let us therefore remember that Paul, when he resorted to the intercessions of his brethren, was influenced by no distrust or hesitation. His eagerness to obtain them arose from his resolution that no privilege which the Lord had given him should be overlooked. How absurdly then do Papists conclude from Paul’s example, that we ought to pray to the dead! Paul was writing to the Ephesians, to whom he had it in his power to communicate his sentintents. But what intercourse have we with the dead? As well might they argue that we ought to invite angels to our feasts and entertainments, because among men friendship is promoted by such kind offices.

Calvin: Eph 6:21 - -- 21.But that, ye also may know Uncertain or false reports frequently produce uneasiness, chiefly, no doubt, in weak minds, but sometimes also in thoug...

21.But that, ye also may know Uncertain or false reports frequently produce uneasiness, chiefly, no doubt, in weak minds, but sometimes also in thoughtful and steady persons. To prevent this danger, Paul sends Tychicus, from whom the Ephesians would receive full information. The holy solicitude which Paul felt about the interests of religion, or, to use his own language, “the care of all the churches,” (2Co 11:28,) was thus strikingly evinced. When death stood constantly before his eyes, neither the dread of death, nor anxiety about himself, prevented him from making provision for the most distant churches. Another man would have said, “My own affairs require all the attention I can give. It would be more reasonable that all should run to my assistance, than that they should expect from me the smallest relief.” But Paul acts a different part, and sends in every direction to strengthen the churches which he had founded.

Tychicus is commended, that his statements may be more fully believed. A faithful minister in the Lord. It is not easy to say, whether this refers to the public ministry of the church, or to the private attentions which Paul had received from Tychicus. This uncertainty arises from these two expressions being connected, a beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord. The former refers to Paul, to whom the second may be supposed also to apply. I am more inclined, however, to understand it as denoting the public ministry; for I do not think it probable that Paul would have sent any man who did not hold such a rank in the church, as would secure the respectful attention of the Ephesians.

Calvin: Eph 6:23 - -- 23.Peace be to the brethren I consider the word peace, as in the salutations of the Epistles, to mean prosperity. Yet if the reader shall prefer ...

23.Peace be to the brethren I consider the word peace, as in the salutations of the Epistles, to mean prosperity. Yet if the reader shall prefer to view it as signifying harmony, because, immediately afterwards, Paul mentions love, I do not object to that interpretation, or rather, it agrees better with the context. He wishes the Ephesians to be peaceable and quiet among themselves; and this, he presently adds, may be obtained by brotherly love and by agreement in faith From this prayer we learn that faith and love, as well as peace itself, are gifts of God bestowed upon us through Christ, — that they come equally from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Calvin: Eph 6:24 - -- 24.Grace be with all The meaning is, “May God continue to bestow his favor on all who love Jesus Christ with a pure conscience!” The Greek word, ...

24.Grace be with all The meaning is, “May God continue to bestow his favor on all who love Jesus Christ with a pure conscience!” The Greek word, which I follow Erasmus in translating sincerity, (ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ,) signifies literally uncorruptedness, which deserves attention on account of the beauty of the metaphor. Paul intended to state indirectly, that, when the heart of man is free from all hypocrisy, it will be free from all corruption. This prayer conveys to us the instruction, that the only way of enjoying the light of the Divine countenance is to love sincerely God’s own Son, in whom his love toward us has been declared and confirmed. But let there be no hypocrisy; for most men, while they are not unwilling to make some professions of religion, entertain exceedingly low notions of Christ, and worship him with pretended homage. I wish there were not so many instances in the present day to prove that Paul’s admonition, to love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity is as necessary as ever.

END OF THE COMMENTARIES ON THE EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS.

Defender: Eph 6:14 - -- The "whole armour of God" (Eph 6:11, Eph 6:13) involves seven units, all of which are vital if we are to prevail lastingly in the spiritual conflict w...

The "whole armour of God" (Eph 6:11, Eph 6:13) involves seven units, all of which are vital if we are to prevail lastingly in the spiritual conflict with the great enemy of our souls. We must, first of all, be strongly girded about with truth - the Word of God, and all its counsel (Joh 17:17; Act 20:27) - if we hope to stand against the father of lies (Joh 8:44).

Defender: Eph 6:14 - -- The "breastplate of righteousness," protecting the heart and lungs which provide life and breath to carry on the fight, does not cover personal righte...

The "breastplate of righteousness," protecting the heart and lungs which provide life and breath to carry on the fight, does not cover personal righteous behavior (always imperfect at best) but His righteousness, imputed to us and in us (1Co 1:30; 2Co 5:21) through faith by grace and thus eternally impregnable."

Defender: Eph 6:15 - -- The feet also must be prepared, shod with footgear able to move quickly and as far as the gospel requires. "How beautiful are the feet of them that pr...

The feet also must be prepared, shod with footgear able to move quickly and as far as the gospel requires. "How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace" (Rom 10:15). Satan would bring doubt and rebellion and death, but the whole gospel, from creation to redemption to consummation, brings assurance and peace and life."

Defender: Eph 6:16 - -- The Roman shield was metallic and thus invulnerable to the ignited missiles often fired by opponents, especially when the entire phalanx mounted shiel...

The Roman shield was metallic and thus invulnerable to the ignited missiles often fired by opponents, especially when the entire phalanx mounted shield adjacent to shield, giving a solid wall of advancing metal. The shield is faith, and faith in God's promises is "the victory that overcometh the world," especially that promise that the Creator, the Son of God, has also become, in Jesus Christ, our eternal Savior and Lord (1Jo 5:4, 1Jo 5:5)."

Defender: Eph 6:17 - -- This helmet is called "the hope of salvation" in 1Th 5:8, and such a hope is, indeed, a hope involving "full assurance ... unto the end" (Heb 6:11). S...

This helmet is called "the hope of salvation" in 1Th 5:8, and such a hope is, indeed, a hope involving "full assurance ... unto the end" (Heb 6:11). Salvation involves an eternal future salvation as well as a past acceptance and present assurance thereof. It is that certain hope that protects the believer's mind as he would, in this spiritual warfare, seek continually to be "casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ" (2Co 10:5).

Defender: Eph 6:17 - -- The "sword of the Spirit" is not the logos (the Word as a whole) but the rhema (the individual text, or "saying," of the Word) that is applicable in e...

The "sword of the Spirit" is not the logos (the Word as a whole) but the rhema (the individual text, or "saying," of the Word) that is applicable in each particular situation and Satanic attack (Heb 4:12). Thus Jesus defeated Satan merely by citing the appropriate Scripture (Mat 4:4, Mat 4:7, Mat 4:10)."

Defender: Eph 6:18 - -- Persevering prayer, not just for personal deliverance, but also in supplication for others, is the invisible, but powerful, weapon that assures that G...

Persevering prayer, not just for personal deliverance, but also in supplication for others, is the invisible, but powerful, weapon that assures that God Himself, with His angels, is also fighting for us."

Defender: Eph 6:19 - -- Once again (Eph 1:9; Eph 3:3, Eph 3:4, Eph 3:9; Eph 5:32), as he closes the epistle, Paul speaks of that past mystery hidden in God since creation, wh...

Once again (Eph 1:9; Eph 3:3, Eph 3:4, Eph 3:9; Eph 5:32), as he closes the epistle, Paul speaks of that past mystery hidden in God since creation, which he now wants boldly to make fully known."

TSK: Eph 6:13 - -- take : Eph 6:11-17; 2Co 10:4 the whole : Πανοπλια [Strong’ s G3833], a complete suit of armour, both offensive and defensive, from π...

take : Eph 6:11-17; 2Co 10:4

the whole : Πανοπλια [Strong’ s G3833], a complete suit of armour, both offensive and defensive, from παν , all, and οπλον [Strong’ s G3696], armour.

in the : Eph 5:6, Eph 5:16; Ecc 12:1; Amo 6:3; Luk 8:13; Rev 3:10

done all : or, overcome all

to stand : Mal 3:2; Luk 21:36; Col 4:12; Rev 6:17

TSK: Eph 6:14 - -- having : Eph 5:9; Isa 11:5; Luk 12:35; 2Co 6:7; 1Pe 1:13 the breastplate : The θωραξ [Strong’ s G2382], or breastplate, consisted of two ...

having : Eph 5:9; Isa 11:5; Luk 12:35; 2Co 6:7; 1Pe 1:13

the breastplate : The θωραξ [Strong’ s G2382], or breastplate, consisted of two parts; one of which covered the whole region of the thorax or breast, and the other the back, as far down as the front part extended. Isa 59:17; 1Th 5:8; Rev 9:9, Rev 9:17

TSK: Eph 6:15 - -- your : Deu 33:25; Son 7:1; Hab 3:19; Luk 15:22 the gospel : Isa 52:7; Rom 10:15; 2Co 5:18-21

TSK: Eph 6:16 - -- the shield : The θυρεος [Strong’ s G2375] was a large oblong shield, or scuta, like a door, θυρα [Strong’ s G2374], made of ...

the shield : The θυρεος [Strong’ s G2375] was a large oblong shield, or scuta, like a door, θυρα [Strong’ s G2374], made of wood and covered with hides. Gen 15:1; Psa 56:3, Psa 56:4, Psa 56:10,Psa 56:11; Pro 18:10; 2Co 1:24, 2Co 4:16-18; Heb 6:17, Heb 6:18; Heb 11:24-34; 1Pe 5:8, 1Pe 5:9; 1Jo 5:4, 1Jo 5:5

to quench : 1Th 5:19

TSK: Eph 6:17 - -- the helmet : 1Sa 17:5, 1Sa 17:58; Isa 59:17; 1Th 5:8 the sword : Isa 49:2; Heb 4:12; Rev 1:16, Rev 2:16, Rev 19:15 which : Mat 4:4, Mat 4:7, Mat 4:10,...

