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Text -- Luke 2:1-46 (NET)

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Context
The Census and the Birth of Jesus
2:1 Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus to register all the empire for taxes. 2:2 This was the first registration, taken when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 2:3 Everyone went to his own town to be registered. 2:4 So Joseph also went up from the town of Nazareth in Galilee to Judea, to the city of David called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family line of David. 2:5 He went to be registered with Mary, who was promised in marriage to him, and who was expecting a child. 2:6 While they were there, the time came for her to deliver her child. 2:7 And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in strips of cloth and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.
The Shepherds’ Visit
2:8 Now there were shepherds nearby living out in the field, keeping guard over their flock at night. 2:9 An angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were absolutely terrified. 2:10 But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid! Listen carefully, for I proclaim to you good news that brings great joy to all the people: 2:11 Today your Savior is born in the city of David. He is Christ the Lord. 2:12 This will be a sign for you: You will find a baby wrapped in strips of cloth and lying in a manger.” 2:13 Suddenly a vast, heavenly army appeared with the angel, praising God and saying, 2:14 “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among people with whom he is pleased!” 2:15 When the angels left them and went back to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has taken place, that the Lord has made known to us.” 2:16 So they hurried off and located Mary and Joseph, and found the baby lying in a manger. 2:17 When they saw him, they related what they had been told about this child, 2:18 and all who heard it were astonished at what the shepherds said. 2:19 But Mary treasured up all these words, pondering in her heart what they might mean. 2:20 So the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen; everything was just as they had been told. 2:21 At the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was named Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
Jesus’ Presentation at the Temple
2:22 Now when the time came for their purification according to the law of Moses, Joseph and Mary brought Jesus up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord 2:23 (just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every firstborn male will be set apart to the Lord”), 2:24 and to offer a sacrifice according to what is specified in the law of the Lord, a pair of doves or two young pigeons.
The Prophecy of Simeon
2:25 Now there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon who was righteous and devout, looking for the restoration of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him. 2:26 It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. 2:27 So Simeon, directed by the Spirit, came into the temple courts, and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to do for him what was customary according to the law, 2:28 Simeon took him in his arms and blessed God, saying, 2:29 “Now, according to your word, Sovereign Lord, permit your servant to depart in peace. 2:30 For my eyes have seen your salvation 2:31 that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples: 2:32 a light, for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to your people Israel.” 2:33 So the child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him. 2:34 Then Simeon blessed them and said to his mother Mary, “Listen carefully: This child is destined to be the cause of the falling and rising of many in Israel and to be a sign that will be rejected. 2:35 Indeed, as a result of him the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed– and a sword will pierce your own soul as well!”
The Testimony of Anna
2:36 There was also a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old, having been married to her husband for seven years until his death. 2:37 She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. 2:38 At that moment, she came up to them and began to give thanks to God and to speak about the child to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem. 2:39 So when Joseph and Mary had performed everything according to the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth. 2:40 And the child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom, and the favor of God was upon him.
Jesus in the Temple
2:41 Now Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover. 2:42 When he was twelve years old, they went up according to custom. 2:43 But when the feast was over, as they were returning home, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His parents did not know it, 2:44 but (because they assumed that he was in their group of travelers) they went a day’s journey. Then they began to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. 2:45 When they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him. 2:46 After three days they found him in the temple courts, sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Anna a daughter of Phanuel
 · Asher a tribe of Israel that came from Asher; son of Jacob and Zilpah,the man; son of Jacob and Zilpah,a tribe of Israel or its land
 · Augustus the Roman emperor named Caesar Augustus who was ruling when Christ was born,an honorary title used for Roman emperors
 · Bethlehem a town 8 km south of Jerusalem,a town of Zebulun 10 km west of Nazareth and 15 km SW of Cana SMM,a town of Judah 8 km south. of Jerusalem
 · Caesar a title held by Roman emperors
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Galilee the region of Palestine north of Sameria and west of the upper Jordan River,a region west of Lake Galilee and north of the Jezreel Valley
 · Gentile a non-Jewish person
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin
 · Joseph the husband of Mary and foster-father of Jesus,a Jewish man from Arimathea in whose grave the body of Jesus was laid,two different men listed as ancestors of Jesus,a man nominated with Matthias to take the place of Judas Iscariot as apostle,a son of Jacob and Rachel; the father of Ephraim and Manasseh and ruler of Egypt,a brother of Jesus; a son of Mary,a man who was a companion of Paul,son of Jacob and Rachel; patriarch of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh,a tribe, actually two tribes named after Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh,father of Igal, of Issachar, who helped spy out Canaan,son of Asaph the Levite; worship leader under Asaph and King David,a man who put away his heathen wife; an Israelite descended from Binnui,priest and head of the house of Shebaniah under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah
 · Judea a region that roughly corresponded to the earlier kingdom of Judah
 · Mary mother of Jesus and wife of Joseph,a woman from Magdala in Galilee,the mother of James and Joses,the wife of Cleophas,the sister of Lazarus and Martha in Bethany,the mother of John Mark who was a nephew of Barnabas,a Christian woman in Rome who helped Paul
 · Moses a son of Amram; the Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them The Law of Moses,a Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them the law
 · Nazareth a town in lower Galilee about halfway between the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean Sea
 · Passover a Jewish religious feast. It may also refer to the lamb sacrificed and eaten at the feast.
 · Phanuel the father of the prophetess Anna
 · Quirinius the governor of Syria at the time of Jesus' birth
 · Simeon a son of Jonas and brother of Andrew; an apostle of Jesus Christ,a man who was one of the apostles of Christ and also called 'the Zealot',a brother of Jesus,a man who was a well-know victim of leprosy who had been healed by Jesus (NIV note),a man from Cyrene who was forced to carry the cross of Jesus,a Pharisee man in whose house Jesus' feet were washed with tears and anointed,the father of Judas Iscariot,a man who was a sorcerer in Samaria and who wanted to buy the gifts of the Spirit,a man who was a tanner at Joppa and with whom Peter was staying when Cornelius sent for him
 · Syria the country to the north of Palestine,a country of north western Mesopotamia


