Text -- Micah 3:1-12 (NET)

God Will Judge Judah’s Sinful Leaders

3:1 I said, “Listen, you leaders of Jacob, you rulers of the nation of Israel! You ought to know what is just, 3:2 yet you hate what is good, and love what is evil. You flay my people’s skin and rip the flesh from their bones. 3:3 You devour my people’s flesh, strip off their skin, and crush their bones. You chop them up like flesh in a pot– like meat in a kettle. 3:4 Someday these sinners will cry to the Lord for help, but he will not answer them. He will hide his face from them at that time, because they have done such wicked deeds.” 3:5 This is what the Lord says: “The prophets who mislead my people are as good as dead. If someone gives them enough to eat, they offer an oracle of peace. But if someone does not give them food, they are ready to declare war on him. 3:6 Therefore night will fall, and you will receive no visions; it will grow dark, and you will no longer be able to read the omens. The sun will set on these prophets, and the daylight will turn to darkness over their heads. 3:7 The prophets will be ashamed; the omen readers will be humiliated. All of them will cover their mouths, for they will receive no divine oracles.” 3:8 But I am full of the courage that the Lord’s Spirit gives, and have a strong commitment to justice. This enables me to confront Jacob with its rebellion, and Israel with its sin. 3:9 Listen to this, you leaders of the family of Jacob, you rulers of the nation of Israel! You hate justice and pervert all that is right. 3:10 You build Zion through bloody crimes, Jerusalem through unjust violence. 3:11 Her leaders take bribes when they decide legal cases, her priests proclaim rulings for profit, and her prophets read omens for pay. Yet they claim to trust the Lord and say, “The Lord is among us. Disaster will not overtake us!” 3:12 Therefore, because of you, Zion will be plowed up like a field, Jerusalem will become a heap of ruins, and the Temple Mount will become a hill overgrown with brush!

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Mic 3:1

¹ tn Heb “heads.”

² tn Heb “house.”

³ tn Heb “Should you not know justice?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course you should!”

NET Notes: Mic 3:2

¹ tn Heb “the ones who.”

² tn Or “good.”

³ tn Or “evil.”

⁴ tn Heb “their skin from upon them.” The referent of the pronoun (“my people,” referring to Jacob and/or the house of Israel, with the Lord as the speaker) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁵ tn Heb “and their flesh from their bones.”

sn Micah compares the social injustice perpetrated by the house of Jacob/Israel to cannibalism, because it threatens the very lives of the oppressed.

NET Notes: Mic 3:3

¹ tn Heb “who.”

² tc The MT reads “and they chop up as in a pot.” The translation assumes an emendation of כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka’asher, “as”) to כִּשְׁאֵר (kish’er, “like flesh”).

NET Notes: Mic 3:4

¹ tn Heb “then they will cry out to the Lord.” The words “Someday these sinners” have been supplied in the translation for clarification.

NET Notes: Mic 3:5

¹ tn Heb “concerning the prophets, those who mislead my people.” The first person pronominal suffix is awkward in a quotation formula that introduces the words of the Lord. For this reason some prefer to begin the quotation after “the Lord says” (cf. NIV), but this leaves “concerning the prophets” hanging very awkwardly at the beginning of the quotation. It is preferable to add הוֹי (hoy, “woe, ah”) at the beginning of the quotation, right after the graphically similar יְהוָה (yÿhvah; see D. R. Hillers, Micah [Hermeneia], 44). The phrase הוֹי עַל (hoy ’al, “woe upon”) occurs in Jer 50:27 and Ezek 13:3 (with “the prophets” following the preposition in the latter instance).

² tn Heb “those who bite with their teeth and cry out, ‘peace.’” The phrase “bite with the teeth” is taken here as idiomatic for eating. Apparently these prophets were driven by mercenary motives. If they were paid well, they gave positive oracles to their clients, but if someone could not afford to pay them, they were hostile and delivered oracles of doom.

³ tn Heb “but [as for the one] who does not place [food] in their mouths, they prepare for war against him.”

NET Notes: Mic 3:6

¹ tn Heb “it will be night for you without a vision.”

sn The coming of night (and darkness in the following line) symbolizes the cessation of revelation.

² tn Heb “it will be dark for you without divination.”

sn The reading of omens (Heb “divination”) was forbidden in the law (Deut 18:10), so this probably reflects the prophets’ view of how they received divine revelation.

³ tn Heb “and the day will be dark over them.”

NET Notes: Mic 3:7

¹ tn Or “seers.”

² tn Or “the mustache,” or perhaps “the beard.” Cf. KJV, NAB, NRSV “cover their lips.”

³ tn Heb “for there will be no answer from God.”

NET Notes: Mic 3:8

¹ sn The prophet Micah speaks here and contrasts himself with the mercenaries just denounced by the Lord in the preceding verses.

² tn Heb “am full of power, the Spirit of the Lord, and justice and strength.” The appositional phrase “the Spirit of the Lord” explains the source of the prophet’s power. The phrase “justice and strength” is understood here as a hendiadys, referring to the prophet’s strong sense of justice.

³ tn Heb “to declare to Jacob his rebellion and to Israel his sin.” The words “this enables me” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

NET Notes: Mic 3:9

¹ tn Heb “house.”

² tn Heb “house.”

³ tn Heb “who.” A new sentence was begun here in the translation for stylistic reasons (also at the beginning of v. 10).

NET Notes: Mic 3:10

¹ tn Heb “who.”

² tn Heb “bloodshed” (so NAB, NASB, NIV); NLT “murder.”

³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: Mic 3:11

¹ sn The pronoun Her refers to Jerusalem (note the previous line).

² tn Heb “judge for a bribe.”

³ tn Heb “they lean upon” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV); NAB “rely on.”

⁴ tn Heb “Is not the Lord in our midst?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course he is!”

⁵ tn Or “come upon” (so many English versions); NCV “happen to us”; CEV “come to us.”

NET Notes: Mic 3:12

¹ tn The plural pronoun refers to the leaders, priests, and prophets mentioned in the preceding verse.

² tn Or “into” (an adverbial accusative of result).

³ tn Heb “the mountain of the house” (so KJV, ASV, NRSV).

⁴ tn Heb “a high place of overgrowth.”