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Text -- Luke 15:1-30 (NET)

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Context
The Parable of the Lost Sheep and Coin
15:1 Now all the tax collectors and sinners were coming to hear him. 15:2 But the Pharisees and the experts in the law were complaining, “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.” 15:3 So Jesus told them this parable: 15:4 “Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, would not leave the ninety-nine in the open pasture and go look for the one that is lost until he finds it? 15:5 Then when he has found it, he places it on his shoulders, rejoicing. 15:6 Returning home, he calls together his friends and neighbors, telling them, ‘Rejoice with me, because I have found my sheep that was lost.’ 15:7 I tell you, in the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need to repent. 15:8 “Or what woman, if she has ten silver coins and loses one of them, does not light a lamp, sweep the house, and search thoroughly until she finds it? 15:9 Then when she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the coin that I had lost.’ 15:10 In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of God’s angels over one sinner who repents.”
The Parable of the Compassionate Father
15:11 Then Jesus said, “A man had two sons. 15:12 The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate that will belong to me.’ So he divided his assets between them. 15:13 After a few days, the younger son gathered together all he had and left on a journey to a distant country, and there he squandered his wealth with a wild lifestyle. 15:14 Then after he had spent everything, a severe famine took place in that country, and he began to be in need. 15:15 So he went and worked for one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs. 15:16 He was longing to eat the carob pods the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything. 15:17 But when he came to his senses he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired workers have food enough to spare, but here I am dying from hunger! 15:18 I will get up and go to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. 15:19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired workers.”’ 15:20 So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still a long way from home his father saw him, and his heart went out to him; he ran and hugged his son and kissed him. 15:21 Then his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ 15:22 But the father said to his slaves, ‘Hurry! Bring the best robe, and put it on him! Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet! 15:23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it! Let us eat and celebrate, 15:24 because this son of mine was dead, and is alive again– he was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate. 15:25 “Now his older son was in the field. As he came and approached the house, he heard music and dancing. 15:26 So he called one of the slaves and asked what was happening. 15:27 The slave replied, ‘Your brother has returned, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he got his son back safe and sound.’ 15:28 But the older son became angry and refused to go in. His father came out and appealed to him, 15:29 but he answered answered his father, ‘Look! These many years I have worked like a slave for you, and I never disobeyed your commands. Yet you never gave me even a goat so that I could celebrate with my friends! 15:30 But when this son of yours came back, who has devoured your assets with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him!’
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Pharisee a religious group or sect of the Jews


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Joy | JESUS CHRIST, 4D | LUKE, THE GOSPEL OF | MEDIATION; MEDIATOR | Jesus, The Christ | ATONEMENT | LOVE | Salvation | Repentant Ones | God | Readings, Select | Young Men | Prodigal Son | Repentance | Afflictions and Adversities | Pharisees | Inheritance | FORGIVENESS | Self-righteousness | Swine | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Luk 15:1 Grk “were drawing near.”

NET Notes: Luk 15:2 Or “accepts,” “receives.” This is not the first time this issue has been raised: Luke 5:27-32; 7:37-50.

NET Notes: Luk 15:3 Grk “parable, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been transla...

NET Notes: Luk 15:4 Until he finds it. The parable pictures God’s pursuit of the sinner. On the image of Jesus as the Good Shepherd, see John 10:1-18.

NET Notes: Luk 15:5 Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

NET Notes: Luk 15:6 Grk “the”; in context the article is used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215). It occurs before “neighbors” as well (“hi...

NET Notes: Luk 15:7 Or “who do not need to repent”; Grk “who do not have need of repentance.”

NET Notes: Luk 15:8 Grk “and sweep,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between ...

NET Notes: Luk 15:9 Grk “drachma.”

NET Notes: Luk 15:10 The whole of heaven is said to rejoice. Joy in the presence of God’s angels is a way of referring to God’s joy as well without having to n...

NET Notes: Luk 15:11 Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Luk 15:12 He divided his assets between them. There was advice against doing this in the OT Apocrypha (Sir 33:20). The younger son would get half of what the ol...

NET Notes: Luk 15:13 Or “estate” (the same word has been translated “estate” in v. 12).

NET Notes: Luk 15:14 Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the sequence of events in the parable. Greek style often begins sentences...

NET Notes: Luk 15:15 To a Jew, being sent to the field to feed pigs would be an insult, since pigs were considered unclean animals (Lev 11:7).

NET Notes: Luk 15:16 Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

NET Notes: Luk 15:17 Grk “bread,” but used figuratively for food of any kind (L&N 5.1).

NET Notes: Luk 15:18 According to BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνωπιον 4.a, “in relation to ἁμαρτάνε ...

NET Notes: Luk 15:19 Or “make me.” Here is a sign of total humility.

NET Notes: Luk 15:20 Grk “him”; the referent (the son) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Luk 15:21 The younger son launches into his confession just as he had planned. See vv. 18-19.

NET Notes: Luk 15:22 The need for sandals underlines the younger son’s previous destitution, because he was barefoot.

NET Notes: Luk 15:23 The participle φαγόντες (fagontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary En...

NET Notes: Luk 15:24 Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the father’s remarks in the preceding verses.

NET Notes: Luk 15:25 This would have been primarily instrumental music, but might include singing as well.

NET Notes: Luk 15:26 The Greek term here, παῖς (pais), describes a slave, possibly a household servant regarded with some affection (L&N 87.77).

NET Notes: Luk 15:27 Grk “him”; the referent (the younger son) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Luk 15:28 Ironically the attitude of the older son has left him outside and without joy.

NET Notes: Luk 15:29 You never gave me even a goat. The older son’s complaint was that the generous treatment of the younger son was not fair: “I can’t g...

NET Notes: Luk 15:30 See note on the phrase “fattened calf” in v. 23.

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