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Jesus, The Christ | JOSEPH, HUSBAND OF MARY | JESUS CHRIST, 4A | Joseph | Simeon | Mary | Temple | Jesus | Shepherd | Religion | Manger | ESSENES | Angel | PAPYRUS | Faith | Jonah, Book of | Joy | LAW IN THE NEW TESTAMENT | Bethlehem | HOLY SPIRIT, 2 | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Luk 2:1 Grk “the whole (inhabited) world,” but this was a way to refer to the Roman empire (L&N 1.83).

NET Notes: Luk 2:2 Or “was a minister of Syria.” This term could simply refer to an administrative role Quirinius held as opposed to being governor (Josephus...

NET Notes: Luk 2:3 Or “hometown” (so CEV).

NET Notes: Luk 2:4 Or “family,” “lineage.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:5 Traditionally, “Mary, his betrothed.” Although often rendered in contemporary English as “Mary, who was engaged to him,” this ...

NET Notes: Luk 2:6 The words “her child” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied to clarify what was being delivered. The wording here is like Luke...

NET Notes: Luk 2:7 There was no place for them in the inn. There is no drama in how this is told. There is no search for a variety of places to stay or a heartless innke...

NET Notes: Luk 2:8 Grk “living in the field (see BDAG 15 s.v. ἀγραυλέω) and guarding their flock.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:9 Terrified. See similar responses in Luke 1:12, 29.

NET Notes: Luk 2:10 Grk “I evangelize to you great joy.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:11 The term χριστός (cristos) was originally an adjective (“anointed”), developing in LXX into a substanti...

NET Notes: Luk 2:12 Or “a feeding trough,” see Luke 2:7.

