Revelation 2:14

2:14 But I have a few things against you: You have some people there who follow the teaching of Balaam, ¹  who instructed Balak to put a stumbling block ²  before the people ³  of Israel so they would eat food sacrificed to idols and commit sexual immorality. ⁴ 

Revelation 2:18

To the Church in Thyatira

2:18 “To ⁵  the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following: ⁶ 

“This is the solemn pronouncement of ⁷  the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame ⁸  and whose feet are like polished bronze: ⁹ 

Revelation 12:5

12:5 So ¹⁰  the woman gave birth to a son, a male child, ¹¹  who is going to rule ¹²  over all the nations ¹³  with an iron rod. ¹⁴  Her ¹⁵  child was suddenly caught up to God and to his throne,

Revelation 14:14

14:14 Then ¹⁶  I looked, and a white cloud appeared, ¹⁷  and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! ¹⁸  He had ¹⁹  a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand.

Revelation 21:12

21:12 It has ²⁰  a massive, high wall ²¹  with twelve gates, ²²  with twelve angels at the gates, and the names of the twelve tribes of the nation of Israel ²³  are written on the gates. ²⁴ 

[2:14]  ¹ sn See Num 22-24; 31:16.

[2:14]  ² tn That is, a cause for sinning. An alternate translation is “who instructed Balak to cause the people of Israel to sin by eating food sacrificed to idols…”

[2:14]  ³ tn Grk “sons,” but the expression υἱοὶ ᾿Ισραήλ (Juioi Israhl) is an idiom for the people of Israel as an ethnic entity (see L&N 11.58).

[2:14]  ⁴ tn Due to the actual events in the OT (Num 22-24; 31:16), πορνεῦσαι (porneusai) is taken to mean “sexual immorality.” BDAG 854 s.v. πορνεύω 1 states, “engage in illicit sex, to fornicate, to whore…W. φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα ‘eat meat offered to idols’ Rv 2:14, 20.”

[2:18]  ⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.

[2:18]  ⁶ tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.

[2:18]  ⁷ tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.

[2:18]  ⁸ tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[2:18]  ⁹ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

[12:5]  ⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the conclusion of the anticipated birth.

[12:5]  ¹⁰ tn On this term BDAG 135 s.v. ἄρσην states: “male…The neut. ἄρσεν Rv 12:5, difft. vs. 13, comes fr. Is 66:7 and is in apposition to υἱόν. On the juxtaposition s. FBoll, ZNW 15, 1914, 253; BOlsson, Glotta 23, ’34, 112.”

[12:5]  ¹¹ tn Grk “shepherd.”

[12:5]  ¹² tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

[12:5]  ¹³ tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”

[12:5]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[14:14]  ¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[14:14]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “and behold, a white cloud.”

[14:14]  ¹⁵ tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56…Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).

[14:14]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “like a son of man, having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence.

[21:12]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “jasper, having.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation.

[21:12]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “a (city) wall great and high.”

[21:12]  ¹⁹ tn On this term BDAG 897 s.v. πυλών 1 states, “gate, esp. of the large, impressive gateways at the entrance of temples and palaces…of the entrances of the heavenly Jerusalem…οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν its entrances shall never be shut Rv 21:25; cp. vss. 12ab, 13abcd, 15, 21ab; 22:14.”

[21:12]  ²⁰ tn Grk “of the sons of Israel.” The translation “nation of Israel” is given in L&N 11.58.

[21:12]  ²¹ tn Grk “on them”; the referent (the gates) has been specified in the translation for clarity.