Text -- 1 Chronicles 23:1-32 (NET)

David Organizes the Levites

23:1 When David was old and approaching the end of his life, he made his son Solomon king over Israel. 23:2 David assembled all the leaders of Israel, along with the priests and the Levites. 23:3 The Levites who were thirty years old and up were counted; there were 38,000 men. 23:4 David said, “Of these, 24,000 are to direct the work of the Lord’s temple; 6,000 are to be officials and judges; 23:5 4,000 are to be gatekeepers; and 4,000 are to praise the Lord with the instruments I supplied for worship.” 23:6 David divided them into groups corresponding to the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 23:7 The Gershonites included Ladan and Shimei. 23:8 The sons of Ladan: Jehiel the oldest, Zetham, and Joel– three in all. 23:9 The sons of Shimei: Shelomoth, Haziel, and Haran– three in all. These were the leaders of the family of Ladan. 23:10 The sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah. These were Shimei’s sons– four in all. 23:11 Jahath was the oldest and Zizah the second oldest. Jeush and Beriah did not have many sons, so they were considered one family with one responsibility. 23:12 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel– four in all. 23:13 The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses. Aaron and his descendants were chosen on a permanent basis to consecrate the most holy items, to offer sacrifices before the Lord, to serve him, and to praise his name. 23:14 The descendants of Moses the man of God were considered Levites. 23:15 The sons of Moses: Gershom and Eliezer. 23:16 The son of Gershom: Shebuel the oldest. 23:17 The son of Eliezer was Rehabiah, the oldest. Eliezer had no other sons, but Rehabiah had many descendants. 23:18 The son of Izhar: Shelomith the oldest. 23:19 The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the oldest, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. 23:20 The sons of Uzziel: Micah the oldest, and Isshiah the second. 23:21 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. The sons of Mahli: Eleazar and Kish. 23:22 Eleazar died without having sons; he had only daughters. The sons of Kish, their cousins, married them. 23:23 The sons of Mushi: Mahli, Eder, and Jeremoth– three in all. 23:24 These were the descendants of Levi according to their families, that is, the leaders of families as counted and individually listed who carried out assigned tasks in the Lord’s temple and were twenty years old and up. 23:25 For David said, “The Lord God of Israel has given his people rest and has permanently settled in Jerusalem. 23:26 So the Levites no longer need to carry the tabernacle or any of the items used in its service.” 23:27 According to David’s final instructions, the Levites twenty years old and up were counted. 23:28 Their job was to help Aaron’s descendants in the service of the Lord’s temple. They were to take care of the courtyards, the rooms, ceremonial purification of all holy items, and other jobs related to the service of God’s temple. 23:29 They also took care of the bread that is displayed, the flour for offerings, the unleavened wafers, the round cakes, the mixing, and all the measuring. 23:30 They also stood in a designated place every morning and offered thanks and praise to the Lord. They also did this in the evening 23:31 and whenever burnt sacrifices were offered to the Lord on the Sabbath and at new moon festivals and assemblies. A designated number were to serve before the Lord regularly in accordance with regulations. 23:32 They were in charge of the meeting tent and the holy place, and helped their relatives, the descendants of Aaron, in the service of the Lord’s temple.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:1

¹ tn Heb “and full of years.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:2

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:3

¹ tn Heb “and their number by their heads, by men, was 38,000.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:4

¹ tn The words “David said” are supplied here in the translation for clarification. The appearance of the first person verb “I supplied” in v. 5 indicates that David is speaking here.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:5

¹ tn Heb “made to [or “for”] praise.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:10

¹ tc The MT reads “Zina” here and “Zizah” in v. 11. One Hebrew ms, the LXX, and the Vulgate, harmonizing the form of the name to that found in v. 11, read “Zizah” here.

² sn Verses 8-10 are confusing. Two different lists of Shimei’s sons appear. In between these lists is the statement “these were the leaders of the family of Ladan,” suggesting that the list just before this includes the sons of Ladan, not Shimei. But verse 8 already lists Ladan’s sons. Apparently the text as it stands is a conflation of differing traditions.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:13

¹ tn Heb “and Aaron was set apart to consecrate it, the most holy things, he and his sons, permanently, to sacrifice before the Lord, to serve him, and to bless his name permanently.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:14

¹ tn Heb “and Moses the man of God, his sons were called to the tribe of Levi.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:16

¹ tn The Hebrew text has the plural “sons,” but only one name appears after this. The attached phrase “the oldest” might indicate that Shebuel was not Gershom’s only son, but note v. 17.

² tc The LXX reads Σουβαηλ (Soubahl) here, a reading followed by NAB, NIV, NCV, CEV (“Shubael”); cf. 24:20.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:17

¹ tn The Hebrew text has “the sons of Eliezer were,” but only one name appears after this in the verse, and we are specifically told that Eliezer had no other sons.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:18

¹ tn The Hebrew text has the plural “sons,” but only one name appears after this. The attached phrase “the oldest” might indicate that Shelomith was not Izhar’s only son, but note v. 17.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:22

¹ tn Heb “the sons of Kish, their brothers [i.e., relatives/cousins] lifted them up.” For other uses of נָאָשׂ (na’as, “lift up”) in the sense of “marry,” see BDB 671 s.v. Qal.3.d.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:24

¹ tn Heb “these were the sons of Levi according to the house of their fathers, heads of the fathers, according to their numberings, by number of names, according to their heads, doer[s] of the work for the service of the house of the Lord, from a son of twenty years and upwards.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:25

¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:27

¹ tn Heb “for by the final words of David, they were the number of the sons of Levi, from a son of twenty years and upward.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:28

¹ tn Heb “For their assignment was at the hand of the sons of Aaron for the work of the house of the Lord concerning the courtyards and concerning the rooms and concerning the purification of all holiness and the work of the service of the house of God.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:29

¹ tn Heb “with respect to.”

² tn The Hebrew terms מְשׂוּרָה (mÿsurah) and מִדָּה (middah) refer to different types of measurements.

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:30

¹ tn Heb “and to stand.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:31

¹ tn Heb “by number according to the manner upon them, regularly before the Lord.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 23:32

¹ tn Heb “and they kept the charge of the tent of meeting and the charge of the holy place and the charge of the sons of Aaron, their brothers, for the service of the house of the Lord.”