John 8:1-38

8:1 But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. ¹  8:2 Early in the morning he came to the temple courts again. All the people came to him, and he sat down and began to teach ²  them. 8:3 The experts in the law ³  and the Pharisees ⁴  brought a woman who had been caught committing adultery. They made her stand in front of them 8:4 and said to Jesus, ⁵  “Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of adultery. 8:5 In the law Moses commanded us to stone to death ⁶  such women. ⁷  What then do you say?” 8:6 (Now they were asking this in an attempt to trap him, so that they could bring charges against ⁸  him.) ⁹  Jesus bent down and wrote on the ground with his finger. ¹⁰  8:7 When they persisted in asking him, he stood up straight ¹¹  and replied, ¹²  “Whoever among you is guiltless ¹³  may be the first to throw a stone at her.” 8:8 Then ¹⁴  he bent over again and wrote on the ground.

8:9 Now when they heard this, they began to drift away one at a time, starting with the older ones, ¹⁵  until Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before him. 8:10 Jesus stood up straight ¹⁶  and said to her, “Woman, ¹⁷  where are they? Did no one condemn you?” 8:11 She replied, “No one, Lord.” And Jesus said, “I do not condemn you either. Go, and from now on do not sin any more.”]] ¹⁸ 

Jesus as the Light of the World

8:12 Then Jesus spoke out again, ¹⁹  “I am the light of the world. ²⁰  The one who follows me will never ²¹  walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” 8:13 So the Pharisees ²²  objected, ²³  “You testify about yourself; your testimony is not true!” ²⁴  8:14 Jesus answered, ²⁵  “Even if I testify about myself, my testimony is true, because I know where I came from and where I am going. But you people ²⁶  do not know where I came from or where I am going. ²⁷  8:15 You people ²⁸  judge by outward appearances; ²⁹  I do not judge anyone. ³⁰  8:16 But if I judge, my evaluation is accurate, ³¹  because I am not alone when I judge, ³²  but I and the Father who sent me do so together. ³³  8:17 It is written in your law that the testimony of two men is true. ³⁴  8:18 I testify about myself ³⁵  and the Father who sent me testifies about me.”

8:19 Then they began asking ³⁶  him, “Who is your father?” Jesus answered, “You do not know either me or my Father. If you knew me you would know my Father too.” ³⁷  8:20 (Jesus ³⁸  spoke these words near the offering box ³⁹  while he was teaching in the temple courts. ⁴⁰  No one seized him because his time ⁴¹  had not yet come.) ⁴² 

Where Jesus Came From and Where He is Going

8:21 Then Jesus ⁴³  said to them again, ⁴⁴  “I am going away, and you will look for me ⁴⁵  but will die in your sin. ⁴⁶  Where I am going you cannot come.” 8:22 So the Jewish leaders ⁴⁷  began to say, ⁴⁸  “Perhaps he is going to kill himself, because he says, ‘Where I am going you cannot come.’” 8:23 Jesus replied, ⁴⁹  “You people ⁵⁰  are from below; I am from above. You people are from this world; I am not from this world. 8:24 Thus I told you ⁵¹  that you will die in your sins. For unless you believe that I am he, ⁵²  you will die in your sins.”

8:25 So they said to him, “Who are you?” Jesus replied, ⁵³  “What I have told you from the beginning. 8:26 I have many things to say and to judge ⁵⁴  about you, but the Father ⁵⁵  who sent me is truthful, ⁵⁶  and the things I have heard from him I speak to the world.” ⁵⁷  8:27 (They did not understand that he was telling them about his Father.) ⁵⁸ 

8:28 Then Jesus said, ⁵⁹  “When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he, ⁶⁰  and I do nothing on my own initiative, ⁶¹  but I speak just what the Father taught me. ⁶²  8:29 And the one who sent me is with me. He has not left me alone, ⁶³  because I always do those things that please him.” 8:30 While he was saying these things, many people ⁶⁴  believed in him.

