Galatians 1:11

Paul’s Vindication of His Apostleship

1:11 Now ¹  I want you to know, brothers and sisters, ²  that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. ³ 

Galatians 1:23

1:23 They were only hearing, “The one who once persecuted us is now proclaiming the good news ⁴  of the faith he once tried to destroy.”

Galatians 2:13

2:13 And the rest of the Jews also joined with him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray with them ⁵  by their hypocrisy.

Galatians 2:21

2:21 I do not set aside ⁶  God’s grace, because if righteousness ⁷  could come through the law, then Christ died for nothing! ⁸ 

Galatians 3:5

3:5 Does God then give ⁹  you the Spirit and work miracles among you by your doing the works of the law ¹⁰  or by your believing what you heard? ¹¹ 

Galatians 3:11-12

3:11 Now it is clear no one is justified before God by the law, because the righteous one will live by faith. ¹²  3:12 But the law is not based on faith, ¹³  but the one who does the works of the law ¹⁴  will live by them. ¹⁵ 

Galatians 4:3

4:3 So also we, when we were minors, ¹⁶  were enslaved under the basic forces ¹⁷  of the world.

Galatians 4:22

4:22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the ¹⁸  slave woman and the other by the free woman.

Galatians 5:11

5:11 Now, brothers and sisters, ¹⁹  if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? ²⁰  In that case the offense of the cross ²¹  has been removed. ²² 

Galatians 5:22

5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit ²³  is love, ²⁴  joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, ²⁵ 

[1:11]  ¹ tc ‡ The conjunction δέ (de) is found in Ì⁴⁶ א*^,2 A D¹ Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א¹ B D*^,c F G 33 pc lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.

[1:11]  ² tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).

[1:11]  ³ tn Grk “is not according to man.”

[1:23]  ⁴ tn The Greek verb here is εὐαγγελίζεται (euangelizetai).

[2:13]  ⁷ tn The words “with them” are a reflection of the σύν- (sun-) prefix on the verb συναπήχθη (sunaphcqh; see L&N 31.76).

[2:21]  ¹⁰ tn Or “I do not declare invalid,” “I do not nullify.”

[2:21]  ¹¹ tn Or “justification.”

[2:21]  ¹² tn Or “without cause,” “for no purpose.”

[3:5]  ¹³ tn Or “provide.”

[3:5]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “by [the] works of [the] law” (the same phrase as in v. 2).

[3:5]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “by [the] hearing of faith” (the same phrase as in v. 2).

[3:11]  ¹⁶ tn Or “The one who is righteous by faith will live” (a quotation from Hab 2:4).

[3:12]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “is not from faith.”

[3:12]  ²⁰ tn Grk “who does these things”; the referent (the works of the law, see 3:5) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ²¹ sn A quotation from Lev 18:5. The phrase the works of the law is an editorial expansion on the Greek text (see previous note); it has been left as normal typeface to indicate it is not part of the OT text.

[4:3]  ²² tn See the note on the word “minor” in 4:1.

[4:3]  ²³ tn Or “basic principles,” “elemental things,” or “elemental spirits.” Some interpreters take this as a reference to supernatural powers who controlled nature and/or human fate.

[4:22]  ²⁵ tn Paul’s use of the Greek article here and before the phrase “free woman” presumes that both these characters are well known to the recipients of his letter. This verse is given as an example of the category called “well-known (‘celebrity’ or ‘familiar’) article” by ExSyn 225.

[5:11]  ²⁸ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[5:11]  ²⁹ sn That is, if Paul still teaches observance of the Mosaic law (preaches circumcision), why is he still being persecuted by his opponents, who insist that Gentile converts to Christianity must observe the Mosaic law?

[5:11]  ³⁰ sn The offense of the cross refers to the offense to Jews caused by preaching Christ crucified.

[5:11]  ³¹ tn Or “nullified.”

[5:22]  ³¹ tn That is, the fruit the Spirit produces.

[5:22]  ³² sn Another way to punctuate this is “love” followed by a colon (love: joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control). It is thus possible to read the eight characteristics following “love” as defining love.

[5:22]  ³³ tn Or “reliability”; see BDAG 818 s.v. πίστις 1.a.