TSK: Eph 6:18 - -- Praying : Eph 1:16; Job 27:10; Psa 4:1, Psa 6:9; Isa 26:16; Dan 6:10; Luk 3:26, Luk 3:37, Luk 18:1-7; Luk 21:36; Act 1:14, Act 6:4, Act 10:2, Act 12:5...

TSK: Eph 6:19 - -- for : Rom 15:30; 2Co 1:11; Phi 1:19; Col 4:3; 1Th 5:25; 2Th 3:1; Phm 1:22; Heb 13:18 utterance : Act 2:4; 1Co 1:5; 2Co 8:7 that I : Act 4:13, Act 4:29...

TSK: Eph 6:20 - -- I am : Pro 13:17; Isa 33:7; 2Co 5:20 bonds : or, a chain, Eph 3:1, Eph 4:1; 2Sa 10:2-6; Act 26:29, Act 28:20; Phi 1:7, Phi 1:13, Phi 1:14; 2Ti 1:16, 2...

TSK: Eph 6:21 - -- that : Phi 1:12; Col 4:7 Tychicus : Act 20:4; 2Ti 4:12; Tit 3:12 beloved : Col 4:9; Phm 1:16; 2Pe 3:15 faithful : 1Co 4:17; Col 1:7; 1Ti 4:6; 1Pe 5:12

TSK: Eph 6:22 - -- Phi 2:19, Phi 2:25; Col 4:7, Col 4:8; 1Th 3:2; 2Th 2:17

TSK: Eph 6:23 - -- Peace : Rom 1:7; 1Co 1:3; Gen 43:23; 1Sa 25:6; Psa 122:6-9; Joh 14:27; Gal 6:16; 1Pe 5:14; Rev 1:4 and love : Gal 5:6; 1Ti 1:3, 1Ti 5:8; 2Th 1:3; 1Ti ...

TSK: Eph 6:24 - -- Grace : 1Co 16:23; 2Co 13:14; Col 4:18; 2Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Heb 13:25 love : Joh 21:15-17; 1Co 16:22 in sincerity : or, with incorruption, Mat 22:37; ...

Grace : 1Co 16:23; 2Co 13:14; Col 4:18; 2Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Heb 13:25

love : Joh 21:15-17; 1Co 16:22

in sincerity : or, with incorruption, Mat 22:37; 2Co 8:8, 2Co 8:12; Tit 2:7

Amen : Mat 6:13, Mat 28:20

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Eph 6:13 - -- In the evil day - The day of temptation; the day when you are violently assaulted. And having done all, to stand - Margin, "or overcome."...

In the evil day - The day of temptation; the day when you are violently assaulted.

And having done all, to stand - Margin, "or overcome."The Greek word means, to work out, effect, or produce; and then to work up, to make an end of, to vanquish. Robinson, Lexicon. The idea seems to be, that they were to overcome or vanquish all their foes, and thus to stand firm. The whole language here is taken from war; and the idea is, that every foe was to be subdued - no matter how numerous or formidable they might be. Safety and triumph could be looked for only when every enemy was slain.

Barnes: Eph 6:14 - -- Stand therefore - Resist every attack - as a soldier does in battle. In what way they were to do this, and how they were to be armed, the apost...

Stand therefore - Resist every attack - as a soldier does in battle. In what way they were to do this, and how they were to be armed, the apostle proceeds to specify; and in doing it, gives a description of the ancient armor of a soldier.

Having your loins girt about - The "girdle, or sash,"was always with the ancients an important part of their dress, in war as well as in peace. They wore loose, flowing robes; and it became necessary to gird them up when they traveled, or ran, or labored. The girdle was often highly ornamented, and was the place where they carried their money, their sword, their pipe, their writing instruments, etc.; see the notes on Mat 5:38-41. The "girdle"seems sometimes to have been a cincture of iron or steel, and designed to keep every part of the armor in its place, and to gird the soldier on every side.

With truth - It may not be easy to determine with entire accuracy the resemblance between the parts of the armor specified in this description, and the things with which they are compared, or to determine precisely why he compared truth to a girdle, and "righteousness"to a breast-plate, rather than why he should have chosen a different order, and compared righteousness to a girdle, etc. Perhaps in themselves there may have been no special reason for this arrangement, but the object may have been merely to specify the different parts of the armor of a soldier, and to compare them with the weapons which Christians were to use, though the comparison should be made somewhat at random. In some of the cases, however, we can see a particular significancy in the comparisons which are made; and it may not be improper to make suggestions of that kind as we go along. The idea here may be, that as the girdle was the bracer up, or support of the body, so truth is suited to brace us up, and to gird us for constancy and firmness. The girdle kept all the parts of the armor in their proper place, and preserved firmness and consistency in the dress; and so truth might serve to give consistency and firmness to our conduct. "Great,"says Grotius, "is the laxity of falsehood; truth binds the man."Truth preserves a man from those lax views of morals, of duty and of religion, which leave him exposed to every assault. It makes the soul sincere, firm, constant, and always on its guard. A man who has no consistent views of truth, is just the man for the adversary successfully to assail.

And having on the breast-plate - The word rendered here as "breastplate" θώρἀξ thōrax denoted the "cuirass,"Lat.: lorica , or coat of mail; i. e., the armor that covered the body from the neck to the thighs, and consisted of two parts, one covering the front and the other the back. It was made of rings, or in the form of scales, or of plates, so fastened together that they, would be flexible, and yet guard the body from a sword, spear, or arrow. It is referred to in the Scriptures as a "coat of mail"1Sa 17:5; an "habergeon"Neh 4:16, or as a "breast-plate."We are told that Goliath’ s coat of mail weighed five thousand shekels of brass, or nearly one hundred and sixty pounds. It was often formed of plates of brass, laid one upon another, like the scales of a fish. The following cuts will give an idea of this ancient piece of armor.

Of righteousness - Integrity, holiness, purity of life, sincerity of piety. The breast-plate defended the vital parts of the body; and the idea here may be that the integrity of life, and righteousness of character, is as necessary to defend us from the assaults of Satan, as the coat of mail was to preserve the heart from the arrows of an enemy. It was the incorruptible integrity of Job, and, in a higher sense, of the Redeemer himself, that saved them from the temptations of the devil. And it is as true now that no one can successfully meet the power of temptation unless he is righteous, as that a soldier could not defend himself against a foe without such a coat of mail. A want of integrity will leave a man exposed to the assaults of the enemy, just as a man would be whose coat of mail was defective, or some part of which was missing. The king of Israel was smitten by an arrow sent from a bow, drawn at a venture, "between the joints of his harness"or the "breast-plate"(margin), 1Ki 22:34; and many a man who thinks he has on the "Christian"armor is smitten in the same manner. There is some defect of character; some want of incorruptible integrity; some point that is unguarded - and that will be sure to be the point of attack by the foe. So David was tempted to commit the enormous crimes that stain his memory, and Peter to deny his Lord. So Judas was assailed, for the want of the armor of righteousness, through his avarice; and so, by some want of incorruptible integrity in a single point, many a minister of the gospel has been assailed and has fallen. It may be added here, that we need a righteousness which God alone can give; the righteousness of God our Saviour, to make us perfectly invulnerable to all the arrows of the foe.

Barnes: Eph 6:15 - -- And your feet shod - There is undoubtedly an allusion here to what was worn by the ancient soldier to guard his feet. The Greek is, literally, ...

And your feet shod - There is undoubtedly an allusion here to what was worn by the ancient soldier to guard his feet. The Greek is, literally, "having underbound the feet;"that is, having bound on the shoes, or sandais, or whatever was worn by the ancient soldier. The protection of the feet and ankles consisted of two parts:

(1) The sandals, or shoes, which were probably made so as to cover the foot, and which often were fitted with nails, or armed with spikes, to make the hold firm in the ground: or.

\caps1 (2) w\caps0 ith "greaves"that were fitted to the legs, and designed to defond them from any danger. These "greaves,"or boots 1Sa 17:6, were made of brass, and were in almost universal use among the Greeks and Romans.

With the preparation - Prepared with the gospel of peace. The sense is, that the Christian soldier is to be prepared with the gospel of peace to meet attacks similar to those against which the ancient soldier designed to guard himself by the sandals or greaves which he wore. The word rendered "preparation"- ( ἑτοιμασία hetoimasia ) - means properly readiness, fitness for, alacrity; and the idea, according to Robinson (Lexicon), is, that they were to be ever ready to go forth to preach the gospel. Taylor (Fragments to Calmet’ s Dic., No. 219) supposes that it means, "Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel; not iron, not steel - but patient investigation, calm inquiry, assiduous, laborious, lasting; or with "firm footing"in the gospel of peace."Locke supposes it to mean,"with a readiness to walk in the gospel of peace."Doddridge supposes that the allusion is to "greaves,"and the spirit recommended is that peaceful and benevolent temper recommended in the gospel, and which, like the boots worn by soldiers, would bear them safe through many obstructions and trials that might be opposed to them, as a soldier might encounter sharp-pointed thorns that would oppose his progress.

