Discovery BoxMark 12:41--13:37
Context12:41 Then 1 he 2 sat down opposite the offering box, 3 and watched the crowd putting coins into it. Many rich people were throwing in large amounts. 12:42 And a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, 4 worth less than a penny. 12:43 He called his disciples and said to them, “I tell you the truth, 5 this poor widow has put more into the offering box 6 than all the others. 7 12:44 For they all gave out of their wealth. 8 But she, out of her poverty, put in what she had to live on, everything she had.” 9
13:1 Now 10 as Jesus 11 was going out of the temple courts, one of his disciples said to him, “Teacher, look at these tremendous stones and buildings!” 12 13:2 Jesus said to him, “Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone will be left on another. 13 All will be torn down!” 14
13:3 So 15 while he was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John, 16 and Andrew asked him privately, 13:4 “Tell us, when will these things 17 happen? And what will be the sign that all these things are about to take place?” 13:5 Jesus began to say to them, “Watch out 18 that no one misleads you. 13:6 Many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ 19 and they will mislead many. 13:7 When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed. These things must happen, but the end is still to come. 20 13:8 For nation will rise up in arms 21 against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and there will be famines. 22 These are but the beginning of birth pains.
13:9 “You must watch out for yourselves. You will be handed over 23 to councils 24 and beaten in the synagogues. 25 You will stand before governors and kings 26 because of me, as a witness to them. 13:10 First the gospel must be preached to all nations. 13:11 When they arrest you and hand you over for trial, do not worry about what to speak. But say whatever is given you at that time, 27 for it is not you speaking, but the Holy Spirit. 13:12 Brother will hand over brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rise against 28 parents and have them put to death. 13:13 You will be hated by everyone because of my name. 29 But the one who endures to the end will be saved. 30
13:14 “But when you see the abomination of desolation 31 standing where it should not be (let the reader understand), then those in Judea must flee 32 to the mountains. 13:15 The one on the roof 33 must not come down or go inside to take anything out of his house. 34 13:16 The one in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. 13:17 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! 13:18 Pray that it may not be in winter. 13:19 For in those days there will be suffering 35 unlike anything that has happened 36 from the beginning of the creation that God created until now, or ever will happen. 13:20 And if the Lord had not cut short those days, no one would be saved. But because of the elect, whom he chose, he has cut them 37 short. 13:21 Then 38 if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ 39 or ‘Look, there he is!’ do not believe him. 13:22 For false messiahs 40 and false prophets will appear and perform signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, the elect. 13:23 Be careful! I have told you everything ahead of time.
13:24 “But in those days, after that suffering, 41 the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light; 13:25 the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 42 13:26 Then everyone 43 will see the Son of Man arriving in the clouds 44 with great power and glory. 13:27 Then he will send angels and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven. 45
13:28 “Learn this parable from the fig tree: Whenever its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. 13:29 So also you, when you see these things happening, know 46 that he is near, right at the door. 13:30 I tell you the truth, 47 this generation 48 will not pass away until all these things take place. 13:31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. 49
13:32 “But as for that day or hour no one knows it – neither the angels in heaven, nor the Son 50 – except the Father. 13:33 Watch out! Stay alert! 51 For you do not know when the time will come. 13:34 It is like a man going on a journey. He left his house and put his slaves 52 in charge, assigning 53 to each his work, and commanded the doorkeeper to stay alert. 13:35 Stay alert, then, because you do not know when the owner of the house will return – whether during evening, at midnight, when the rooster crows, or at dawn – 13:36 or else he might find you asleep when he returns suddenly. 13:37 What I say to you I say to everyone: Stay alert!”
[12:41] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[12:41] 2 tc Most
[12:41] 3 tn On the term γαζοφυλάκιον (gazofulakion), often translated “treasury,” see BDAG 186 s.v., which states, “For Mk 12:41, 43; Lk 21:1 the mng. contribution box or receptacle is attractive. Acc. to Mishnah, Shekalim 6, 5 there were in the temple 13 such receptacles in the form of trumpets. But even in these passages the general sense of ‘treasury’ is prob., for the contributions would go [into] the treasury via the receptacles.” Based upon the extra-biblical evidence (see sn following), however, the translation opts to refer to the actual receptacles and not the treasury itself.
[12:42] 4 sn These two small copper coins were lepta (sing. “lepton”), the smallest and least valuable coins in circulation in Palestine, worth one-half of a quadrans or 1/128 of a denarius, or about six minutes of an average daily wage. This was next to nothing in value.
[12:43] 5 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”
[12:43] 6 tn See the note on the term “offering box” in v. 41.
[12:43] 7 sn Has put more into the offering box than all the others. With God, giving is weighed evaluatively, not counted. The widow was praised because she gave sincerely and at some considerable cost to herself.
[12:44] 8 tn Grk “out of what abounded to them.”
[12:44] 9 sn The contrast between this passage, 12:41-44, and what has come before in 11:27-12:40 is remarkable. The woman is set in stark contrast to the religious leaders. She was a poor widow, they were rich. She was uneducated in the law, they were well educated in the law. She was a woman, they were men. But whereas they evidenced no faith and actually stole money from God and men (cf. 11:17), she evidenced great faith and gave out of her extreme poverty everything she had.
[13:1] 10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[13:1] 11 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:1] 12 sn The Jerusalem temple was widely admired around the world. See Josephus, Ant. 15.11 [15.380-425]; J. W. 5.5 [5.184-227] and Tacitus, History 5.8, who called it “immensely opulent.” Josephus compared it to a beautiful snowcapped mountain.