NET Notes: Luk 2:13 Grk “a multitude of the armies of heaven.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:14 Most witnesses (א2 B2 L Θ Ξ Ψ Ë1,13 Ï sy bo) have ἐν ἀνθρώποις...

NET Notes: Luk 2:15 Note how although angels delivered the message, it was the Lord whose message is made known, coming through them.

NET Notes: Luk 2:16 Or “a feeding trough.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:17 Grk “the word which had been spoken to them.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:18 Grk “marveled.” It is a hard word to translate with one term in this context. There is a mixture of amazement and pondering at work in con...

NET Notes: Luk 2:19 The term συμβάλλουσα (sumballousa) suggests more than remembering. She is trying to put things ...

NET Notes: Luk 2:20 The closing remark just as they had been told notes a major theme of Luke 1-2 as he sought to reassure Theophilus: God does what he says he will do.

NET Notes: Luk 2:21 Jesus’ parents obeyed the angel as Zechariah and Elizabeth had (1:57-66). These events are taking place very much under God’s direction.

NET Notes: Luk 2:22 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: Luk 2:23 An allusion to Exod 13:2, 12, 15.

NET Notes: Luk 2:24 A quotation from Lev 12:8; 5:11 (LXX).

NET Notes: Luk 2:25 Once again, by mentioning the Holy Spirit, Luke stresses the prophetic enablement of a speaker. The Spirit has fallen on both men (Zechariah, 1:67) an...

NET Notes: Luk 2:26 The revelation to Simeon that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Christ is yet another example of a promise fulfilled in Luke 1-2. A...

NET Notes: Luk 2:27 Grk “to do for him according to the custom of the law.” See Luke 2:22-24.

NET Notes: Luk 2:28 Grk “and said.” The finite verb in Greek has been replaced with a participle in English to improve the smoothness of the translation.

NET Notes: Luk 2:29 Grk “now release your servant.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:30 To see Jesus, the Messiah, is to see God’s salvation.

NET Notes: Luk 2:31 Is the phrase all peoples a reference to Israel alone, or to both Israel and the Gentiles? The following verse makes it clear that all peoples include...

NET Notes: Luk 2:32 In other words, Jesus is a special cause for praise and honor (“glory”) for the nation.

NET Notes: Luk 2:33 The term refers to the amazement at what was happening as in other places in Luke 1–2 (1:63; 2:18). The participle is plural, while the finite v...

NET Notes: Luk 2:34 Grk “and for a sign of contradiction.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:35 This remark looks to be parenthetical and addressed to Mary alone, not the nation. Many modern English translations transpose this to make it the fina...

NET Notes: Luk 2:36 Her age is emphasized by the Greek phrase here, “she was very old in her many days.”

NET Notes: Luk 2:37 The statements about Anna worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day make her extreme piety clear.

NET Notes: Luk 2:38 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: Luk 2:39 For location see Map1 D3; Map2 C2; Map3 D5; Map4 C1; Map5 G3.

NET Notes: Luk 2:40 On the phrase the favor of God see Luke 1:66.

NET Notes: Luk 2:41 The custom of Jesus and his family going to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover shows their piety in obeying the law (Exod 23:14-17).

NET Notes: Luk 2:42 Most mss, especially later ones (A Cvid Θ Ψ 0130 Ë1,13 33 Ï lat) have εἰς ῾Ιεροσ ...

NET Notes: Luk 2:43 Most mss, especially later ones (A C Ψ 0130 Ë13 Ï it), read ᾿Ιωσὴφ καὶ ἡ μ&#...

NET Notes: Luk 2:44 Or “and friends.” See L&N 28.30 and 34.17.

NET Notes: Luk 2:45 The return to Jerusalem would have taken a second day, since they were already one day’s journey away.

NET Notes: Luk 2:46 This is the only place in Luke’s Gospel where the term διδάσκαλος (didaskalo", “tea...

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