Abraham’s Children and the Devil’s Children

8:31 Then Jesus said to those Judeans ⁶⁵  who had believed him, “If you continue to follow my teaching, ⁶⁶  you are really ⁶⁷  my disciples 8:32 and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” ⁶⁸  8:33 “We are descendants ⁶⁹  of Abraham,” they replied, ⁷⁰  “and have never been anyone’s slaves! How can you say, ⁷¹  ‘You will become free’?” 8:34 Jesus answered them, “I tell you the solemn truth, ⁷²  everyone who practices ⁷³  sin is a slave ⁷⁴  of sin. 8:35 The slave does not remain in the family ⁷⁵  forever, but the son remains forever. ⁷⁶  8:36 So if the son ⁷⁷  sets you free, you will be really free. 8:37 I know that you are Abraham’s descendants. ⁷⁸  But you want ⁷⁹  to kill me, because my teaching ⁸⁰  makes no progress among you. ⁸¹  8:38 I am telling you the things I have seen while with the ⁸²  Father; ⁸³  as for you, ⁸⁴  practice the things you have heard from the ⁸⁵  Father!”

[8:1]  ¹ sn The Mount of Olives is a hill running north to south about 1.8 mi (3 km) long, lying east of Jerusalem across the Kidron Valley. It was named for the large number of olive trees that grew on it.

[8:2]  ² tn An ingressive sense for the imperfect fits well here following the aorist participle.

[8:3]  ³ tn Or “The scribes.” The traditional rendering of γραμματεύς (grammateu") as “scribe” does not communicate much to the modern English reader, for whom the term might mean “professional copyist,” if it means anything at all. The people referred to here were recognized experts in the law of Moses and in traditional laws and regulations. Thus “expert in the law” comes closer to the meaning for the modern reader.

[8:3]  ⁴ sn See the note on Pharisees in 1:24.

[8:4]  ⁵ tn Grk “to him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:5]  ⁶ sn An allusion to Lev 20:10 and Deut 22:22-24.

[8:5]  ⁷ sn The accusers themselves subtly misrepresented the law. The Mosaic law stated that in the case of adultery, both the man and woman must be put to death (Lev 20:10, Deut 22:22), but they mentioned only such women.

[8:6]  ⁸ tn Grk “so that they could accuse.”

[8:6]  ⁹ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author of 7:53–8:11.

[8:6]  ¹⁰ tn Or possibly “Jesus bent down and wrote an accusation on the ground with his finger.” The Greek verb καταγράφω (katagrafw) may indicate only the action of writing on the ground by Jesus, but in the overall context (Jesus’ response to the accusation against the woman) it can also be interpreted as implying that what Jesus wrote was a counteraccusation against the accusers (although there is no clue as to the actual content of what he wrote, some scribes added “the sins of each one of them” either here or at the end of v. 8 [U 264 700 al]).

[8:7]  ¹¹ tn Or “he straightened up.”

[8:7]  ¹² tn Grk “and said to them.”

[8:7]  ¹³ tn Or “sinless.”

[8:8]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. Greek style often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” but English style generally does not.

[8:9]  ¹⁵ tn Or “beginning from the eldest.”

[8:10]  ¹⁶ tn Or “straightened up.”

[8:10]  ¹⁷ sn Woman was a polite form of address (see BDAG 208-9 s.v. γυνή 1), similar to “Madam” or “Ma’am” used in English in different regions.

[8:11]  ¹⁸ tc The earliest and best mss do not contain 7:53–8:11 (see note on 7:53).

[8:12]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “Then again Jesus spoke to them saying.”

[8:12]  ²⁰ sn The theory proposed by F. J. A. Hort (The New Testament in the Original Greek, vol. 2, Introduction; Appendix, 87-88), that the backdrop of 8:12 is the lighting of the candelabra in the court of women, may offer a plausible setting to the proclamation by Jesus that he is the light of the world. The last time that Jesus spoke in the narrative (assuming 7:53-8:11 is not part of the original text, as the textual evidence suggests) is in 7:38, where he was speaking to a crowd of pilgrims in the temple area. This is where he is found in the present verse, and he may be addressing the crowd again. Jesus’ remark has to be seen in view of both the prologue (John 1:4, 5) and the end of the discourse with Nicodemus (John 3:19-21). The coming of Jesus into the world provokes judgment: A choosing up of sides becomes necessary. The one who comes to the light, that is, who follows Jesus, will not walk in the darkness. The one who refuses to come, will walk in the darkness. In this contrast, there are only two alternatives. So it is with a person’s decision about Jesus. Furthermore, this serves as in implicit indictment of Jesus’ opponents, who still walk in the darkness, because they refuse to come to him. This sets up the contrast in chap. 9 between the man born blind, who receives both physical and spiritual sight, and the Pharisees (John 9:13, 15, 16) who have physical sight but remain in spiritual darkness.