[13:2] 13 sn With the statement not one stone will be left on another Jesus predicted the total destruction of the temple, something that did occur in
[13:2] 14 tn Grk “not one stone will be left here on another which will not be thrown down.”
[13:3] 15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
[13:3] 16 tn Grk “and James and John,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[13:4] 17 sn Both references to these things are plural, so more than the temple’s destruction is in view. The question may presuppose that such a catastrophe signals the end.
[13:5] 18 tn Or “Be on guard.”
[13:6] 19 tn That is, “I am the Messiah.”
[13:7] 20 tn Grk “it is not yet the end.”
[13:8] 21 tn For the translation “rise up in arms” see L&N 55.2.
[13:8] 22 sn See Isa 5:13-14; 13:6-16; Hag 2:6-7; Zech 14:4.
[13:9] 23 tn Grk “They will hand you over.” “They” is an indefinite plural, referring to people in general. The parallel in Matt 10:17 makes this explicit.
[13:9] 24 sn Councils in this context refers to local judicial bodies attached to the Jewish synagogue. This group would be responsible for meting out justice and discipline within the Jewish community.
[13:9] 25 sn See the note on synagogue in 1:21.
[13:9] 26 sn These statements look at persecution both from a Jewish context as the mention of councils and synagogues suggests, and from a Gentile one as the reference to governors and kings suggests. Some fulfillment of Jewish persecution can be seen in Acts.
[13:11] 27 tn Grk “in that hour.”
[13:12] 28 tn Or “will rebel against.”
[13:13] 29 sn See 1 Cor 1:25-31.
[13:13] 30 sn But the one who endures to the end will be saved. Jesus was not claiming here that salvation is by works, because he had already taught that it is by grace (cf. 10:15). He was simply arguing that genuine faith evidences itself in persistence through even the worst of trials.
[13:14] 31 sn The reference to the abomination of desolation is an allusion to Dan 9:27. Though some have seen the fulfillment of Daniel’s prophecy in the actions of Antiochus IV (or a representative of his) in 167
[13:14] 32 sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.
[13:15] 33 sn Most of the roofs in the NT were flat roofs made of pounded dirt, sometimes mixed with lime or stones, supported by heavy wooden beams. They generally had an easy means of access, either a sturdy wooden ladder or stone stairway, sometimes on the outside of the house.
[13:15] 34 sn The nature of the judgment coming upon them will be so quick and devastating that one will not have time to come down or go inside to take anything out of his house. It is best just to escape as quickly as possible.
[13:19] 35 tn Traditionally, “tribulation.”
[13:19] 36 sn Suffering unlike anything that has happened. Some refer this event to the destruction of Jerusalem in
[13:21] 38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[13:21] 39 tn Or “the Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[13:22] 40 tn Or “false christs”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[13:24] 41 tn Traditionally, “tribulation.”
[13:25] 42 sn An allusion to Isa 13:10, 34:4 (LXX); Joel 2:10. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.
[13:26] 44 sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full judging authority.
[13:27] 45 tn Or “of the sky”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context.
[13:29] 46 tn The verb γινώσκετε (ginwskete, “know”) can be parsed as either present indicative or present imperative. In this context the imperative fits better, since the movement is from analogy (trees and seasons) to the future (the signs of the coming of the kingdom) and since the emphasis is on preparation for this event.
[13:30] 47 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”
[13:30] 48 sn This is one of the hardest verses in the gospels to interpret. Various views exist for what generation means. (1) Some take it as meaning “race” and thus as an assurance that the Jewish race (nation) will not pass away. But it is very questionable that the Greek term γενεά (genea) can have this meaning. Two other options are possible. (2) Generation might mean “this type of generation” and refer to the generation of wicked humanity. Then the point is that humanity will not perish, because God will redeem it. Or (3) generation may refer to “the generation that sees the signs of the end” (v. 26), who will also see the end itself. In other words, once the movement to the return of Christ starts, all the events connected with it happen very quickly, in rapid succession.
[13:31] 49 sn The words that Jesus predicts here will never pass away. They are more stable and lasting than creation itself! For this kind of image, see Isa 40:8; 55:10-11.
[13:32] 50 sn The phrase nor the Son has caused a great deal of theological debate because on the surface it appears to conflict with the concept of Jesus’ deity. The straightforward meaning of the text is that the Son does not know the time of his return. If Jesus were divine, though, wouldn’t he know this information? There are other passages which similarly indicate that Jesus did not know certain things. For example, Luke 2:52 indicates that Jesus grew in wisdom; this has to mean that Jesus did not know everything all the time but learned as he grew. So Mark 13:32 is not alone in implying that Jesus did not know certain things. The best option for understanding Mark 13:32 and similar passages is to hold the two concepts in tension: The Son in his earthly life and ministry had limited knowledge of certain things, yet he was still deity.
[13:33] 51 tc The vast majority of witnesses (א A C L W Θ Ψ Ë1,13 Ï lat sy co) have καὶ προσεύχεσθε after ἀγρυπνεῖτε (agrupneite kai proseucesqe, “stay alert and pray”). This may be a motivated reading, influenced by the similar command in Mark 14:38 where προσεύχεσθε is solidly attested, and more generally from the parallel in Luke 21:36 (though δέομαι [deomai, “ask”] is used there). As B. M. Metzger notes, it is a predictable variant that scribes would have been likely to produce independently of each other (TCGNT 95). The words are not found in B D 2427 a c {d} k. Although the external evidence for the shorter reading is slender, it probably better accounts for the longer reading than vice versa.
