Text -- 2 Kings 14:1-26 (NET)

Amaziah’s Reign over Judah

14:1 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Joash son of Joahaz, Joash’s son Amaziah became king over Judah. 14:2 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother was Jehoaddan, who was from Jerusalem. 14:3 He did what the Lord approved, but not like David his father. He followed the example of his father Joash. 14:4 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. 14:5 When he had secured control of the kingdom, he executed the servants who had assassinated his father. 14:6 But he did not execute the sons of the assassins. He obeyed the Lord’s commandment as recorded in the law scroll of Moses, “Fathers must not be put to death for what their sons do, and sons must not be put to death for what their fathers do. A man must be put to death only for his own sin.” 14:7 He defeated 10,000 Edomites in the Salt Valley; he captured Sela in battle and renamed it Joktheel, a name it has retained to this very day. 14:8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel. He said, “Come, let’s meet face to face.” 14:9 King Jehoash of Israel sent this message back to King Amaziah of Judah, “A thornbush in Lebanon sent this message to a cedar in Lebanon, ‘Give your daughter to my son as a wife.’ Then a wild animal of Lebanon came by and trampled down the thorn. 14:10 You thoroughly defeated Edom and it has gone to your head! Gloat over your success, but stay in your palace. Why bring calamity on yourself? Why bring down yourself and Judah along with you?” 14:11 But Amaziah would not heed the warning, so King Jehoash of Israel attacked. He and King Amaziah of Judah met face to face in Beth Shemesh of Judah. 14:12 Judah was defeated by Israel, and each man ran back home. 14:13 King Jehoash of Israel captured King Amaziah of Judah, son of Jehoash son of Ahaziah, in Beth Shemesh. He attacked Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Gate of Ephraim to the Corner Gate– a distance of about six hundred feet. 14:14 He took away all the gold and silver, all the items found in the Lord’s temple and in the treasuries of the royal palace, and some hostages. Then he went back to Samaria.( 14:15 The rest of the events of Jehoash’s reign, including all his accomplishments and his successful war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 14:16 Jehoash passed away and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. His son Jeroboam replaced him as king.) 14:17 King Amaziah son of Joash of Judah lived for fifteen years after the death of King Jehoash son of Jehoahaz of Israel. 14:18 The rest of the events of Amaziah’s reign are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 14:19 Conspirators plotted against him in Jerusalem, so he fled to Lachish. But they sent assassins after him and they killed him there. 14:20 His body was carried back by horses and he was buried in Jerusalem with his ancestors in the city of David. 14:21 All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in his father Amaziah’s place. 14:22 Azariah built up Elat and restored it to Judah after the king had passed away.

Jeroboam II’s Reign over Israel

14:23 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Judah’s King Amaziah, son of Joash, Jeroboam son of Joash became king over Israel. He reigned for forty-one years in Samaria. 14:24 He did evil in the sight of the Lord; he did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 14:25 He restored the border of Israel from Lebo Hamath in the north to the sea of the Arabah in the south, in accordance with the word of the Lord God of Israel announced through his servant Jonah son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath Hepher. 14:26 The Lord saw Israel’s intense suffering; everyone was weak and incapacitated and Israel had no deliverer.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:1

¹ sn The name Joahaz is an alternate form of Jehoahaz.

² sn The referent here is Joash of Judah (see 12:21), not Joash of Israel, mentioned earlier in the verse.

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:2

¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

² tn Heb “the name of his mother.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:3

¹ tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the Lord.”

² tn Heb “according to all which Joash his father had done, he did.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:5

¹ tn Heb “when the kingdom was secure in his hand.”

² tn Heb “he struck down his servants, the ones who had struck down the king, his father.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:6

¹ tn Heb “as it is written in the scroll of the law of Moses which the Lord commanded, saying.”

² tn Heb “on account of sons.”

³ tn Heb “on account of fathers.”

⁴ sn This law is recorded in Deut 24:16.

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:7

¹ tn Or “struck down.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:8

¹ tn Heb “let us look at each other [in the] face.” The expression refers here to meeting in battle. See v. 11.

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:9

¹ tn Heb “the animal of the field.”

² sn Judah is the thorn in the allegory. Amaziah’s success has deceived him into thinking he is on the same level as the major powers in the area (symbolized by the cedar). In reality he is not capable of withstanding an attack by a real military power such as Israel (symbolized by the wild animal).

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:10

¹ tn Or “you have indeed defeated Edom.”

² tn Heb “and your heart has lifted you up.”

³ tn Heb “be glorified.”

⁴ tn Heb “Why get involved in calamity and fall, you and Judah with you?”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:11

¹ tn Heb “did not listen.”

² tn Heb “went up.”

³ tn Heb “looked at each other [in the] face.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:12

¹ tn Heb “and Judah was struck down before Israel and they fled, each to his tent.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:13

¹ tc The MT has the plural form of the verb, but the final vav (ו) is virtually dittographic. The word that immediately follows in the Hebrew text begins with a yod (י). The form should be emended to the singular, which is consistent in number with the verb (“he broke down”) that follows.

² tn Heb “came to.”

³ tn Heb “four hundred cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about eighteen inches (45 cm) long.

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:14

¹ tn Heb “the sons of the pledges.”

² map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:15

¹ sn Jehoash and Joash are alternate forms of the same name.

² tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehoash, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:16

¹ tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:18

¹ tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Amaziah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:19

¹ tn Heb “and they conspired against him [with] a conspiracy in Jerusalem.”

² tn Heb “and they sent after him to Lachish.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:20

¹ tn Heb “and they carried him on horses.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:22

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Azariah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² sn This must refer to Amaziah.

³ tn Heb “lay with his fathers.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:23

¹ map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:24

¹ tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

² tn Heb “turn away from all.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:25

¹ tn The phrases “in the north” and “in the south” are added in the translation for clarification.

² tn Heb “which he spoke by the hand of.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 14:26

¹ tc Heb “for the Lord saw the very bitter affliction of Israel.” This translation assumes an emendation of מֹרֶה (moreh), which is meaningless here, to ַהמַּר (hammar), the adjective “bitter” functioning attributively with the article prefixed. This emendation is supported by the LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate. Another option would be מַר הוּא (mar hu’), “it was bitter.”

² tn Heb “[there was] none but the restrained, and [there was] none but the abandoned, and there was no deliverer for Israel.” On the meaning of the terms עָצוּר (’atsur) and עָזוּב (’azur), see the note at 1 Kgs 14:10.