[8:12]  ²¹ tn The double negative οὐ μή (ou mh) is emphatic in 1st century Hellenistic Greek.

[8:13]  ²² sn See the note on Pharisees in 1:24.

[8:13]  ²³ tn Grk “Then the Pharisees said to him.”

[8:13]  ²⁴ sn Compare the charge You testify about yourself; your testimony is not true! to Jesus’ own statement about his testimony in 5:31.

[8:14]  ²⁵ tn Grk “Jesus answered and said to them.”

[8:14]  ²⁶ tn The word “people” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the pronoun (“you”) and verb (“do not know”) in Greek are plural.

[8:14]  ²⁷ sn You people do not know where I came from or where I am going. The ignorance of the religious authorities regarding Jesus’ origin works on two levels at once: First, they thought Jesus came from Galilee (although he really came from Bethlehem in Judea) and second, they did not know that he came from heaven (from the Father), and this is where he would return. See further John 7:52.

[8:15]  ²⁸ tn The word “people” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the pronoun and verb (“judge”) in Greek are plural.

[8:15]  ²⁹ tn Or “judge according to external things”; Grk “according to the flesh.” These translations are given by BDAG 916 s.v. σάρξ 5.

[8:15]  ³⁰ sn What is the meaning of Jesus’ statement “I do not judge anyone”? It is clear that Jesus did judge (even in the next verse). The point is that he didn’t practice the same kind of judgment that the Pharisees did. Their kind of judgment was condemnatory. They tried to condemn people. Jesus did not come to judge the world, but to save it (3:17). Nevertheless, and not contradictory to this, the coming of Jesus did bring judgment, because it forced people to make a choice. Would they accept Jesus or reject him? Would they come to the light or shrink back into the darkness? As they responded, so were they judged – just as 3:19-21 previously stated. One’s response to Jesus determines one’s eternal destiny.

[8:16]  ³¹ tn Grk “my judgment is true.”

[8:16]  ³² tn The phrase “when I judge” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the context.

[8:16]  ³³ tn The phrase “do so together” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the context.

[8:17]  ³⁴ sn An allusion to Deut 17:6.

[8:18]  ³⁵ tn Grk “I am the one who testifies about myself.”

[8:19]  ³⁶ tn Grk “Then they were saying to him.” The imperfect verb has been translated with ingressive force here because of the introduction of a new line of questioning by the Pharisees. Jesus had just claimed his Father as a second witness; now his opponents want to know who his father is.

[8:19]  ³⁷ sn If you knew me you would know my Father too. Jesus’ reply is based on his identity with the Father (see also John 1:18; 14:9).

[8:20]  ³⁸ tn Grk “He”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:20]  ³⁹ tn The term γαζοφυλάκιον (gazofulakion) can be translated “treasury” or “treasure room” in this context. BDAG 186 s.v. 1 notes, “It can be taken in this sense J 8:20 (sing.) in (or at) the treasury.” BDAG 186 s.v. 2 argues that the occurrences of this word in the synoptic gospels also refer to the treasury: “For Mk 12:41, 43; Lk 21:1 the mng. contribution box or receptacle is attractive. Acc. to Mishnah, Shekalim 6, 5 there were in the temple 13 such receptacles in the form of trumpets. But even in these passages the general sense of ‘treasury’ is prob., for the contributions would go [into] the treasury via the receptacles.” Based upon the extra-biblical evidence (see sn following), however, the translation opts to refer to the actual receptacles and not the treasury itself.

[8:20]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “the temple.”

[8:20]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “his hour.”

[8:20]  ⁴² sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[8:21]  ⁴³ tn Grk “He”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:21]  ⁴⁴ tn The expression οὖν πάλιν (oun palin) indicates some sort of break in the sequence of events, but it is not clear how long. The author does not mention the interval between 8:12-20 and this next recorded dialogue. The feast of Tabernacles is past, and the next reference to time is 10:22, where the feast of the Dedication is mentioned. The interval is two months, and these discussions could have taken place at any time within that interval, as long as one assumes something of a loose chronological framework. However, if the material in the Fourth Gospel is arranged theologically or thematically, such an assumption would not apply.

[8:21]  ⁴⁵ tn Grk “you will seek me.”

