Joshua 23:1--24:32
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
<02204> [waxed old.]
time ................. old <03117 0935> [stricken in age. Heb. come into days.]
Israel <03478> [all Israel.]
elders <02205> [and for their elders.]
Or, "even for their elders," etc.; for it is probably that Joshua gave the following charge only to the elders, judges, etc., to communicate to the people.
saw <07200> [And ye.]
Lord .............. Lord <03068> [for the.]
See <07200> [Behold.]
west <03996> [westward. Heb. at the sunset.]
drive ... out <01920> [he shall.]
Lord ...................... Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
very ... Carefully <03966> [very.]
swerve <05493> [that ye.]
associate <0935> [That ye come.]
Have no civil or social contacts with them, as these will infallibly lead to spiritual affinities, in consequence of which, ye will make honourable "mention of the name of their gods," "swear by them" "and serve" them in their abominable rites; and "bow yourselves unto them," as your creators and preservers. All this will follow by simply coming among them. He who walks in the counsel of the ungodly, will soon stand in the way of sinners, and sit in the seat of scorners.
invoke ............... worship <02142 05647> [neither.]
solemn declarations <07650> [to swear.]
[or, For if ye will cleave, etc.]
Lord <03068> [For the Lord. or, Then the Lord will drive.]
<0376> [no man.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
carefully <03966> [Take good.]
yourselves <05315> [yourselves. Heb. your souls. love.]
turn away <07725> [go back.]
alliances <01692> [cleave.]
intermarry <02859> [shall make.]
longer <03254> [will no.]
trap <06341> [snares.]
disappear <06> [until ye perish.]
die <01980> [I am going.]
one ...... promises .................. promise <01697 0259> [not one thing.]
Lord .................... Lord .................. Lord <03068> [so shall.]
angry <0639> [then shall.]
disappear <06> [perish.]
Joshua <03091> [Joshua.]
This must have been a different assembly from that mentioned in the preceding chapter, though probably held not long after the former.
Shechem <07927> [Shechem.]
As it is immediately added, that "they presented themselves before God," which is supposed to mean at the tabernacle; some are of opinion that Joshua caused it to be conveyed from Shiloh to Shechem on this occasion, to give the greater solemnity to his last meeting with the people. The Vatican and Alexandrian copies of the Septuagint, however, read [Selo,] both here and in verse 25; which many suppose to have been the original reading. Dr. Shuckford supposes that the covenant was made at Shechem, and that the people went to Shiloh to confirm it. But the most probable opinion seems to be that of Dr. Kennicott, that when all the tribes were assembled as Shechem, Joshua called the chiefs to him on that mount, which had before been consecrated by the law, and by the altar which he had erected.
summoned <07121> [called.]
appeared <03320> [presented.]
ancestors .......... father <01> [Your fathers.]
God ......................... worshiped other gods <0312 0430 05647> [served other gods.]
In the case of Abraham this was probably the case, till he was called to the knowledge of God, when above 70 years old.
took <03947> [I took.]
gave <05414> [gave.]
Isaac <03327> [unto Isaac.]
Esau ... Esau <06215> [unto Esau.]
Jacob ........... Jacob <03290> [Jacob.]
sent <07971> [sent.]
struck <05062> [plagued.]
brought <03318> [I brought.]
Egypt <04714> [Egyptians.]
cried out <06817> [And when.]
made <07760> [he put.]
drowned <0935> [brought.]
eyes <05869> [your eyes.]
lived <03427> [ye dwelt.]
crossed <05674> [And ye.]
leaders <01167> [the men.]
sent <07971> [I sent.]
swords <02719> [not.]
gave <05414> [And I.]
cities <05892> [cities.]
obey <03372> [fear.]
worship ............. worshiped ......... worship <05647> [serve.]
aside <05493> [put.]
From this exhortation of Joshua, we not only learn that the Israelites still retained some relics of idolatry, but to what gods they were attached. 1. Those whom their fathers worshipped on the other side of the food, or the river Euphrates, i.e., the gods of the Chaldeans, fire, light, the sun, etc. 2. Those of the Egyptians, Apis, Anubis, serpents, vegetables, etc. 3. Those of the Amorites, Moabites, Canaanites, etc., Baal-peor, Astarte, etc. How astonishing is it, that after all that God had done for them, and all the miracles they had seen, there should still be found among them both idols and idolaters!
Egypt <04714> [in Egypt.]
choose <0977> [choose.]
gods ........... gods <0430> [whether the gods.]
gods ........... gods <0430> [or the gods.]
family <01004> [as for me.]
worship <05647> [will we also.]
<03201> [Ye cannot.]
holy <06918> [holy.]
jealous <07072> [a jealous.]
forgive <05375> [he will not.]
turn <07725> [he will turn.]
worship <05647> [Nay.]
witnesses ................ witnesses <05707> [Ye are witnesses.]
Ye have been sufficiently apprised of the difficulties in your way--of God's holiness, and the nature of his service--your own weakness, inconstancy, and insufficiency--your need of the Divine help, and the hope of assistance held out in the law--and the awful consequences of apostasy: and now ye make your choice. Remember then that ye are witnesses against yourselves; and your own conscience will be witness, judge, and executioner.
chosen <0977> [ye have.]
aside <05493> [put away.]
submit <05186> [incline.]
<03772> [made.]
Shechem <07927> [in Shechem.]
Joshua <03091> [Joshua.]
took <03947> [took.]
set <06965> [set it.]
oak <0427> [under.]
A curious coincidence of circumstances is related by Livy, the Roman historian: he writes that "when three ambassadors were sent from Rome to complain of the perfidious conduct of the ’qui, the General informed them, that they might deliver their message to an oak which shaded his tent." On this one of the ambassadors turning away, said, "This venerable oak, and all the gods, shall know that you have violated the peace; they shall now hear our complaints; and may they also soon be witnesses, when we revenge with our arms the violation of divine and human rights." It is worthy of remark that Joshua merely set up a pillar under an oak,--the one, perhaps, to protect the other; while the General directed the ambassadors to address the oak, perhaps with an idolatrous feeling that they were addressing one of the gods, who would aid his cause; while the Roman ambassadors caught the feeling, and really invoked the aid of the oak and the gods.
heard <08085> [it hath.]
deny <03584> [deny.]
After <0310 01697> [after these.]
hundred <03967> [an hundred.]
Timnath <08556> [Timnath-serah.]
Gaash <01608> [Gaash.]
worshiped <05647> [served.]
Joshua's ........... outlived him <03091 0748> [overlived Joshua. Heb. prolonged their days after Joshua. which had.]
bones <06106> [bones.]
buried <06912> [buried.]
pieces of money <07192> [pieces of silver. or, lambs.]
