Psalms 110:2

110:2 The Lord ¹  extends ²  your dominion ³  from Zion.

Rule in the midst of your enemies!

Isaiah 42:1-4

The Lord Commissions His Special Servant

42:1 ⁴ “Here is my servant whom I support,

my chosen one in whom I take pleasure.

I have placed my spirit on him;

he will make just decrees ⁵  for the nations. ⁶ 

42:2 He will not cry out or shout;

he will not publicize himself in the streets. ⁷ 

42:3 A crushed reed he will not break,

a dim wick he will not extinguish; ⁸ 

he will faithfully make just decrees. ⁹ 

42:4 He will not grow dim or be crushed ¹⁰ 

before establishing justice on the earth;

the coastlands ¹¹  will wait in anticipation for his decrees.” ¹² 

Isaiah 51:4-5

51:4 Pay attention to me, my people!

Listen to me, my people!

For ¹³  I will issue a decree, ¹⁴ 

I will make my justice a light to the nations. ¹⁵ 

51:5 I am ready to vindicate, ¹⁶ 

I am ready to deliver, ¹⁷ 

I will establish justice among the nations. ¹⁸ 

The coastlands ¹⁹  wait patiently for me;

they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power. ²⁰ 

Hosea 6:3

6:3 So let us acknowledge him! ²¹ 

Let us seek ²²  to acknowledge ²³  the Lord!

He will come to our rescue as certainly as the appearance of the dawn,

as certainly as the winter rain comes,

as certainly as the spring rain that waters the land.”

Zechariah 14:8-9

14:8 Moreover, on that day living waters will flow out from Jerusalem, ²⁴  half of them to the eastern sea ²⁵  and half of them to the western sea; ²⁶  it will happen both in summer and in winter.

14:9 The Lord will then be king over all the earth. In that day the Lord will be seen as one with a single name. ²⁷ 

Matthew 28:19-20

28:19 Therefore go ²⁸  and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, ²⁹  28:20 teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And remember, ³⁰  I am with you ³¹  always, to the end of the age.” ³² 

Mark 16:15-16

16:15 He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature. 16:16 The one who believes and is baptized will be saved, but the one who does not believe will be condemned.

Mark 16:20

16:20 They went out and proclaimed everywhere, while the Lord worked with them and confirmed the word through the accompanying signs.]]

Luke 24:47

24:47 and repentance ³³  for the forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed ³⁴  in his name to all nations, ³⁵  beginning from Jerusalem. ³⁶ 

Acts 1:8

1:8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest parts ³⁷  of the earth.”

Acts 13:46-47

13:46 Both Paul and Barnabas replied courageously, ³⁸  “It was necessary to speak the word of God ³⁹  to you first. Since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy ⁴⁰  of eternal life, we ⁴¹  are turning to the Gentiles. ⁴²  13:47 For this ⁴³  is what the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have appointed ⁴⁴  you to be a light ⁴⁵  for the Gentiles, to bring salvation ⁴⁶  to the ends of the earth.’” ⁴⁷ 

Romans 10:12-18

10:12 For there is no distinction between the Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, who richly blesses all who call on him. 10:13 For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. ⁴⁸ 

10:14 How are they to call on one they have not believed in? And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them ⁴⁹ ? 10:15 And how are they to preach unless they are sent? As it is written, “How timely ⁵⁰  is the arrival ⁵¹  of those who proclaim the good news.” ⁵²  10:16 But not all have obeyed the good news, for Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” ⁵³  10:17 Consequently faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word ⁵⁴  of Christ. ⁵⁵ 

10:18 But I ask, have they ⁵⁶  not heard? ⁵⁷  Yes, they have: ⁵⁸  Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. ⁵⁹ 

Romans 15:19

15:19 in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Spirit of God. So from Jerusalem even as far as Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.

[110:2]  ¹ tn Since the Lord is mentioned in the third person (note the use of the first person in v. 1), it is likely that these are the psalmist’s words to the king, not a continuation of the oracle per se.

[110:2]  ² tn The prefixed verbal form is understood here as descriptive-dramatic or as generalizing, though it could be taken as future.

[110:2]  ³ tn Heb “your strong scepter,” symbolic of the king’s royal authority and dominion.

[42:1]  ⁴ sn Verses 1-7 contain the first of Isaiah’s “servant songs,” which describe the ministry of a special, ideal servant who accomplishes God’s purposes for Israel and the nations. This song depicts the servant as a just king who brings justice to the earth and relief for the oppressed. The other songs appear in 49:1-13; 50:4-11; and 52:13-53:12.

[42:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “he will bring out justice” (cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[42:1]  ⁶ sn Like the ideal king portrayed in Isa 11:1-9, the servant is energized by the divine spirit and establishes justice on the earth.

[42:2]  ⁷ tn Heb “he will not cause his voice to be heard in the street.”

[42:3]  ⁸ sn The “crushed reed” and “dim wick” symbolize the weak and oppressed who are on the verge of extinction.