[8:21]  ⁴⁶ tn The expression ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ὑμῶν ἀποθανεῖσθε (en th Jamartia Jumwn apoqaneisqe) is similar to an expression found in the LXX at Ezek 3:18, 20 and Prov 24:9. Note the singular of ἁμαρτία (the plural occurs later in v. 24). To die with one’s sin unrepented and unatoned would be the ultimate disaster to befall a person. Jesus’ warning is stern but to the point.

[8:22]  ⁴⁷ tn Or “the Jewish authorities”; Grk “the Jews.” In NT usage the term ᾿Ιουδαῖοι (Ioudaioi) may refer to the entire Jewish people, the residents of Jerusalem and surrounding territory, the authorities in Jerusalem, or merely those who were hostile to Jesus. (For further information see R. G. Bratcher, “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John,” BT 26 [1975]: 401-9.) Here the phrase refers to the Jewish authorities or leaders in Jerusalem. It was the Pharisees who had begun this line of questioning in John 8:13, and there has been no clear change since then in the identity of Jesus’ opponents.

[8:22]  ⁴⁸ tn The imperfect verb has been translated with ingressive force (“began to say”) because the comments that follow were occasioned by Jesus’ remarks in the preceding verse about his upcoming departure.

[8:23]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “And he said to them.”

[8:23]  ⁵⁰ tn The word “people” is supplied in English to clarify the plural Greek pronoun and verb.

[8:24]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “thus I said to you.”

[8:24]  ⁵² tn Grk “unless you believe that I am.” In this context there is an implied predicate nominative (“he”) following the “I am” phrase. What Jesus’ hearers had to acknowledge is that he was who he claimed to be, i.e., the Messiah (cf. 20:31). This view is also reflected in English translations like NIV (“if you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be”), NLT (“unless you believe that I am who I say I am”), and CEV (“if you don’t have faith in me for who I am”). For a different view that takes this “I am” and the one in 8:28 as nonpredicated (i.e., absolute), see R. E. Brown, John (AB), 1:533-38. Such a view refers sees the nonpredicated “I am” as a reference to the divine Name revealed in Exod 3:14, and is reflected in English translations like NAB (“if you do not believe that I AM, you will die in your sins”) and TEV (“you will die in your sins if you do not believe that ‘I Am Who I Am’”).

[8:25]  ⁵³ tn Grk “Jesus said to them.”

[8:26]  ⁵⁴ tn Or “I have many things to pronounce in judgment about you.” The two Greek infinitives could be understood as a hendiadys, resulting in one phrase.

[8:26]  ⁵⁵ tn Grk “the one”; the referent (the Father) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:26]  ⁵⁶ tn Grk “true” (in the sense of one who always tells the truth).

[8:26]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “and what things I have heard from him, these things I speak to the world.”

[8:27]  ⁵⁸ sn They did not understand…about his Father is a parenthetical note by the author. This type of comment, intended for the benefit of the reader, is typical of the “omniscient author” convention adopted by the author, who is writing from a postresurrection point of view. He writes with the benefit of later knowledge that those who originally heard Jesus’ words would not have had.

[8:28]  ⁵⁹ tn Grk “Then Jesus said to them” (the words “to them” are not found in all mss).

[8:28]  ⁶⁰ tn Grk “that I am.” See the note on this phrase in v. 24.

[8:28]  ⁶¹ tn Grk “I do nothing from myself.”

[8:28]  ⁶² tn Grk “but just as the Father taught me, these things I speak.”

[8:29]  ⁶³ tn That is, “he has not abandoned me.”

[8:30]  ⁶⁴ tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied for clarity and smoothness in the translation.

[8:31]  ⁶⁵ tn Grk “to the Jews.” In NT usage the term ᾿Ιουδαῖοι (Ioudaioi) may refer to the entire Jewish people, the residents of Jerusalem and surrounding territory (i.e., “Judeans”), the authorities in Jerusalem, or merely those who were hostile to Jesus. (For further information see R. G. Bratcher, “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John,” BT 26 [1975]: 401-9; also BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e.) Here the phrase refers to the Jewish people in Jerusalem who had been listening to Jesus’ teaching in the temple and had believed his claim to be the Messiah, hence, “those Judeans who had believed him.” The term “Judeans” is preferred here to the more general “people” because the debate concerns descent from Abraham (v. 33).