It is difficult to determine the exact meaning; and perhaps all expositors have erred in endeavoring to explain the reference of these parts of armor by some particular thing in the gospel. The apostle figured to himself a soldier, clad in the usual manner. Christians were to resemble him. One part of his dress or preparation consisted in the covering and defense of the foot. It was to preserve the foot from danger, and to secure the facility of his march, and perhaps to make him firm in battle. Christians were to have the principles of the gospel of peace - the peaceful and pure gospel - to facilitate them; to aid them in their marches; to make them firm in the day of conflict with their foes. They were not to be furnished with carnal weapons, but with the peaceful gospel of the Redeemer; and, sustained by this, they were to go on in their march through the world. The principles of the gospel were to do for them what the greaves and iron-spiked sandals did for the soldier - to make them ready for the march, to make them firm in their foot-tread, and to be a part of their defense against their foes.

Barnes: Eph 6:16 - -- Above all - Ἐν πᾶσιν En pasin . Not "above all"in point of importance or value, but "over"all, as a soldier holds his shield to de...

Above all - Ἐν πᾶσιν En pasin . Not "above all"in point of importance or value, but "over"all, as a soldier holds his shield to defend himself. It constitutes a protection over every part of his body, as it can be turned in every direction. The idea is, that as the shield covered or protected the other parts of the armor, so faith had a similar importance in the Christian virtues.

The shield - note, Isa 21:9. The shield was usually made of light wood. or a rim of brass, and covered with several folds or thicknesses of stout hide, which was preserved by frequent anointing. It was held by the left arm, and was secured by straps, through which the arm passed, as may be seen in the annexed figures. The outer surface of the shield was made more or less rounding. Item the center to the edge, and was polished smooth, or anointed with oil, so that arrows or darts would glance off, or rebound.

Of faith - On the nature of faith, see the notes on Mar 16:16. Faith here is made to occupy a more important place than either of the other Christian graces. It bears, to the whole Christian character, the same relation which the shield does to the other parts of the armor of a soldier. It protects all, and is indispensable to the security of all, as is the case with the shield. The shield was an ingenious device by which blows and arrows might be parried off, and the whole body defended. It could be made to protect the head, or the heart, or thrown behind to meet all attack there. As long as the soldier had his shield, he felt secure; and as long as a Christian has faith, he is safe. It comes to his aid in every attack that is made on him, no matter from what quarter; it is the defense and guardian of every other Christian grace; and it secures the protection which the Christian needs in the whole of the spiritual war.

Wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked - Or, rather, "of the wicked one"- τοῦ πονηροῦ tou ponērou . The allusion is undoubtedly to the great enemy of the people of God, called, by way of eminence, the "wicked one;"compare 2Th 3:3. Mr. Locke renders this, "Wherein you may receive, and so render ineffectual,"etc. There seems a little incongruity in the idea of "quenching"darts by "a shield."But the word "quench,"here, means only that they would be "put out"by being thrown "against"the shield, as a candle would by being thrown against anything. "The fiery darts"that were used in war were small, slender pieces of cane, which were filled with combustible materials, and set on fire; or darts around which some combustible material was wound, and which were set on fire, and then shot "slowly"against a foe. The object was to make the arrow fasten in the body, and increase the danger by the burning; or, more frequently, those darts were thrown against ships, forts, tents, etc., with an intention to set them on fire. They were in common use among the ancients. Arrian (Exped. Alexan. 11) mentions the πυρφορα βελη purphora belē , the fire-bearing weapons; Thucydides (ii. c. 75), the πυρφοροι ὀΐστοι purphoroi oistoi , the fire-bearing arrows; and Livy refers to similar weapons as in common use in war; lib. xxi. c. 8. By the "fiery darts of the wicked,"Paul here refers, probably, to the temptations of the great adversary, which are like fiery darts; or those furious suggestions of evil, and excitements to sin, which he may throw into the mind like fiery darts. They are - blasphemous thoughts, unbelief, sudden temptation to do wrong, or thoughts that wound and torment the soul. In regard to them, we may observe:

(1)\caps1     t\caps0 hat they come suddenly, like arrows sped from a bow;

(2)\caps1     t\caps0 hey come from unexpected quarters, like arrows shot suddenly from an enemy in ambush;

(3)\caps1     t\caps0 hey pierce, and penetrate, and torment the soul, as arrows would that are on fire;

(4)\caps1     t\caps0 hey set the soul on fire, and enkindle the worst passions, as fiery darts do a ship or camp against which they are sent.

The only way to meet them is by the "shield of faith;"by confidence in God, and by relying on his gracious promises and aid. It is not by our own strength; and, if we have not faith in God, we are wholly defenseless. We should have a shield that we can turn in any direction, on which we may receive the arrow, and by which it may be put out.

Barnes: Eph 6:17 - -- And take the helmet - The helmet was a cap made of thick leather, or brass, fitted to the head, and was usually crowned with a plume, or crest,...

And take the helmet - The helmet was a cap made of thick leather, or brass, fitted to the head, and was usually crowned with a plume, or crest, as an ornament. Its use was to guard the head from a blow by a sword, or war-club, or battle-axe. The cuts will show its usual form.

Of salvation - That is, "of the hope of salvation;"for so it is expressed in the parallel place in 1Th 5:8. The idea is, that a well-founded hope of salvation will preserve us in the day of spiritual conflict, and will guard us from the blows which an enemy would strike. The helmet defended the head, a vital part; and so the hope of salvation will defend the soul, and keep it from the blows of the enemy. A soldier would not fight well without a hope of victory. A Christian could not contend with his foes, without the hope of final salvation; but, sustained by this, what has he to dread?

And the sword - The sword was an essential part of the armor of an ancient soldier. His other weapons were the bow, the spear, or the battle-axe. But, without a sword, no soldier would have regarded himself as well armed. The ancient sword was short, and usually two-edged, and resembled very much a dagger.

Of the Spirit - Which the Holy Spirit furnishes; the truth which he has revealed.

Which is the word of God - What God has spoken - his truth and promises; see the notes on Heb 4:12. It was with this weapon that the Saviour met the tempter in the wilderness; Matt. 4. It is only by this that Satan can now be met. Error and falsehood will not put back temptation; nor can we hope for victory, unless we are armed with truth. Learn, hence:

(1)    That we should study the Bible, that we may understand what the truth is.

(2)\caps1     w\caps0 e should have texts of Scripture at command, as the Saviour did, to meet the various forms of temptation.

(3)\caps1     w\caps0 e should not depend on our own reason, or rely on our own wisdom.

A single text of Scripture is better to meet a temptation, than all the philosophy which the world contains. The tempter can reason, and reason plausibly too. But he cannot resist a direct and positive command of the Almighty. Had Eve adhered simply to the Word of God, and urged his command, without attempting to "reason"about it, sire would have been safe. The Saviour Mat 4:4, Mat 4:7,Mat 4:10, met the tempter with the Word of God, and he was foiled. So we shah be safe if we adhere to the simple declarations of the Bible, and oppose a temptation by a positive command of God. But, the moment we leave that, and begin to parley with sin, that moment we are gone. It is as if a man should throw away his sword, and use his naked hands only in meeting an adversary. Hence,

\caps1 (4) w\caps0 e may seethe importance of training up the young in the accurate study of the Bible. There is nothing which will furnish a better security to them in future life, when temptation comes upon them, than to have a pertinent text of Scripture at command. Temptation often assails us so suddenly that it checks all "reasoning;"but a text of Scripture will suffice to drive the tempter from us.

Barnes: Eph 6:18 - -- Praying always - It would be well for the soldier who goes forth to battle to pray - to pray for victory; or to pray that he may be prepared fo...

Praying always - It would be well for the soldier who goes forth to battle to pray - to pray for victory; or to pray that he may be prepared for death, should he fall. But soldiers do not often feel the necessity of this. To the Christian soldier, however, it is indispensable. Prayer crowns all lawful efforts with success and gives a victory when nothing else would. No matter how complete the armor; no matter how skilled we may be in the science of war; no matter how courageous we may be, we may be certain that without prayer we shall be defeated. God alone can give the victory; and when the Christian soldier goes forth armed completely for the spiritual conflict, if he looks to God by prayer, he may be sure of a triumph. This prayer is not to be intermitted. It is to be always. In every temptation and spiritual conflict we are to pray; see notes on Luk 18:1.

With all prayer and supplication - With all kinds of prayer; prayer in the closet, the family, the social meeting, the great assembly; prayer at the usual hours, prayer when we are specially tempted, and when we feel just like praying (see the notes, Mat 6:6) prayer in the form of supplication for ourselves, and in the form of intercession for others. This is, after all, the great weapon of our spiritual armor, and by this we may hope to prevail.

"Restraining prayer, we cease to fight;

Prayer makes the Christian armor bright,

And Satan trembles when he sees.

The meanest saint upon his knees."

In the Spirit - By the aid of the Holy Spirit; or perhaps it may mean that it is not to be prayer of form merely, but when the spirit and the heart accompany it. The former idea seems, however, to be the correct one.

