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Text -- Exodus 34:1-35 (NET)

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Context
The New Tablets of the Covenant
34:1 The Lord said to Moses, “Cut out two tablets of stone like the first, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you smashed. 34:2 Be prepared in the morning, and go up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and station yourself for me there on the top of the mountain. 34:3 No one is to come up with you; do not let anyone be seen anywhere on the mountain; not even the flocks or the herds may graze in front of that mountain.” 34:4 So Moses cut out two tablets of stone like the first; early in the morning he went up to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone. 34:5 The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the Lord by name. 34:6 The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness, 34:7 keeping loyal love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.” 34:8 Moses quickly bowed to the ground and worshiped 34:9 and said, “If now I have found favor in your sight, O Lord, let my Lord go among us, for we are a stiff-necked people; pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance.” 34:10 He said, “See, I am going to make a covenant before all your people. I will do wonders such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in any nation. All the people among whom you live will see the work of the Lord, for it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you. 34:11 “Obey what I am commanding you this day. I am going to drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. 34:12 Be careful not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it become a snare among you. 34:13 Rather you must destroy their altars, smash their images, and cut down their Asherah poles. 34:14 For you must not worship any other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. 34:15 Be careful not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and someone invites you, you will eat from his sacrifice; 34:16 and you then take his daughters for your sons, and when his daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will make your sons prostitute themselves to their gods as well. 34:17 You must not make yourselves molten gods. 34:18 “You must keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you; do this at the appointed time of the month Abib, for in the month Abib you came out of Egypt. 34:19 “Every firstborn of the womb belongs to me, even every firstborn of your cattle that is a male, whether ox or sheep. 34:20 Now the firstling of a donkey you may redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons. “No one will appear before me empty-handed. 34:21 “On six days you may labor, but on the seventh day you must rest; even at the time of plowing and of harvest you are to rest. 34:22 “You must observe the Feast of Weeks– the firstfruits of the harvest of wheat– and the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year. 34:23 At three times in the year all your men must appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel. 34:24 For I will drive out the nations before you and enlarge your borders; no one will covet your land when you go up to appear before the Lord your God three times in the year. 34:25 “You must not offer the blood of my sacrifice with yeast; the sacrifice from the feast of Passover must not remain until the following morning. 34:26 “The first of the firstfruits of your soil you must bring to the house of the Lord your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.” 34:27 The Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.” 34:28 So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread, and he did not drink water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.
The Radiant Face of Moses
34:29 Now when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand– when he came down from the mountain, Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him. 34:30 When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to approach him. 34:31 But Moses called to them, so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and Moses spoke to them. 34:32 After this all the Israelites approached, and he commanded them all that the Lord had spoken to him on Mount Sinai. 34:33 When Moses finished speaking with them, he would put a veil on his face. 34:34 But when Moses went in before the Lord to speak with him, he would remove the veil until he came out. Then he would come out and tell the Israelites what he had been commanded. 34:35 When the Israelites would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone, Moses would put the veil on his face again, until he went in to speak with the Lord.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Aaron a son of Amram; brother of Moses,son of Amram (Kohath Levi); patriarch of Israel's priests,the clan or priestly line founded by Aaron
 · Abib a month in the spring time, about March or April
 · Amorites members of a pre-Israel Semitic tribe from Mesopotamia
 · Canaanite residents of the region of Canaan
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Hittite a person/people living in the land of Syro-Palestine
 · Hivite a person/people descended from Canaan son of Ham son of Noah
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jebusite resident(s) of the town of Jebus (Jerusalem)
 · Moses a son of Amram; the Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them The Law of Moses,a Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them the law
 · Perizzite a people of ancient Canaan in the later territory of Ephraim
 · Sinai a mountain located either between the gulfs of Suez and Akaba or in Arabia, east of Akaba,a mountain; the place where the law was given to Moses


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Moses | ARK OF THE COVENANT | EXODUS, THE BOOK OF, 1 | Tabernacle | Revelation | Israel | TEN COMMANDMENTS, THE | LAW IN THE OLD TESTAMENT | EXODUS, THE BOOK OF, 2 | Passover | God | NUMBER | Transfiguration | CRITICISM | Sabbath | COVENANT, THE NEW | Reverence | Miracles | Law | FIRST-FRUITS | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Exo 34:1 Nothing is said of how God was going to write on these stone tablets at this point, but in the end it is Moses who wrote the words. This is not consid...

