2Ch 13:4-22 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 2 Chronicles 13:4-22 (NET)

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Context

13:4 Abijah ascended Mount Zemaraim, in the Ephraimite hill country, and said: “Listen to me, Jeroboam and all Israel! 13:5 Don’t you realize that the Lord God of Israel has given David and his dynasty lasting dominion over Israel by a formal agreement? 13:6 Jeroboam son of Nebat, a servant of Solomon son of David, rose up and rebelled against his master. 13:7 Lawless good-for-nothing men gathered around him and conspired against Rehoboam son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was an inexperienced young man and could not resist them. 13:8 Now you are declaring that you will resist the Lord’s rule through the Davidic dynasty. You have a huge army, and bring with you the gold calves that Jeroboam made for you as gods. 13:9 But you banished the Lord’s priests, Aaron’s descendants, and the Levites, and appointed your own priests just as the surrounding nations do! Anyone who comes to consecrate himself with a young bull or seven rams becomes a priest of these fake gods! 13:10 But as for us, the Lord is our God and we have not rejected him. Aaron’s descendants serve as the Lord’s priests and the Levites assist them with the work. 13:11 They offer burnt sacrifices to the Lord every morning and every evening, along with fragrant incense. They arrange the Bread of the Presence on a ritually clean table and light the lamps on the gold lampstand every evening. Certainly we are observing the Lord our God’s regulations, but you have rejected him. 13:12 Now look, God is with us as our leader. His priests are ready to blow the trumpets to signal the attack against you. You Israelites, don’t fight against the Lord God of your ancestors, for you will not win!” 13:13 Now Jeroboam had sent some men to ambush the Judahite army from behind. The main army was in front of the Judahite army; the ambushers were behind it. 13:14 The men of Judah turned around and realized they were being attacked from the front and the rear. So they cried out for help to the Lord. The priests blew their trumpets, 13:15 and the men of Judah gave the battle cry. As the men of Judah gave the battle cry, the Lord struck down Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah. 13:16 The Israelites fled from before the Judahite army, and God handed them over to the men of Judah. 13:17 Abijah and his army thoroughly defeated them; 500,000 well-trained Israelite men fell dead. 13:18 That day the Israelites were defeated; the men of Judah prevailed because they relied on the Lord God of their ancestors. 13:19 Abijah chased Jeroboam; he seized from him these cities: Bethel and its surrounding towns, Jeshanah and its surrounding towns, and Ephron and its surrounding towns. 13:20 Jeroboam did not regain power during the reign of Abijah. The Lord struck him down and he died. 13:21 Abijah’s power grew; he had fourteen wives and fathered twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters. 13:22 The rest of the events of Abijah’s reign, including his deeds and sayings, are recorded in the writings of the prophet Iddo.

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ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Aaron a son of Amram; brother of Moses,son of Amram (Kohath Levi); patriarch of Israel's priests,the clan or priestly line founded by Aaron

· Abijah the son and successor of King Rehoboam

· Bethel a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel

· Ephron son of Zohar the Hittite who sold a cave to Abraham,a mountain on the border of Judah and Benjamin (OS),a town on the south. border of Benjamin and about 5 km NE of Jerusalem

· Iddo father of Ahinadab, Solomon's deputy for food from Mahanaim,son of Joah of Gershom son of Levi,son of Zechariah; chief over Manasseh in Gilead under David,a prophet who wrote about the times of Solomon,grandfather of the prophet Zechariah; father of Berekiah,priest leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel,a leader of the Jews in Casiphia of Babylon

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jeroboam son of Nebat; first king of Israel after it split away from Judah; Jeroboam I,son and successor of Joash/Jehoash, King of Israel; Jeroboam II

· Jeshanah a town 9 km NNE of Bethel & 7 km SSW of Shiloh

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Levites relating to Levi and the priesthood given to him,a tribal name describing people and ceremonies as sacred

· Nebat a man of Ephraim; father of king Jeroboam

· Rehoboam a son of Solomon; the father of Abijah; an ancestor of Jesus,son and successor of King Solomon

· Solomon the tenth son of David; the father of Rehoboam; an ancestor of Jesus; the third king of Israel.,son of David and Bath-Sheba; successor of King David

· Zemaraim a town of Benjamin,a mountain in Ephraim

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:5 For other references to a “covenant of salt,” see Lev 2:13 and Num 18:19.

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:7 Heb “a young man and tender of heart.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:8 Or “horde”; or “multitude.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:9 Heb “whoever comes to fill his hand with a bull of a son of cattle, and seven rams, and he is a priest to no-gods.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:10 Heb “and priests serving the Lord [are] the sons of Aaron and the Levites in the work.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:11 Or “for.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:12 Heb “fathers” (also in v. 18).

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:13 Heb “Judah.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:14 Heb “and Judah turned, and, look, to them [was] the battle in front and behind.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:15 Heb “shouted out.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:16 Heb “them”; the referent (the men of Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:17 Heb “and [the] slain from Israel fell, five hundred thousand chosen men.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:18 Heb “at that time.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:19 For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:20 Heb “and the strength of Jeroboam was not retained again in the days of Abijah.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:21 Heb “lifted up for himself.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 13:22 Heb “and his ways and his words.”

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