And watching thereunto - Watching for opportunities to pray; watching for the spirit of prayer; watching against all those things which would hinder prayer; see the Mat 26:38, note, 41, note; compare 1Pe 4:7.

With all perseverance - Never becoming discouraged and disheartened; compare notes, Luk 18:1.

And supplication for all saints - For all Christians. We should do this:

\caps1 (1) b\caps0 ecause they are our brethren - though they may have a different skin, language, or name.

\caps1 (2) b\caps0 ecause, like us, they have hearts prone to evil, and need, with us, the grace of God.

\caps1 (3) b\caps0 ecause nothing tends so much to make us love others and to forget their faults, as to pray for them.

\caps1 (4) b\caps0 ecause the condition of the church is always such that it greatly needs the grace of God. Many Christians have backslidden; many are cold or lukewarm; many are in error; many are conformed to the world; and we should pray that they may become more holy and may devote themselves more to God.

\caps1 (5) b\caps0 ecause each day many a Christian is subjected to some special temptation or trial, and though he may be unknown to us, yet our prayers may benefit him.

\caps1 (6) b\caps0 ecause each day and each night many Christians die. We may reflect each night as we lie down to rest, that while we sleep, some Christians are kept awake by the prospect of death, and are now passing through the dark valley; and each morning we may reflect that "today"some Christian will die, and we should remember them before God.

\caps1 (7) b\caps0 ecause we shall soon die, and it will be a comfort to us if we can remember then that we have often prayed for dying saints, and if we may feel that they are praying for us.

Barnes: Eph 6:19 - -- And for me - Paul was then a prisoner at Rome. He specially needed the prayers of Christians: \caps1 (1) t\caps0 hat he might be sustained in h...

And for me - Paul was then a prisoner at Rome. He specially needed the prayers of Christians:

\caps1 (1) t\caps0 hat he might be sustained in his afflictions; and,

\caps1 (2) t\caps0 hat he might be able to manifest the spirit which he ought, and to do good as he had opportunity. Learn hence that we should pray for the prisoner, the captive, the man in chains, the slave. There are in this land (the United States) about ten thousand prisoners - husbands, fathers, sons, brothers; or wives, mothers, daughters. True, they are the children of "crime,"but they are also the children of sorrow; and in either case or both they need our prayers. There are in this land not far from three million of slaves - and they need our prayers. They are children of misfortune and of many wrongs; they are sunk in ignorance and want and we; they are subjected to trials, and exposed to temptations to the lowest vices. But many of them, we trust, love the Redeemer; and whether they do or do not, they need an interest in the prayers of Christians.

That utterance may be given unto me - Paul, though a prisoner, was permitted to preach the gospel; see the notes, Act 28:30-31.

That I may open my mouth boldly - He was in Rome. He was almost alone. He was surrounded by multitudes of the wicked. He was exposed to death. Yet he desired to speak boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, and to invite sinners to repentance. A Christians in chains, and surrounded by the wicked, may speak boldly, and "may"have hope of success - for Paul was not an unsuccessful preacher even when a captive at Rome; see the notes on Phi 4:22.

The mystery of the gospel - notes, Eph 1:9.

Barnes: Eph 6:20 - -- For which I am an ambassador in bonds - In chains (see the margin); or in confinement. There is something especially touching in this. He was "...

For which I am an ambassador in bonds - In chains (see the margin); or in confinement. There is something especially touching in this. He was "an ambassador"- sent to proclaim peace to a lost world. But he was now in chains. An ambassador is a sacred character. No greater affront can be given to a nation than to put its ambassadors to death, or even to throw them into prison. But Paul says here that the unusual spectacle was witnessed of an ambassador seized, bound, confined, imprisoned; an ambassador who ought to have the privileges conceded to all such people, and to be permitted to go everywhere publishing the terms of mercy and salvation. See the word "ambassador"explained in the notes on 2Co 5:20.

That therein - Margin, or "thereof."Greek, ἐν αὐτῷ en autō - "in it;"that is, says Rosenmuller, in the gospel. It means that in speaking the gospel he might be bold.

I may speak boldly - Openly, plainly, without fear; see the notes on Act 4:13; Act 9:27, note; Act 13:46, note; Act 14:3, note; Act 18:26, note; Act 19:8, note; Act 26:26, note.

As I ought to speak - Whether in bonds or at large. Paul felt that the gospel ought always to be Spoken with plainness, and without the fear of man. It is remarkable that he did not ask them to pray that he might be released. "Why"he did not we do not know; but perhaps the desire of release did not lie so near his heart as the duty of speaking the gospel with boldness It may be of much more importance that we perform our duty aright when we are afflicted, or are in trouble, than that we should be released.

Barnes: Eph 6:21 - -- But that ye also may know my affairs - May understand my condition, my feelings, and in what I am engaged. To them it could not but be a subjec...

But that ye also may know my affairs - May understand my condition, my feelings, and in what I am engaged. To them it could not but be a subject of deep interest.

And how I do - Greek, "What I do; that is how I am employed.

Tychicus - Tychicus was of the province of Asia, in Asia Minor, of which Ephesus was the capital; see Act 20:4. It is not improbable that he was of Ephesus, and that he was well known to the church there. He also carried the letter to the Colossians Col 4:7, and probably the Second Epistle to Timothy; 2Ti 4:12. Paul also proposed to send him to Crete to succeed Titus; Tit 3:12. He was high in the confidence of: Paul, but it is not known when he was converted, or why he was now at Rome. The Greeks speak of him as one of the seventy disciples, and make him bishop of Colophon, in the province of Asia.

Barnes: Eph 6:22 - -- Whom I have sent unto you - The churches where Paul had preached, would feel a great interest in his welfare. He was a prisoner at Rome, and it...

Whom I have sent unto you - The churches where Paul had preached, would feel a great interest in his welfare. He was a prisoner at Rome, and it was doubtful what the result would be. In this situation, he felt it proper to despatch a special messenger to give information about his condition; to state what was doing in Rome; to ask the prayers of the churches; and to administer consolation to them in their various trials. The same sentiment in regard to the embassy of Tychicus, is expressed in the Epistle to the Colossians, Col 4:7-8. No small part of the consolation which he would impart to them would be found in these invaluable letters which he bore to them from the apostle.

Barnes: Eph 6:23 - -- Peace be to the brethren - The Epistle is closed with the usual salutations. The expression "peace to you,"was the common form of salutation in...

Peace be to the brethren - The Epistle is closed with the usual salutations. The expression "peace to you,"was the common form of salutation in the East (see the Mat 10:13 note; Luk 24:36 note; Rom 15:33 note; compare Gal 6:16; 1Pe 5:14; 3Jo 1:14), and is still the "salam"which is used - the word "salam"meaning "peace."

And love with faith - Love united with faith; not only desiring that they might have faith, but the faith which worked by love.

From God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ - The Father and the Son are regarded as equally the author of peace and love; compare notes on 2Co 13:14.

Barnes: Eph 6:24 - -- Grace be, ... - note, Rom 16:20. That love our Lord Jesus Christ - see the notes on 1Co 16:22. In sincerity - Margin, "with incorru...

Grace be, ... - note, Rom 16:20.

That love our Lord Jesus Christ - see the notes on 1Co 16:22.

In sincerity - Margin, "with incorruption."With a pure heart; without dissembling; without hypocrisy. There could not be a more appropriate close of the Epistle than such a wish; there will be nothing more needful for us when we come to the close of life than the consciousness that we love the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. To writer and reader may this be equally the inestimable consolation then! Better, far better then will be the evidence of such sincere love, than all the wealth which toil can gain, all the honors which the world can bestow - than the most splendid mansion, or the widest fame. The subscription to this Epistle, like those affixed to the other epistles, is of no authority, but in this instance there is every reason to believe that it is correct. Compare notes at the end of the Epistle to the Romans and 1 Corinthians.

Poole: Eph 6:13 - -- In the evil day times of temptation, and Satan’ s greatest rage: see Eph 5:16 . Having done all all that belongs to good soldiers of Jesus Chr...

In the evil day times of temptation, and Satan’ s greatest rage: see Eph 5:16 .

Having done all all that belongs to good soldiers of Jesus Christ, all that we can do being little enough to secure our standing.

To stand as conquerors do that keep the field, not being beaten down, nor giving way.

Poole: Eph 6:14 - -- Stand therefore: standing here (in a different sense from what it was taken in before) seems to imply watchfulness, readiness for the combat, and kee...

Stand therefore: standing here (in a different sense from what it was taken in before) seems to imply watchfulness, readiness for the combat, and keeping our places, both as to our general and particular callings: if soldiers leave their ranks they endanger themselves.

Having your loins girt about with truth: having exhorted to put on the whole armour of God, he descends to the particulars of it, both defensive and offensive. We need not be over curious in inquiring into the reason of the names here given to the several parts of a Christian’ s armour, and the analogy between them and corporal arms, the apostle using these terms promiscuously, 1Th 5:8 , and designing only to show that what bodily arms are to soldiers, that these spiritual arms might be to Christians; yet some reason may be given of these denominations. He begins with the furniture for the loins, the seat of strength, and alludes to the belt or military girdle, which was both for ornament and strength; and so is

truth understood either of the truth of doctrine, or rather, (because that comes in afterward under the title of the sword of the Spirit), of soundness, and sincerity of heart, than which nothing doth more beautify or adorn a Christian. He alludes to Isa 59:17 : see 2Co 1:12 1Ti 1:5,19 .