NET Notes: Exo 34:2 The same word is used in Exod 33:21. It is as if Moses was to be at his post when Yahweh wanted to communicate to him.

NET Notes: Exo 34:4 The line reads “and Moses got up early in the morning and went up.” These verbs likely form a verbal hendiadys, the first one with its pre...

NET Notes: Exo 34:5 Some commentaries wish to make Moses the subject of the second and the third verbs, the first because he was told to stand there and this verb suggest...

NET Notes: Exo 34:6 These two words (“loyal love” and “truth”) are often found together, occasionally in a hendiadys construction. If that is the ...

NET Notes: Exo 34:7 As in the ten commandments (20:5-6), this expression shows that the iniquity and its punishment will continue in the family if left unchecked. This do...

NET Notes: Exo 34:8 The first two verbs form a hendiadys: “he hurried…he bowed,” meaning “he quickly bowed down.”

NET Notes: Exo 34:9 Heb “it is.” Hebrew uses the third person masculine singular pronoun here in agreement with the noun “people.”

NET Notes: Exo 34:10 The idea is that God will be doing awesome things in dealing with them, i.e., to fulfill his program.

NET Notes: Exo 34:11 Again, this is the futur instans use of the participle.

NET Notes: Exo 34:12 A snare would be a trap, an allurement to ruin. See Exod 23:33.

NET Notes: Exo 34:13 Asherah was a leading deity of the Canaanite pantheon, wife/sister of El and goddess of fertility. She was commonly worshiped at shrines in or near gr...

NET Notes: Exo 34:14 Here, too, the emphasis on God’s being a jealous God is repeated (see Exod 20:5). The use of “name” here is to stress that this is h...

NET Notes: Exo 34:15 There is no subject for the verb. It could be rendered “and one invites you,” or it could be made a passive.

NET Notes: Exo 34:16 In the construction this verb would follow as a possible outcome of the last event, and so remain in the verbal sequence. If the people participate in...

NET Notes: Exo 34:18 The words “do this” have been supplied.

NET Notes: Exo 34:19 The verb basically means “that drops a male.” The verb is feminine, referring to the cattle.

NET Notes: Exo 34:20 The form is the adverb “empty.”

NET Notes: Exo 34:21 The imperfect tense expresses injunction or instruction.

NET Notes: Exo 34:22 The expression is “the turn of the year,” which is parallel to “the going out of the year,” and means the end of the agricultu...

NET Notes: Exo 34:23 The title “Lord” is included here before the divine name (translated “God” here; see Exod 23:17), perhaps to form a contrast w...

NET Notes: Exo 34:24 The expression “three times” is an adverbial accusative of time.

NET Notes: Exo 34:25 See M. Haran, “The Passover Sacrifice,” Studies in the Religion of Ancient Israel (VTSup), 86-116.

NET Notes: Exo 34:26 See the note on this same command in 23:19.

NET Notes: Exo 34:27 Once again the preposition with the suffix follows the imperative, adding some emphasis to the subject of the verb.

NET Notes: Exo 34:28 Heb “the ten words,” though “commandments” is traditional.

NET Notes: Exo 34:29 The word קָרַן (qaran) is derived from the noun קֶרֶן (qeren) in the sense of a “ray...

NET Notes: Exo 34:30 This clause is introduced by the deictic particle הִנֵּה (hinneh); it has the force of pointing to something surpr...

NET Notes: Exo 34:33 Throughout this section the actions of Moses and the people are frequentative. The text tells what happened regularly.

NET Notes: Exo 34:34 The form is the Pual imperfect, but since the context demands a past tense here, in fact a past perfect tense, this is probably an old preterite form ...

NET Notes: Exo 34:35 Heb “with him”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

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