Genesis 14:14-17
nephew <0251> [his brother.]
mobilized <07324> [armed. or, led forth.]
trained <02593> [trained. or, instructed. born.]
Dan <01835> [Dan.]
divided <02505> [And he.]
defeated <05221> [smote.]
Damascus <01834> [Damascus.]
meet <07125> [to.]
After <0310> [after.]
kings ....... king ................. King's <04428> [king's.]
Joshua 8:1-29
afraid .... panic <03372 02865> [Fear not.]
Take .... army ...................... people <03947 05971> [take all.]
It would seem, from this verse, that all that were capable of bearing arms were to march out of the camp on this occasion: 30,000 formed an ambuscade in one place; and 5,000 were placed in another, who all gained their positions in the night. With the rest of the army, Joshua appeared the next morning before Ai, which the men of that city would naturally suppose was the whole of the Israelitish force and, consequently, be the more emboldened to come out and attack them. Some, however, think that 30,000 men were the whole that were employed on this occasion, 5,000 of whom were placed in ambush on the west of the city, between Bethel and Ai (ver. 12,) and, with the rest, Joshua appeared before the city in the morning. The king, seeing but about 25,000 coming against him, though he had but 12,000 persons in the whole city (ver. 25), determined to risk a battle, issued out, and was defeated by stratagem.
See I ... handing <07200 05414> [see, I have.]
Do ... Ai ....... did <05857 06213> [do to Ai.]
[See on ch.]
plunder <07998> [only the spoil.]
Set ... ambush <07760 0693> [lay thee.]
night <03915> [by night.]
ambush <0693> [lie in wait.]
very far <07368 03966> [go not.]
like <07223> [as at.]
retreat <05127> [that we will.]
lured <05423> [drawn. Heb. pulled.]
retreating from us ...... retreat <05127> [They flee.]
Lord <03068> [for the Lord.]
city set <05892 03341> [set the city.]
See ...... orders <07200 06680> [See, I have.]
Bethel <01008> [between.]
[Hai.]
spent <03885> [lodged.]
Bright and early <07925> [rose up.]
five thousand <0505 02568> [five thousand.]
Ai <05857> [of the city. or, of Ai.]
rear <06119> [liers in wait. Heb. lying in wait.]
west <03220> [on the west.]
Ai saw <07200 05857> [Ai saw it.]
realize .... hiding <03045 0693> [he wist not.]
way <01870> [by the way.]
ordered ... chase .... chased <02199 07291> [called together.]
lured away <05423> [drawn away.]
men <0376> [a man.]
Bethel <01008> [Bethel.]
Bethel is not mentioned in the Greek version, and some, with Houbigant and Pilkington, think it was not originally in the Hebrew; because, had the men of Bethel pursued, as well as those of Ai, it would have been said that they left the cities, and not the city, open. The principal strength of Bethel might have been previously taken into Ai, as the strongest place to make a stand in; Bethel being but about three miles westward from Ai.
out ..................... held <05186> [Stretch.]
curved ...................... curved <03591> [the spear.]
The word {keedon} is rendered {clypeum,} a shield or buckler, by the Vulgate but the LXX. translate it [gaison,] which Suidas says, signifies a kind of weapon, [hoion doratos,] like a spear. It may denote a short spear, javelin, or lance; for it is evident that it signifies neither the larger spear nor the shield, because it is distinguished from both.
Joshua may have had a flag or ensign at the end of the spear, which might be seen at a considerable distance when extended, which was the sign agreed upon by him and the ambush.
smoke <06227> [the smoke.]
into <03027> [and they had.]
into <03027> [power. Heb. hand.]
leaving ... survivors <07604 08300> [let none.]
Ai ................. returned ... Ai <07725 05857> [returned unto Ai.]
This must refer to the women, children, and old persons left behind; for it seems that all the effective men had sallied out when they imagined the Israelites had fled. (ver. 16.)
Joshua <03091> [Joshua.]