And having on the breastplate of righteousness righteousness of conversation, consisting both in a resolvedness for good, and repentance for evil done, which is as a breastplate (that piece of armour which covers the whole breast and belly) to a Christian; that resolvedness against sin fencing him against temptation, and the conscience of well-doing against the accusations of men and devils: see 1Co 4:3,4 1Jo 3:7 .

Poole: Eph 6:15 - -- Your feet shod in allusion to the greaves or military shoes with which soldiers covered their feet and legs. A Christian’ s way lies through rou...

Your feet shod in allusion to the greaves or military shoes with which soldiers covered their feet and legs. A Christian’ s way lies through rough places, through briers and thorns, and therefore he needs this piece of armour. He must be prepared to hold the faith, and confess Christ in the most difficult times.

With the preparation of the gospel of peace with that furniture which the gospel affords him, which being a

gospel of peace and bringing the glad tidings of reconciliation to God by Christ, prepares men best to undergo the troubles of the world: see Joh 16:33 .

Poole: Eph 6:16 - -- Above all chiefly, Col 3:14 : this he sets, as the principal part of the Christian armour, against the greatest temptations, fiery darts, 1Pe 5:8,9 1...

Above all chiefly, Col 3:14 : this he sets, as the principal part of the Christian armour, against the greatest temptations, fiery darts, 1Pe 5:8,9 1Jo 5:4 .

Taking the shield of faith: faith, as receiving Christ and the benefits of redemption, is compared to a shield, (under which soldiers were wont to shelter themselves against their enemies’ darts), as being a sort of universal defence covering the whole man, and guarding even the other parts of our spiritual armour.

Fiery darts it seems to be an allusion to the poisoned darts some barbarous nations were wont to use, which inflamed the bodies they hit. By them he means all those violent temptations which inflame men’ s lusts. These fiery darts of temptations faith is said to quench, when, by the help of grace obtained of Christ, it overcomes them.

Of the wicked the devil, Mat 13:19 .

Poole: Eph 6:17 - -- Take the helmet of salvation : salvation, for the hope of salvation, 1Th 5:8 . This follows faith, and is of kin to it. Soldiers dare not fight wi...

Take the helmet of salvation : salvation, for the hope of salvation, 1Th 5:8 . This follows faith, and is of kin to it. Soldiers dare not fight without their helmet: despair, to which the devil tempts us, makes us quit our combat; whereas hope of salvation makes us lift up our heads in the midst of temptations and afflictions. This likewise alludes to Isa 59:17 .

The sword of the Spirit either the spiritual sword, the war being spiritual, and the enemy spiritual, or rather the sword which the Spirit of God furnisheth us with, and makes effectual in our hands.

Which is the word of God the doctrine of God in the Scripture, called a two-edged sword, Rev 1:16 2:12 ; which enters into the soul, and divides between the most inward affections, Heb 4:12 , and cuts the sinews of the strongest temptations, Mat 4:4,7,10 ; and conquers the devil, while it rescues sinners from under his power. This relates to Isa 49:2 .

Poole: Eph 6:18 - -- Praying always i.e. in every opportunity, so often as our own or others’ necessities call us to it, 1Th 5:17 . With all prayer and supplicatio...

Praying always i.e. in every opportunity, so often as our own or others’ necessities call us to it, 1Th 5:17 .

With all prayer and supplication prayer, when opposed to supplication, seems to signify petitioning for good things, and supplication the deprecating of evil, 1Ti 2:1 .

In the Spirit either our own spirit, with which we pray, so as not to draw nigh to God with our mouth only, as Isa 29:13 ; or rather, the Holy Spirit of God, by whose assistance we pray, Rom 8:26,27 Jude 1:20 .

Watching thereunto to prayer, in opposition to sloth and security: see Mat 26:41 Col 4:2 1Pe 4:7 .

With all perseverance constancy and continuance in prayer in every condition, adverse as well as prosperous, though prayer be not presently answered, Luk 18:1 .

And supplication for all saints not only for ourselves, but for our brethren in the world, none being in so good a condition but they may need our prayers.

Poole: Eph 6:19 - -- Utterance or speech, viz. both the things I am to speak, and the faculty of speaking as becomes the matter I deliver. That I may open my mouth or, ...

Utterance or speech, viz. both the things I am to speak, and the faculty of speaking as becomes the matter I deliver.

That I may open my mouth or, in or unto the opening of my mouth, i.e. full and free profession of the truth, without shame or fear.

Boldly either, freely and confidently, the same as before in other words; or, openly and plainly, in opposition to speaking closely and in secret, Mar 8:32 Joh 11:14 ; and so it may have respect to the removing of his bonds, which were the present impediment of his so speaking.

Poole: Eph 6:20 - -- For which I am an ambassador in bonds for which gospel I still continue, though a prisoner, in the embassy committed to me by Christ. That therein I...

For which I am an ambassador in bonds for which gospel I still continue, though a prisoner, in the embassy committed to me by Christ.

That therein I may speak boldly this may imply not only free speaking, but free acting in all things whereby the gospel may be propagated.

Poole: Eph 6:21 - -- But that ye also as well as other churches, may know my affairs how I am used by the Romans in my bonds. How I do or rather, what I do, i.e. how ...

But that ye also as well as other churches,

may know my affairs how I am used by the Romans in my bonds.

How I do or rather, what I do, i.e. how I behave myself: see Act 28:30,31 .

Faithful minister : minister is here taken in a large sense, for any that labour in the gospel, such as were not only ordinary pastors, but evangelists and apostles themselves.

Poole: Eph 6:22 - -- That ye might not faint at my tribulations, Eph 3:13 . It might be a comfort to them to hear that Paul was well used, (setting aside his bonds), an...

That ye might not faint at my tribulations, Eph 3:13 . It might be a comfort to them to hear that Paul was well used, (setting aside his bonds), and had liberty to preach to those that came to him.

Poole: Eph 6:23 - -- He prays for their continuance and increase in these graces, which already were begun in them.

He prays for their continuance and increase in these graces, which already were begun in them.

Poole: Eph 6:24 - -- This is more extensive than the former, he prays here for all true believers every where. In sincerity or, with incorruption, i.e. so as that noth...

This is more extensive than the former, he prays here for all true believers every where.

In sincerity or, with incorruption, i.e. so as that nothing can draw them off from the love of Christ, and so it implies constancy as well as sincerity.

Written from Rome unto the Ephesians by Tychicus

PBC: Eph 6:13 - -- See Philpot: THE WHOLE ARMOUR OF GOD

See Philpot: THE WHOLE ARMOUR OF GOD

PBC: Eph 6:19 - -- Brethren, I want you to think about my needs, that they'll all be met.  I want you to think about my situation so that the path will be a little smo...

Brethren, I want you to think about my needs, that they'll all be met.  I want you to think about my situation so that the path will be a little smoother, that the Lord will make things a little easier for me?  No! 

Look what he's asking them to pray for regarding his own effort.  Pray for me that utterance may be given unto me, that the Lord may bless me in my speaking, that I may open my mouth boldly to make known the mystery of the gospel for which I am an ambassador in bonds that therein I may speak boldly as I ought to speak.  I want to have utterance.  I want to have the blessing and anointing of the Spirit of God that I may be able to speak.

Haydock: Eph 6:14 - -- Your loins....with truth, both as to doctrine and a good life, keeping your baptismal promises. --- Having on the breastplate of justice, not only ...

Your loins....with truth, both as to doctrine and a good life, keeping your baptismal promises. ---

Having on the breastplate of justice, not only of the particular virtue of justice, but of all virtues in general. (Witham)

Haydock: Eph 6:15 - -- Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel; i.e. prepared to walk in the ways of the gospel, as a soldier must be prepared and in readiness to...

Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel; i.e. prepared to walk in the ways of the gospel, as a soldier must be prepared and in readiness to march or fight. (Witham)

Haydock: Eph 6:16 - -- The shield of faith. A lively faith working by charity, which will enable you to conquer your greatest enemies, and to escape their fiery darts, the...

The shield of faith. A lively faith working by charity, which will enable you to conquer your greatest enemies, and to escape their fiery darts, their greatest temptations, and attacks. (Witham)

Haydock: Eph 6:24 - -- Who love our Lord Jesus Christ. Literally, "in incorruption;" with purity of heart and mind. (Witham) ====================

Who love our Lord Jesus Christ. Literally, "in incorruption;" with purity of heart and mind. (Witham)

====================

Gill: Eph 6:13 - -- Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God,.... This is a repetition of the exhortation in Eph 6:11; which repetition seems necessary by reason o...

Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God,.... This is a repetition of the exhortation in Eph 6:11; which repetition seems necessary by reason of the many powerful enemies mentioned in the preceding verse, and serves to explain what is meant by putting it on: and leads on the apostle to give an account of the several parts of this armour: the end of taking it is much the same as before,

that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day; that is, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles and stratagems of Satan, against his power and might, to oppose his schemes, and resist his temptations: and so the Syriac version renders it, "that ye may be able to meet the evil one"; to face him, and give him battle, being accoutred with the whole armour of God; though the Greek copies, and other versions, read, "in the evil day"; in which sin and iniquity abound, error and heresy prevail, Satan is very busy, trials and afflictions come on, persecution arises because of the word, and God's judgments are in the earth:

and having done all to stand; or having overcome, having routed the enemy, stand as conquerors; or rather, having took and put on the whole armour of God, in order to stand, and withstand the enemy.

