Leviticus 8:10-11

Anointing the Tabernacle and Aaron, and Clothing Aaron’s Sons

8:10 Then Moses took the anointing oil and anointed the tabernacle and everything in it, and so consecrated them. ¹  8:11 Next he sprinkled some of it on the altar seven times and so anointed the altar, all its vessels, and the wash basin and its stand to consecrate them.

Leviticus 8:16

8:16 Then he ²  took all the fat on the entrails, the protruding lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys and their fat, ³  and Moses offered it all up in smoke on the altar, ⁴ 

Leviticus 9:10

9:10 The fat and the kidneys and the protruding lobe of ⁵  the liver from the sin offering he offered up in smoke on the altar just as the Lord had commanded Moses,

Leviticus 11:13

Clean and Unclean Birds

11:13 “‘These you are to detest from among the birds – they must not be eaten, because they are detestable: ⁶  the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,

Leviticus 14:12

14:12 “The priest is to take one male lamb ⁷  and present it for a guilt offering ⁸  along with the log of olive oil and present them as a wave offering before the Lord. ⁹ 

Leviticus 14:45

14:45 He must tear down the house, ¹⁰  its stones, its wood, and all the plaster of the house, and bring all of it ¹¹  outside the city to an unclean place.

Leviticus 16:20

The Live Goat Ritual Procedures

16:20 “When he has finished purifying the holy place, ¹²  the Meeting Tent, and the altar, he is to present the live goat.

Leviticus 20:14

20:14 If a man has sexual intercourse with both a woman and her mother, ¹³  it is lewdness. ¹⁴  Both he and they must be burned to death, ¹⁵  so there is no lewdness in your midst.

Leviticus 26:22

26:22 I will send the wild animals ¹⁶  against you and they will bereave you of your children, ¹⁷  annihilate your cattle, and diminish your population ¹⁸  so that your roads will become deserted.

Leviticus 26:30

26:30 I will destroy your high places and cut down your incense altars, ¹⁹  and I will stack your dead bodies on top of the lifeless bodies of your idols. ²⁰  I will abhor you. ²¹ 

[8:10]  ¹ sn The expression “and consecrated it” refers to the effect of the anointing earlier in the verse (cf. “to consecrate them/him” in vv. 11 and 12). “To consecrate” means “to make holy” or “make sacred”; i.e., put something into the category of holy/sacred as opposed to common/profane (see Lev 10:10 below). Thus, the person or thing consecrated is put into the realm of God’s holy things.

[8:16]  ² tn Again, Aaron probably performed the slaughter and collected the fat parts (v. 16a), but Moses presented it all on the altar (v. 16b; cf. the note on v. 15 above).

[8:16]  ³ sn See Lev 3:3-4 for the terminology of fat and kidneys here.

[8:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “toward the altar” (see the note on Lev 1:9).

[9:10]  ³ tn Heb “from.”

[11:13]  ⁴ tn For zoological remarks on the following list of birds see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:662-64; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 159-60.

[14:12]  ⁵ tn Heb “And the priest shall take the one lamb.”

[14:12]  ⁶ tn See the note on Lev 5:15 above. The primary purpose of the “guilt offering” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) was to “atone” (כִּפֶּר, kipper, “to make atonement,” see v. 18 below and the note on Lev 1:4) for “trespassing” on the Lord’s “holy things,” whether sacred objects or sacred people. It is, therefore, closely associated with the reconsecration of the Lord’s holy people as, for example, here and in the case of the corpse contaminated Nazirite (Num 6:11b-12). Since the nation of Israel was “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” to the Lord (Exod 19:6; cf. the blood splashed on all the people in Exod 24:8), the skin diseased person was essentially a member of the “holy nation” who had been expelled from the community. Therefore, he or she had been desecrated and the guilt offering was essential to restoring him or her to the community. In fact, the manipulation of blood and oil in the guilt offering ritual procedure for the healed person (see vv. 14-18 below) is reminiscent of that employed for the ordination offering in the consecration of the holy Aaronic priests of the nation (Exod 29:19-21; Lev 8:22-30).

[14:12]  ⁷ tn Heb “wave them [as] a wave offering before the Lord” (NAB similar). See the note on Lev 7:30 and the literature cited there. Other possible translations include “elevate them [as] an elevation offering before the Lord” (cf. NRSV) or “present them [as] a presentation offering before the Lord.” To be sure, the actual physical “waving” of a male lamb seems unlikely, but some waving gesture may have been performed in the presentation of the offering (cf. also the “waving” of the Levites as a “wave offering” in Num 8:11, etc.).

[14:45]  ⁶ tn Smr, LXX, Syriac, and Tg. Ps.-J. have the plural verb, perhaps suggesting a passive translation, “The house…shall be torn down” (cf. NAB, NIV, TEV, NLT, and see the note on v. 4b above).

[14:45]  ⁷ tn Once again, Smr, LXX, and Syriac have the plural verb, perhaps to be rendered passive, “shall be brought.”

[16:20]  ⁷ tn Heb “And he shall finish from atoning the holy place.” In this case, the “holy place” etc. are direct objects of the verb “to atone” (cf. v. 33a below). In this case, therefore, the basic meaning of the verb (i.e., “to purge” or “wipe clean”) comes to the forefront. When the prepositions עַל (’al) or בֲּעַד (ba’ad) occur with the verb כִּפֶּר (kipper) the purging is almost always being done “for” or “on behalf of” priests or people (see the note on Lev 1:4 as well as R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:698, the literature cited there, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 110, for more details).

[20:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “And a man who takes a woman and her mother.” The Hebrew verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse.”

[20:14]  ⁹ tn Regarding “lewdness,” see the note on Lev 18:17 above.

[20:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “in fire they shall burn him and them.” The active plural verb sometimes requires a passive translation (GKC 460 §144.f, g), esp. when no active plural subject has been expressed in the context. The present translation specifies “burned to death” because the traditional rendering “burnt with fire” (KJV, ASV; NASB “burned with fire”) could be understood to mean “branded” or otherwise burned, but not fatally.

[26:22]  ⁹ tn Heb “the animal of the field.” This collective singular has been translated as a plural. The expression “animal of the field” refers to a wild (i.e., nondomesticated) animal.

[26:22]  ¹⁰ tn The words “of your children” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[26:22]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and diminish you.”

[26:30]  ¹⁰ sn Regarding these cultic installations, see the remarks in B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 188, and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:903. The term rendered “incense altars” might better be rendered “sanctuaries [of foreign deities]” or “stelae.”

[26:30]  ¹¹ tn The translation reflects the Hebrew wordplay “your corpses…the corpses of your idols.” Since idols, being lifeless, do not really have “corpses,” the translation uses “dead bodies” for people and “lifeless bodies” for the idols.

[26:30]  ¹² tn Heb “and my soul will abhor you.”