[42:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “faithfully he will bring out justice” (cf. NASB, NRSV).

[42:4]  ¹⁰ tn For rhetorical effect the terms used to describe the “crushed (רָצַץ, ratsats) reed” and “dim (כָּהָה, kahah) wick” in v. 3 are repeated here.

[42:4]  ¹¹ tn Or “islands” (NIV); NLT “distant lands beyond the sea.”

[42:4]  ¹² tn Or “his law” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV) or “his instruction” (NLT).

[51:4]  ¹³ tn Or “certainly.”

[51:4]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “instruction [or “a law”] will go out from me.”

[51:4]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and my justice for a light to the nations I will cause to rest.”

[51:5]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “my righteousness [or “vindication”] is near.”

[51:5]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “my deliverance goes forth.”

[51:5]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and my arms will judge [on behalf of] nations.”

[51:5]  ¹⁹ tn Or “islands” (NIV); TEV “Distant lands.”

[51:5]  ²⁰ tn Heb “for my arm” (so NIV, NRSV).

[6:3]  ²¹ tn The object (“him”) is omitted in the Hebrew text, but supplied in the translation for clarity.

[6:3]  ²² tn Heb “let us pursue in order to know.” The Hebrew term רָדַף (radaf, “to pursue”) is used figuratively: “to aim to secure” (BDB 923 s.v. רָדַף 2). It describes the pursuit of a moral goal: “Do not pervert justice…nor accept a bribe…pursue [רָדַף] justice” (Deut 16:20); “those who pursue [רָדַף] righteousness and who seek [בָּקַשׁ, baqash] the Lord” (Isa 51:1); “He who pursues [רָדַף] righteousness and love finds life, prosperity, and honor” (Prov 21:20); “Seek [בָּקַשׁ] peace and pursue [רָדַף] it” (Ps 34:15); “they slander me when I pursue [רָדַף] good” (Ps 38:21).

[6:3]  ²³ tn The Hebrew infinitive construct with לְ (lamed) denotes purpose: “to know” (לָדַעַת, lada’at).

[14:8]  ²⁴ sn Living waters will flow out from Jerusalem. Ezekiel sees this same phenomenon in conjunction with the inauguration of the messianic age (Ezek 47; cf. Rev 22:1-5; also John 7:38).

[14:8]  ²⁵ sn The eastern sea is a reference to the Dead Sea (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).

[14:8]  ²⁶ sn The western sea is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).

[14:9]  ²⁷ sn The expression the Lord will be seen as one with a single name is an unmistakable reference to the so-called Shema, the crystallized statement of faith in the Lord as the covenant God of Israel (cf. Deut 6:4-5). Zechariah, however, universalizes the extent of the Lord’s dominion – he will be “king over all the earth.”

[28:19]  ²⁸ tn “Go…baptize…teach” are participles modifying the imperative verb “make disciples.” According to ExSyn 645 the first participle (πορευθέντες, poreuqentes, “Go”) fits the typical structural pattern for the attendant circumstance participle (aorist participle preceding aorist main verb, with the mood of the main verb usually imperative or indicative) and thus picks up the mood (imperative in this case) from the main verb (μαθητεύσατε, maqhteusate, “make disciples”). This means that semantically the action of “going” is commanded, just as “making disciples” is. As for the two participles that follow the main verb (βαπτίζοντες, baptizontes, “baptizing”; and διδάσκοντες, didaskontes, “teaching”), these do not fit the normal pattern for attendant circumstance participles, since they are present participles and follow the aorist main verb. However, some interpreters do see them as carrying additional imperative force in context. Others regard them as means, manner, or even result.

[28:19]  ²⁹ tc Although some scholars have denied that the trinitarian baptismal formula in the Great Commission was a part of the original text of Matthew, there is no ms support for their contention. F. C. Conybeare, “The Eusebian Form of the Text of Mt. 28:19,” ZNW 2 (1901): 275-88, based his view on a faulty reading of Eusebius’ quotations of this text. The shorter reading has also been accepted, on other grounds, by a few other scholars. For discussion (and refutation of the conjecture that removes this baptismal formula), see B. J. Hubbard, The Matthean Redaction of a Primitive Apostolic Commissioning (SBLDS 19), 163-64, 167-75; and Jane Schaberg, The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit (SBLDS 61), 27-29.

[28:20]  ³⁰ tn The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has been translated here as “remember” (BDAG 468 s.v. 1.c).

[28:20]  ³¹ sn I am with you. Matthew’s Gospel begins with the prophecy that the Savior’s name would be “Emmanuel, that is, ‘God with us,’” (1:23, in which the author has linked Isa 7:14 and 8:8, 10 together) and it ends with Jesus’ promise to be with his disciples forever. The Gospel of Matthew thus forms an inclusio about Jesus in his relationship to his people that suggests his deity.