Gill: Eph 6:14 - -- Stand therefore,.... Keep your ground, do not desert the army, the church of Christ, nor his cause; continue in the station in which you are placed, k...

Stand therefore,.... Keep your ground, do not desert the army, the church of Christ, nor his cause; continue in the station in which you are placed, keep your post, be upon your watch, stand upon your guard:

having your loins girt about with truth; by which is meant the Gospel, and the several doctrines of it; see Eph 1:13; and to have the loins girt with it, shows, that it should be near and close to the saints, and never departed from; and that it is a means of keeping them close to God and Christ, and of strengthening them against the assaults and attacks of Satan; and is of great use in the Christians' spiritual conflict with their enemies; the girdle is a part of armour, and so considerable as sometimes to be put for the whole, Isa 5:27; and here it is mentioned in the first place:

and having on the breastplate of righteousness; in allusion to Isa 59:17, meaning not works of righteousness done by men, though these are a fence when rightly used against the reproaches and charges of the enemy, as they were by Samuel, 1Sa 12:3, but rather the graces of faith and love, 1Th 5:8, though faith has another place in the Christian armour, afterwards mentioned; wherefore it seems best to understand this of the righteousness of Christ, which being imputed by God, and received by faith, is a guard against, and repels the accusations and charges of Satan, and is a security from all wrath and condemnation.

Gill: Eph 6:15 - -- And your feet shod with the preparation of the Gospel of peace. The Gospel is so called, because it makes men to be of peaceable tempers and behaviour...

And your feet shod with the preparation of the Gospel of peace. The Gospel is so called, because it makes men to be of peaceable tempers and behaviour, and gives peace to distressed minds: it directs the way to eternal peace, and publishes peace made by the blood of Christ; and has a much better claim to this name, and epithet, than the law has, which is often called "peace" by the Jews l: the "preparation" of it does not design a promptitude or readiness to preach the Gospel, or to receive it, or profess it, or to give a reason of faith in it, or to endure reproach and persecution for it; nor that readiness which the Gospel is a means of, as for every good work, for the spiritual warfare, for the Christian's journey heavenward, or for heaven itself: but the word ετοιμασια signifies a "base", or foundation; and so it is used by the Septuagint interpreters on Zec 5:11; and here it designs a firm and solid knowledge of the Gospel, as it publishes peace by Jesus Christ, which yields a sure foundation for the Christian soldier to set his foot upon, and stand fast on; it being that to him, as the shoe is to the foot, its base or foundation: and for the feet to be "shod with" it, does not mean the outward conversation being agreeably to the Gospel, though such a walk and conversation is very beautiful and safe, and such may walk and war with intrepidity: but it designs the constant and firm standing of believers in the faith of the Gospel, and so striving and contending for it, without being moved from it, that it may continue with them. Shoes or boots, which were sometimes of iron, and sometimes of brass, are reckoned among the armour of soldiers m.

Gill: Eph 6:16 - -- Above all, taking the shield of faith,.... Which may be understood either of the grace of faith, which is like a golden shield, precious, solid, and s...

Above all, taking the shield of faith,.... Which may be understood either of the grace of faith, which is like a golden shield, precious, solid, and substantial; and like a shield of mighty men, by which mighty things are done, and by which the believer not only repels, but conquers the enemy. The Jews say n, that repentance and good works are as a shield against divine vengeance: or rather of the object of faith, that which faith makes use of as a shield; so God himself is a shield, Gen 15:1; his divine perfections, as his power, faithfulness, truth, and immutability, which encompass the saints as a shield, and are opposed by faith to the temptations of Satan; also the love and favour of God, Psa 5:12; and particularly God in his word, Pro 30:5, which is a shield against false doctrines, and the wiles of Satan. Moreover, Christ is a shield, Psa 84:11; and faith makes rise of him as a shield, his person, blood, righteousness, and sacrifice; which it holds up and opposes to all the charges and objections of Satan; and who is the saints' protection, and security from the wrath of God, divine justice, and eternal death. The disciples of the wise men are said to be o תריסון, "shielded men", who, as the gloss says fight in the war of the law; but they are not like Christ's disciples, who have on the shield, and fight the fight of faith: and this is "above all" to be taken, as being the most useful part of the Christian armour; or "with all", with the rest, this is to be taken, and by no means to be neglected; and it is to be used "in all"; in every temptation of Satan, in every conflict with that enemy, or any other.

Wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked; of the wicked one, Satan; who was the first wicked one, and the tempter of others to wickedness; and is emphatically the wicked one, being wickedness itself; and his temptations are "fiery darts": they may be compared to "darts", because they sometimes come suddenly and swiftly and thick and fast, are very numerous, and where they stick are very troublesome and grieving; see Gen 49:23. And they may be said to be "fiery", because they serve to inflame the mind, and excite to sin, as lust, anger, revenge, and the like; and were they not repelled, would be the occasion of bringing into everlasting burnings. The allusion is to βελεσι πεπυρωμενοις, "the fiery darts", cast by enemies into towns, and upon houses, in order to burn them p. Mention is also made of גירי דאשא, "fiery darts", with the Jews q, and of Satan's casting a dart at David r: from these customs, and ways of speaking, the apostle borrows his phrases; and suggests, that the shield of faith is of use to quench the fiery darts of Satan's temptations; so that they may not have the malignant influence they are designed for; which is chiefly done by faith's dealing with the blood of Christ. And there were ways of quenching the fiery darts alluded to; which was done by skins and hides of beasts made wet, or anointed with alum s.

Gill: Eph 6:17 - -- And take the helmet of salvation,.... Meaning either Christ himself, the Saviour; and so the Arabic version renders it, "the helmet of the Saviour": o...

And take the helmet of salvation,.... Meaning either Christ himself, the Saviour; and so the Arabic version renders it, "the helmet of the Saviour": or the salvation itself, which he is the author of, and a well grounded hope of it; see 1Th 5:8; the allusion is to Isa 59:17; and such an hope of salvation by Christ is a defence of the head against false doctrines; for the helmet is a piece of armour for the head; and it is an erecter of the head in times of difficulty, affliction, and distress; and it covers the head in the day of battle, when engaged with Satan, the enemy of souls:

and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God; the word of God is compared to a "sword", for its two edges, the law and Gospel; the one convicts of sin, and cuts to the heart for it, and the other cuts down all the goodliness of man; and the Scriptures in general are a sharp sword, in convincing of sin, reproving for it, and threatening with wrath and ruin, in refuting error and heresy, and repelling Satan's temptations, and will be used in the destruction of antichrist: and this word may be called "the sword of the Spirit", because it is not carnal, but of a spiritual nature; and is used by the spiritual man; and because the Holy Spirit, as the Ethiopic version here expresses it, is the author of it; and which he furnishes the saints with, and teaches them how to make use of, and makes it powerful and effectual. So the Jews say t, the words of the law are like to a sword, and speak of חרב תורה "the sword of the law" u.

Gill: Eph 6:18 - -- Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the spirit,.... The last weapon is prayer, and takes in all sorts of prayer, mental and vocal, publ...

Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the spirit,.... The last weapon is prayer, and takes in all sorts of prayer, mental and vocal, public and private; and every branch of it, as deprecation of evils, petitions for good things, and thanksgiving for mercies: and which should be used always: this stands opposed to such who pray not at all, or who have prayed, but have left it off; or who pray only in distress, and it suggests, that a man should pray as often as he has an opportunity; and particularly, that he should make use of it in times of darkness, desertion, and temptation: and this, when performed aright, is performed "in the Spirit"; with the heart, soul, and spirit engaged in it; it is put up with a true heart, and a right spirit, and without hypocrisy; in a spiritual way, and with fervency, and under the influence, and by the assistance of the Spirit of God.

And watching thereunto; either to the word, as a direction for prayer, or to prayer itself; for opportunities to pray for the assistance of the Spirit in prayer, for an answer of it, and to return thanks for blessings when bestowed; and against all dependence on it, and against Satan's temptations, and our own corruptions with respect to it:

with all perseverance; in it, notwithstanding what Satan and an unbelieving heart may suggest to the contrary:

and supplication for all saints; of every nation, age, sex, and condition, in all places, and of every denomination. So Christ taught his disciples to pray, saying, our Father, suggesting, that they were not only to pray for themselves, but for all the children of God.

Gill: Eph 6:19 - -- And for me,.... This shows the great humility of the apostle, and the sense he had of the greatness of the work of the ministry; and that it is the du...