[8:31]  ⁶⁶ tn Grk “If you continue in my word.”

[8:31]  ⁶⁷ tn Or “truly.”

[8:32]  ⁶⁸ tn Or “the truth will release you.” The translation “set you free” or “release you” (unlike the more traditional “make you free”) conveys more the idea that the hearers were currently in a state of slavery from which they needed to be freed. The following context supports precisely this idea.

[8:33]  ⁶⁹ tn Grk “We are the seed” (an idiom).

[8:33]  ⁷⁰ tn Grk “They answered to him.”

[8:33]  ⁷¹ tn Or “How is it that you say.”

[8:34]  ⁷² tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”

[8:34]  ⁷³ tn Or “who commits.” This could simply be translated, “everyone who sins,” but the Greek is more emphatic, using the participle ποιῶν (poiwn) in a construction with πᾶς (pas), a typical Johannine construction. Here repeated, continuous action is in view. The one whose lifestyle is characterized by repeated, continuous sin is a slave to sin. That one is not free; sin has enslaved him. To break free from this bondage requires outside (divine) intervention. Although the statement is true at the general level (the person who continually practices a lifestyle of sin is enslaved to sin) the particular sin of the Jewish authorities, repeatedly emphasized in the Fourth Gospel, is the sin of unbelief. The present tense in this instance looks at the continuing refusal on the part of the Jewish leaders to acknowledge who Jesus is, in spite of mounting evidence.

[8:34]  ⁷⁴ tn See the note on the word “slaves” in 4:51.

[8:35]  ⁷⁵ tn Or “household.” The Greek work οἰκία (oikia) can denote the family as consisting of relatives by both descent and marriage, as well as slaves and servants, living in the same house (more the concept of an “extended family”).

[8:35]  ⁷⁶ sn Jesus’ point is that while a slave may be part of a family or household, the slave is not guaranteed a permanent place there, while a son, as a descendant or blood relative, will always be guaranteed a place in the family (remains forever).

[8:36]  ⁷⁷ tn Or “Son.” The question is whether “son” is to be understood as a direct reference to Jesus himself, or as an indirect reference (a continuation of the generic illustration begun in the previous verse).

[8:37]  ⁷⁸ tn Grk “seed” (an idiom).

[8:37]  ⁷⁹ tn Grk “you are seeking.”

[8:37]  ⁸⁰ tn Grk “my word.”

[8:37]  ⁸¹ tn Or “finds no place in you.” The basic idea seems to be something (in this case Jesus’ teaching) making headway or progress where resistance is involved. See BDAG 1094 s.v. χωρέω 2.

[8:38]  ⁸² tc The first person pronoun μου (mou, “my”) may be implied, especially if ὑμῶν (Jumwn, “your”) follows the second mention of “father” in this verse (as it does in the majority of mss); no doubt this implication gave rise to the reading μου found in most witnesses (א D Θ Ψ 0250 Ë^1,13 33 Ï it sy). No pronoun here is read by Ì^66,75 B C L 070 pc. This problem cannot be isolated from the second in the verse, however. See that discussion below.

[8:38]  ⁸³ tn Grk “The things which I have seen with the Father I speak about.”

[8:38]  ⁸⁴ tn Grk “and you.”

[8:38]  ⁸⁵ tc A few significant witnesses lack ὑμῶν (Jumwn, “your”) here (Ì^66,75 B L W 070 pc), while the majority have the pronoun (א C D Θ Ψ 0250 Ë^1,13 33 565 892 Ï al lat sy). However, these mss do not agree on the placement of the pronoun: τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν ποιεῖτε (tou patro" Jumwn poieite), τῷ πατρὶ ὑμῶν (tw patri Jumwn), and τῷ πατρὶ ὑμῶν ταῦτα (tw patri Jumwn tauta) all occur. If the pronoun is read, then the devil is in view and the text should be translated as “you are practicing the things you have heard from your father.” If it is not read, then the same Father mentioned in the first part of the verse is in view. In this case, ποιεῖτε should be taken as an imperative: “you [must] practice the things you have heard from the Father.” The omission is decidedly the harder reading, both because the contrast between God and the devil is now delayed until v. 41, and because ποιεῖτε could be read as an indicative, especially since the two clauses are joined by καί (kai, “and”). Thus, the pronoun looks to be a motivated reading. In light of the better external and internal evidence the omission is preferred.