[28:20]  ³² tc Most mss (A^c Θ Ë¹³ Ï it sy) have ἀμήν (amhn, “amen”) at the end of v. 20. Such a conclusion is routinely added by scribes to NT books because a few of these books originally had such an ending (cf. Rom 16:27; Gal 6:18; Jude 25). A majority of Greek witnesses have the concluding ἀμήν in every NT book except Acts, James, and 3 John (and even in these books, ἀμήν is found in some witnesses). It is thus a predictable variant. Further, no good reason exists for the omission of the particle in significant and early witnesses such as א A* B D W ˹ 33 al lat sa.

[24:47]  ³³ sn This repentance has its roots in declarations of the Old Testament. It is the Hebrew concept of a turning of direction.

[24:47]  ³⁴ tn Or “preached,” “announced.”

[24:47]  ³⁵ sn To all nations. The same Greek term (τὰ ἔθνη, ta eqnh) may be translated “the Gentiles” or “the nations.” The hope of God in Christ was for all the nations from the beginning.

[24:47]  ³⁶ sn Beginning from Jerusalem. See Acts 2, which is where it all starts.

[1:8]  ³⁷ tn Or “to the ends.”

[13:46]  ³⁸ tn Grk “Both Paul and Barnabas spoke out courageously and said.” The redundancy is removed in the translation and the verb “replied” is used in keeping with the logical sequence of events. The theme of boldness reappears: Acts 4:24-30; 9:27-28.

[13:46]  ³⁹ tn Grk “It was necessary that the word of God be spoken.” For smoothness and simplicity of English style, the passive construction has been converted to active voice in the translation.

[13:46]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “and consider yourselves unworthy.”

[13:46]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “behold, we.” In this context ἰδού (idou) is not easily translated into English.

[13:46]  ⁴² sn This turning to the Gentiles would be a shocking rebuke to 1st century Jews who thought they alone were the recipients of the promise.

[13:47]  ⁴³ tn Here οὕτως (Joutws) is taken to refer to what follows, the content of the quotation, as given for this verse by BDAG 742 s.v. οὕτω/οὕτως 2.

[13:47]  ⁴⁴ tn BDAG 1004 s.v. τίθημι 3.a has “τιθέναι τινὰ εἴς τι place/appoint someone to or for (to function as) someth….Ac 13:47.” This is a double accusative construction of object (“you”) and complement (“a light”).

[13:47]  ⁴⁵ sn Paul alludes here to the language of the Servant in Isaiah, pointing to Isa 42:6; 49:6. He and Barnabas do the work of the Servant in Isaiah.

[13:47]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “that you should be for salvation,” but more simply “to bring salvation.”

[13:47]  ⁴⁷ sn An allusion to Isa 42:6 and 49:6. The expression the ends of the earth recalls Luke 3:6 and Acts 1:8. Paul sees himself and Barnabas as carrying out the commission of Luke 24:27. (See 2 Cor 6:2, where servant imagery also appears concerning Paul’s message.)

[10:13]  ⁴⁸ sn A quotation from Joel 2:32.

[10:14]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “preaching”; the words “to them” are supplied for clarification.

[10:15]  ⁵⁰ tn The word in this context seems to mean “coming at the right or opportune time” (see BDAG 1103 s.v. ὡραῖος 1); it may also mean “beautiful, attractive, welcome.”

[10:15]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “the feet.” The metaphorical nuance of “beautiful feet” is that such represent timely news.

[10:15]  ⁵² sn A quotation from Isa 52:7; Nah 1:15.

[10:16]  ⁵³ sn A quotation from Isa 53:1.

[10:17]  ⁵⁴ tn The Greek term here is ῥῆμα (rJhma), which often (but not exclusively) focuses on the spoken word.

[10:17]  ⁵⁵ tc Most mss (א¹ A D¹ Ψ 33 1881 Ï sy) have θεοῦ (qeou) here rather than Χριστοῦ (Cristou; found in Ì^46vid א* B C D* 6 81 629 1506 1739 pc lat co). External evidence strongly favors the reading “Christ” here. Internal evidence is also on its side, for the expression ῥῆμα Χριστοῦ (rJhma Cristou) occurs nowhere else in the NT; thus scribes would be prone to change it to a known expression.

[10:18]  ⁵⁶ tn That is, Israel (see the following verse).

[10:18]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “they have not ‘not heard,’ have they?” This question is difficult to render in English. The basic question is a negative sentence (“Have they not heard?”), but it is preceded by the particle μή (mh) which expects a negative response. The end result in English is a double negative (“They have not ‘not heard,’ have they?”). This has been changed to a positive question in the translation for clarity. See BDAG 646 s.v. μή 3.a.; D. Moo, Romans (NICNT), 666, fn. 32; and C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 537, for discussion.

[10:18]  ⁵⁸ tn Here the particle μενοῦνγε (menounge) is correcting the negative response expected by the particle μή (mh) in the preceding question. Since the question has been translated positively, the translation was changed here to reflect that rendering.

[10:18]  ⁵⁹ sn A quotation from Ps 19:4.