And for me,.... This shows the great humility of the apostle, and the sense he had of the greatness of the work of the ministry; and that it is the duty of people to pray for their ministers; and that no man is perfect in this life; and that the more superior members need the assistance of the inferior ones; for this request is made by the apostle not in dissimulation, or as feigning humility and modesty; but in the sincerity of his heart, and from a real sense of his need of fresh supplies of gifts and grace, to fit him for the work and service of Christ:

that utterance may be given unto me, or "that the word"; meaning not the subject matter of the ministry, the word of the Gospel, the word of faith, truth, and reconciliation, for that was committed to him; unless he should mean an increase of light and knowledge in it; but rather a faculty of speaking it freely and aptly, and what is commonly called elocution; not speaking with the enticing words of man's wisdom, but with the words of the Holy Ghost: or else an opportunity of preaching the word, and liberty to do it, as follows;

that I may open my mouth boldly; or "in the opening of my mouth"; the phrase is Rabbinical. The Jews w say, that when Moses came to write that passage, "let us make man in our image", &c. Gen 1:26, he said before the Lord of the world, why dost thou give פתחון פה, "opening of the mouth", to heretics? i.e. an occasion to them of speaking, objecting to us, and of reproving and convincing us with respect to a plurality of persons in the Deity: and a little after they say,

"wherever you פתחון פה, "an opening of the mouth to heretics", you will find an answer by its side, or along with it.''

Now the apostle desired he might have something to say, to object to, and to reprove and convince the unbelieving Jews; that he might do this with boldness, with all faithfulness with Courage, and intrepidity, and with freedom of speech; or "openly" and "publicly", as the Syriac version renders it:

to make known, the mystery of the Gospel; or the mysterious doctrines of it, such as the doctrines of a trinity of persons, of the union of the two natures in Christ, justification by his righteousness, regeneration by his Spirit and grace, the saints' union to Christ, and communion with him, the resurrection of the dead, &c. which are called mysteries, because they were hid until revealed; and though revealed, the "modus" and "ratio" of them are not to be accounted for. Now the apostle's work was to make known these mysteries, to prove the truth of them from the word of God, and to defend them against the opposers of them; and that he might be able to do this he entreats the prayers of the saints.

Gill: Eph 6:20 - -- For which I am an ambassador in bonds,.... The character the apostle bore was that of an ambassador; and he was an ambassador from and for Christ, in ...

For which I am an ambassador in bonds,.... The character the apostle bore was that of an ambassador; and he was an ambassador from and for Christ, in his room and stead; he represented him, he was sent by him, and entrusted by him with the Gospel; he gave him it, and a commission to preach it, and furnished him with qualifications for it; such as knowledge and faithfulness wisdom and prudence, courage and greatness of mind; and made his embassy successful: and he was chiefly an ambassador to the Gentiles, which showed great condescension in Christ to send him to them, and base ingratitude in the despisers and rejecters of the Gospel, for which he was an ambassador; for the embassy Christ's ministers are sent on, is the embassy of the Gospel of peace: their business is to declare that men by nature are enemies to God; that peace is made by the blood of Christ for such; by which means they are made useful to conciliate the minds of men to God's way of salvation and to bring them to submit to his government and laws: and when he adds, "in bonds", or "in a chain", he means, that he was in such circumstances, not for any crime, but for the Gospel, for which he was an ambassador; and therefore was not ashamed of his bonds, or chain, but rather gloried in them; and he makes mention of them to engage persons to a regard to him as an ambassador, and to his embassy; for an ambassador, especially an ambassador of Christ, that comes with his Gospel, and more especially that is suffering for it, ought to be received, heard, and honoured.

That therein I may speak boldly as I ought to speak; that is, the apostle beseeches the saints to pray for him, that since he was an ambassador for the Gospel, and in bonds, that he might speak in it, or rather of it boldly and freely; that he might have both liberty from his bonds, and liberty in his soul, and freedom of speech; and that he might use boldness in delivering his message, as became an ambassador of Jesus Christ.

Gill: Eph 6:21 - -- But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do,.... Both his temporal and spiritual affairs; as that he was in bonds, and how he was supported un...

But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do,.... Both his temporal and spiritual affairs; as that he was in bonds, and how he was supported under them, and of what use they were to others; how that he preached in his own hired house, and with what success; and what ministering brethren he had with him to assist him; and in what condition was the church at Rome where he now was: the apostle's life and actions would bear the light, and what he did was worthy of imitation, and must be both delightful and useful to know; and the account he sends, by a messenger hereafter named, of whom he gives the following character, that credit might be the more readily given to his relation:

Tychicus, a beloved brother, and faithful minister in the Lord,

shall make known to you all things. This Tychicus was of Asia, who accompanied the apostle in his travels, and went with him to Rome, from whence he sent him to several places to relate his case, and to know the state of the churches, Col 4:7. He calls him "a beloved brother": he was a "brother", because he was a partaker of the same grace, was of the same family and household of God, and was of the same function, being a minister of the Gospel, and was a "beloved" one: he was beloved of God and Christ, and of all the saints that knew him, and especially a brother beloved of the Apostle Paul; and where there is brotherhood, there should be love: he also styles him a "faithful minister in the Lord"; he was a "minister" in the work and service of the Lord, in things pertaining to him; he was one of his appointing, qualifying, and sending; and he preached Christ, and him crucified; and was a "faithful" one, to his Lord or master, in whose name he ministered, to the Gospel which he ministered, and to the souls of men to whom he ministered; and a greater character he could not well have; and therefore it need not be doubted but that he would faithfully relate all things concerning the apostle, and what he said might be depended on as truth.

Gill: Eph 6:22 - -- Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose,.... Which shows the great concern the apostle had for the churches, being willing to inform them of ev...

Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose,.... Which shows the great concern the apostle had for the churches, being willing to inform them of everything that might be for their use and service:

that ye might know our affairs; temporal and spiritual, and not only the apostle's affairs, but the affairs of those that were with him, who were concerned in the same common cause:

and that he might comfort your hearts; both by such a relation, and by the ministry of the Gospel to them: believers in Christ are sometimes disconsolate, by reason of indwelling sin, Satan's temptations, the hidings of God's face, afflictions and persecutions, their own sufferings, and those of others; and it is the business of the ministers of Christ to comfort them; their commission is to speak comfortably to them; and they are qualified for it, by inward comforts in their own souls; the Gospel they preach, and the message they bring, is of a comfortable nature; the Spirit of God acts by them, and with them as a comforter; and sad indeed is the state of Zion, or the church of Christ, when it has no comforters.

Gill: Eph 6:23 - -- Peace be to the brethren,.... The members of the church at Ephesus, who stood in a spiritual relation to each other; meaning all prosperity outward a...

Peace be to the brethren,.... The members of the church at Ephesus, who stood in a spiritual relation to each other; meaning all prosperity outward and inward, temporal, spiritual, and eternal; especially peace of conscience under the sprinklings of the blood of Christ, and a view of peace made with God by that blood:

and love with faith from God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ; that is, an increase of these graces, and of the exercise of them, is wished for; for otherwise these brethren had both these graces, faith and love; see Eph 1:15; which go together; faith works by love, and love discovers faith, and both are imperfect; faith has something lacking in it, and love is apt to grow cold, and need reviving and increasing; and these, and the increase of them, are from God the Father, who is the God of all grace, and from Jesus Christ, in whom all fulness of grace is; and these things are equally desired from the one as from the other, and shows a plurality of persons in the Godhead, and the equality of Christ with the Father; and such a wish expresses the apostle's great love and affection for the brethren, and points out the things they stand in need of; and which, being asked for such, might be expected to be enjoyed.

Gill: Eph 6:24 - -- Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ,.... Christ is the object of love, and a lovely object he is: he is to be loved because of the...

Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ,.... Christ is the object of love, and a lovely object he is: he is to be loved because of the loveliness of his person, and the transcendent excellencies that are in him; because of his suitableness and fulness as a Saviour; and because of his great love shown to his church and people; and because of the relations he stands in to them, and the communion they have with him: love to Christ is a grace of the Spirit, and is in all believers; and though it is imperfect, and sometimes cold, it will abide for ever; it ought to be universal and superlative; all of Christ is to be loved, and he is to be loved above all: and it shows itself in a value for his Gospel, and the truths of it; in an esteem of his ordinances, and a regard to his commands; in parting with all for Christ, when called for; and in bearing all for his sake; in a well pleasedness in his company and presence, and in a concern for his absence, and in an uneasiness until he is enjoyed again: it should be fervent, and constant, and cordial, and, as here said,

in sincerity; from the heart, and with all the heart, and without hypocrisy; not in word only, but in deed and in truth; which appears when he is loved, as before observed: and the apostle wishes "grace" to all such sincere and hearty lovers of him; by which may be meant a fresh discovery of the free grace, love, and favour of God in Christ to them; and a fresh supply of grace from the fulness of it in Christ; and a larger measure of the grace of the Spirit to carry on the good work begun in them; as well as a continuation of the Gospel of the grace of God with them, and an increase of spiritual gifts. Grace may be connected with the word translated "sincerity", and be rendered "grace with incorruption": or incorruptible grace, as true grace is an incorruptible seed; or "grace with immortality": and so the apostle wishes not only for grace here, but for eternal happiness and glory hereafter; and then closes the epistle with an Amen, as a confirmation and asseveration of the truth of the doctrines contained in it, and as expressive of his earnest desire that the several petitions in it might be granted, and of his faith and confidence that they would be fulfilled.

The subscription,

written from Rome to the Ephesians by Tychicus, seems to be right; for that this epistle is written to the Ephesians, the inscription shows; and that it was written when the apostle was at Rome, appears from Eph 3:1; and that it was sent by Tychicus, seems very likely from Eph 6:21.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Eph 6:13 The term ἀνθίστημι (anqisthmi) carries the idea of resisting or opposing something or someone (BDAG 80 s...