Joshua seems to have been not only the general but the standard-bearer of the army, (ver. 18,) and continued in this employment, by holding up or extending his spear, during the whole of the battle; and did not slacken from the pursuit till the forces of Ai were utterly discomfited. Some commentators, however, understand this action in a figurative sense, like the holding up of Moses' hands, as if it implied that Joshua continued in prayer for the success of his troops, nor ceased till the armies of Ai were annihilated, and the city taken and destroyed.
holding <07725 03027> [drew not.]
cattle <0929> [the cattle.]
orders <06680> [he commanded.]
mound <08510> [an heap.]
day <03117> [unto this day.]
king <04428> [the king.]
The kings of Canaan lay under the same curse as their subjects and probably were more deeply criminal. The reserving of the king of Ai for a solemn execution, would tend to strike terror into the other kings, contribute to the success of Israel, and give their proceedings the stamp of a judicial process, and of executing the vengeance of God upon his enemies.
sunset <08121> [as soon.]
large pile <01530 01419> [a great heap.]
Joshua 11:23
Lord <03068> [according to all.]
portions <04256> [according to their.]
land .................. land <0776> [And the land.]
Joshua 11:2
northern <06828> [on the north.]
Kinnereth <03672> [Chinneroth.]
Jerome and others suppose this city to be same as was afterwards called Tiberias, now Tabaria, situated on the western shore of the lake of the same name.
[See on]
[Chinnereth.]
[Gennesaret. Dor.]
Joshua 10:6-19
camp <04264> [to the camp.]
abandon <07503> [Slack.]
subjects <05650> [from thy.]
hill country <02022> [mountains.]
night <03915> [all night.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Gibeon <01391> [at Gibeon.]
Beth Horon <01032> [Beth-horon.]
Azekah <05825> [Azekah.]
Makkedah <04719> [Makkedah.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
sun <08121> [Sun.]
Joshua doubtless acted, on this occasion, by an immediate impulse upon his mind from the Spirit of God. The terms here employed to record the miracle, agree with the accustomed manner in which the the motions of the earth and sun are described in our own day. The sun apparently moves, but really is stationary; while the diurnal movement of the earth on its axis is by us unnoticed, and would not have been known except by astronomical science. The sun appeared to the Israelites over Gibeon, and the moon over the valley of Ajalon, and there they stayed in their course for "a whole day." Many vain enquiries have been made concerning the way in which this miracle was wrought, and many difficulties and objections have been urged against understanding it literally. But the fact is authenticated by the Divine testimony; and the manner in which it was accomplished lies entirely out of our province, because beyond our comprehension.
still <01826> [stand thou. Heb. be silent.]
Aijalon <0357> [Ajalon.]
[Aijalon.]
nation <01471> [until.]
Upright <03477> [Jasher. or, the upright.]
sun ............................. sun <08121> [So the sun.]
day <03117> [there was.]
Lord ....... Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Lord ....... Lord <03068> [for the Lord.]
hid <02244> [and hid.]
cave <04631> [in a cave.]
This information brought to Joshua, is an evidence that there were those of the country, who knew the holes and fastnesses of it, that were in his interests. And the care Joshua took to secure them there, as it is an instance of his policy and presence of mind, even in the heat of action; so, in the success of their project, it shews how they who think to hide themselves from God, not only deceive, but destroy themselves. Their refuge of lies will but bind them over to God's judgment.
delay Chase <05975 07291> [stay ye.]
catch <02179> [smite. Heb. cut off the tail.]
allow .... retreat ........... handing ... over <05414 0935> [suffer them.]
Joshua 10:1
[Adoni-zedec.]
did <06213> [as he had.]
people <03427> [how the.]
Joshua 5:4
Joshua 5:2
flint knives <02719 06697> [sharp knives. or, knives of flints.]
Before the use of iron was common, all the nations of the earth had their edge tools made of stones, flints, etc. Our ancestors had their arrows and spearheads made of flint; which are frequently turned up by the plough. And even when iron became more common, stone knives seem to have been preferred for making incisions in the human body. The Egyptians used such to open the bodies for embalming; and the tribe of Alnajab in Ethiopia, who follow the Mosaic institution, perform the rite of circumcision, according to Ludolf, {cultris lapidibus,} with knives made of stone.
circumcise <04135> [circumcise.]
Joshua 20:1
instructed <01696> [spake.]
Joshua 20:1
instructed <01696> [spake.]