NET Notes: Eph 6:14 Grk “girding your waist with truth.” In this entire section the author is painting a metaphor for his readers based on the attire of a Rom...

NET Notes: Eph 6:15 Grk “in preparation of the gospel of peace.” The genitive τοῦ εὐαγγελίου...

NET Notes: Eph 6:16 The Greek word translated shield (θυρεός, qureos) refers to the Roman soldier’s large rectangular wooden shield, c...

NET Notes: Eph 6:17 The Greek term translated sword (μάχαιρα, macaira) refers to the Roman gladius, a short sword about 2 ft (60 cm) lo...

NET Notes: Eph 6:18 Grk “and toward it.”

NET Notes: Eph 6:19 The infinitive γνωρίσαι (gnwrisai, “to make known”) is functioning epexegetically to further expla...

NET Notes: Eph 6:21 Grk “the things according to me.”

NET Notes: Eph 6:22 Grk “the things concerning us.”

NET Notes: Eph 6:23 Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG...

NET Notes: Eph 6:24 Grk “without corruption.” The term “love” is not found at the end of the sentence, but is supplied to clarify the sense in Eng...

Geneva Bible: Eph 6:13 ( 14 ) Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the ( i ) evil day, and having done all, to stand. ( 14 )...

Geneva Bible: Eph 6:15 And your feet shod with the ( k ) preparation of the gospel of peace; ( k ) The preparation of the Gospel may be as it were shoes to you: and it is v...

Geneva Bible: Eph 6:18 Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the ( l ) Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints; ( ...

Geneva Bible: Eph 6:21 ( 15 ) But that ye also may know my affairs, [and] how I do, Tychicus, a beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, shall make known to you al...

Geneva Bible: Eph 6:24 Grace [be] with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ ( m ) in sincerity. Amen. "[To [the] Ephesians written from Rome, by Tychicus.]" ( m ) Or to...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Eph 6:1-24 - --1 The duty of children towards their parents;5 of servants towards their masters.10 Our life is a warfare, not only against flesh and blood, but also ...

Combined Bible: Eph 6:13 - --Here then is "the full armor of God" for the Saint...It is given that you "may be able to stand...and having done everything you know to do, to remain...

Combined Bible: Eph 6:18 - --Following the context of the previous verse, prayer "in the Spirit" is prayer within the sphere of the Word of God. It is not possible to read into t...

Combined Bible: Eph 6:19 - --Look at the examples given by Paul of what the believers in Ephesus should be praying for regarding his needs... "that words may be given". This is f...

Combined Bible: Eph 6:21 - --Paul is sending them a report in order that they might know how he is and what his work consists of. He is not partitioning for assistance or support...

Combined Bible: Eph 6:23 - --Note that "faith" is from "God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." This is an important statement. "Peace and love" are declared to be their due ...

Maclaren: Eph 6:13 - --The Panoply Of God Take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.'--Eph. 6:1...

Maclaren: Eph 6:14 - --The Girdle Of Truth' Stand, therefore, having girded your loins with truth.'--Eph. 6:14. (R.V.). THE general exhortation here points to the habitual ...

Maclaren: Eph 6:15 - --A Soldier's Shoes Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace.'--Eph. 6:15. PAUL drew the first draft of this picture of the Christian...

Maclaren: Eph 6:16 - --The Shield Of Faith Above all, taking the shield of faith, whereby ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked.'--Eph. 6:16. THERE w...

Maclaren: Eph 6:17 - --The Helmet Of Salvation' Take the helmet of salvation.'--Eph. 6:17. WE may, perhaps, trace a certain progress in the enumeration of the various piece...

Maclaren: Eph 6:23 - --Peace, Love, And Faith Peace be to the brethren, and love with faith.'--Eph. 6:23. THE numerous personal greetings usually found at the close of Paul...

MHCC: Eph 6:10-18 - --Spiritual strength and courage are needed for our spiritual warfare and suffering. Those who would prove themselves to have true grace, must aim at al...

MHCC: Eph 6:19-24 - --The gospel was a mystery till made known by Divine revelation; and it is the work of Christ's ministers to declare it. The best and most eminent minis...

Matthew Henry: Eph 6:10-18 - -- Here is a general exhortation to constancy in our Christian course, and to encourage in our Christian warfare. Is not our life a warfare? It is so; ...

Matthew Henry: Eph 6:19-24 - -- Here, I. He desires their prayers for him, Eph 6:19. Having mentioned supplication for all saints, he puts himself into the number. We must pray f...

Barclay: Eph 6:10-20 - --As Paul takes leave of his people he thinks of the greatness of the struggle which lies before them. Undoubtedly life was much more terrifying for th...

Barclay: Eph 6:21-24 - --As we have seen, the letter to the Ephesians was an encyclical letter and the bearer from church to church was Tychicus. Unlike most of his letters,...

Constable: Eph 4:1--6:21 - --III. THE CHRISTIAN'S CONDUCT 4:1--6:20 Practical application (chs. 4-6) now follows doctrinal instruction (chs. ...

Constable: Eph 6:10-20 - --B. Spiritual warfare 6:10-20 That this section is distinct from the five that precede it is evident from two facts. Paul introduced it differently, an...

Constable: Eph 6:21-24 - --IV. CONCLUSION 6:21-24 Paul's anticipation of his defense before Nero brought him back to the present in his thinking. His exposition of the mystery o...

College: Eph 6:1-24 - --EPHESIANS 6 2. Children and Parents (6:1-4) 1 Children obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2"Honor your father and mother" - which is ...

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Commentary -- Other

Evidence: Eph 6:15 Don’t go barefoot . In Eph 6:11 we are told to put on the whole armor of God. Many Christians are truthful. They have their heart free of sin, the...

Evidence: Eph 6:17 " We must thrust the sword of the Spirit into the hearts of men." Charles Spurgeon

Evidence: Eph 6:18 " Let’s move from theology to kneeology! Power for victory in spiritual warfare is found in prayer." Robert R. Lawrence

Evidence: Eph 6:19 Beware of the subtlety of passive prayer . We have been commanded to preach the gospel. Make sure you don’t pacify a guilty conscience by simply pra...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Ephesians (Book Introduction) The Epistle to the Ephesians From Rome a.d. 63 By Way of Introduction There are some problems of a special nature that confront us about the so-...

JFB: Ephesians (Book Introduction) THE headings (Eph 1:1, and Eph 3:1, show that this Epistle claims to be that of Paul. This claim is confirmed by the testimonies of IRENÆUS, [Against...

JFB: Ephesians (Outline) INSCRIPTION: ORIGIN OF THE CHURCH IN THE FATHER'S ETERNAL COUNSEL, AND THE SON'S BLOODSHEDDING: THE SEALING OF IT BY THE SPIRIT. THANKSGIVING AND PRA...

TSK: Ephesians 6 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Eph 6:1, The duty of children towards their parents; Eph 6:5, of servants towards their masters; Eph 6:10, Our life is a warfare, not onl...

Poole: Ephesians 6 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 6

MHCC: Ephesians (Book Introduction) This epistle was written when St. Paul was a prisoner at Rome. The design appears to be to strengthen the Ephesians in the faith of Christ, and to giv...

MHCC: Ephesians 6 (Chapter Introduction) (Eph 6:1-4) The duties of children and parents. (Eph 6:5-9) Of servants and masters. (Eph 6:10-18) All Christians are to put on spiritual armour aga...

Matthew Henry: Ephesians (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Epistle of St. Paul to the Ephesians Some think that this epistle to the Ephesians was a circular l...

Matthew Henry: Ephesians 6 (Chapter Introduction) In this chapter, I. The apostle proceeds in the exhortation to relative duties which he began in the former, particularly he insists on the duties...

Barclay: Ephesians (Book Introduction) A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LETTERS OF PAUL The Letters Of Paul There is no more interesting body of documents in the New Testament than the letter...

Barclay: Ephesians 6 (Chapter Introduction) Children And Parents (Eph_6:1-4) Children And Parents Eph_6:1-4 (Continued) Masters And Slaves (Eph_6:5-9) Masters And Slaves Eph_6:5-9 (Continue...

Constable: Ephesians (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical background Almost all Christians believed in the Pauline autho...

Constable: Ephesians (Outline) Outline I. Salutation 1:1-2 II. The Christian's calling 1:3-3:21 A. Indi...

Constable: Ephesians Ephesians Bibliography Abbot, T. K. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles to the Ephesians and t...

Haydock: Ephesians (Book Introduction) THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL, THE APOSTLE, TO THE EPHESIANS. INTRODUCTION. Ephesus was a famous city, the metropolis of Asia Minor, upon the Ægean...

Gill: Ephesians (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO EPHESIANS The city of Ephesus is, by Pliny a, called the other light of Asia; Miletus was one, and Ephesus the other: it was the me...

Gill: Ephesians 6 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO EPHESIANS 6 In this chapter the apostle goes on with his exhortations to relative and domestic duties, and considers those of child...

College: Ephesians (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION We are saved by grace through faith! We do not earn our salvation - it is the gift of God. This is the shocking good news of Ephesians. ...

College: Ephesians (Outline) OUTLINE I. DOCTRINE: God's Plan for Salvation - Eph 1:1-3:21 A. God's Blessings - 1:1-23 1. Salutation - 1:1-2 2. Present Blessings in Ch...

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