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Text -- Psalms 78:1-69 (NET)

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Psalm 78
78:1 A well-written song by Asaph. Pay attention, my people, to my instruction! Listen to the words I speak! 78:2 I will sing a song that imparts wisdom; I will make insightful observations about the past. 78:3 What we have heard and learned– that which our ancestors have told us– 78:4 we will not hide from their descendants. We will tell the next generation about the Lord’s praiseworthy acts, about his strength and the amazing things he has done. 78:5 He established a rule in Jacob; he set up a law in Israel. He commanded our ancestors to make his deeds known to their descendants, 78:6 so that the next generation, children yet to be born, might know about them. They will grow up and tell their descendants about them. 78:7 Then they will place their confidence in God. They will not forget the works of God, and they will obey his commands. 78:8 Then they will not be like their ancestors, who were a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation that was not committed and faithful to God. 78:9 The Ephraimites were armed with bows, but they retreated in the day of battle. 78:10 They did not keep their covenant with God, and they refused to obey his law. 78:11 They forgot what he had done, the amazing things he had shown them. 78:12 He did amazing things in the sight of their ancestors, in the land of Egypt, in the region of Zoan. 78:13 He divided the sea and led them across it; he made the water stand in a heap. 78:14 He led them with a cloud by day, and with the light of a fire all night long. 78:15 He broke open rocks in the wilderness, and gave them enough water to fill the depths of the sea. 78:16 He caused streams to flow from the rock, and made the water flow like rivers. 78:17 Yet they continued to sin against him, and rebelled against the sovereign One in the desert. 78:18 They willfully challenged God by asking for food to satisfy their appetite. 78:19 They insulted God, saying, “Is God really able to give us food in the wilderness? 78:20 Yes, he struck a rock and water flowed out, streams gushed forth. But can he also give us food? Will he provide meat for his people?” 78:21 When the Lord heard this, he was furious. A fire broke out against Jacob, and his anger flared up against Israel, 78:22 because they did not have faith in God, and did not trust his ability to deliver them. 78:23 He gave a command to the clouds above, and opened the doors in the sky. 78:24 He rained down manna for them to eat; he gave them the grain of heaven. 78:25 Man ate the food of the mighty ones. He sent them more than enough to eat. 78:26 He brought the east wind through the sky, and by his strength led forth the south wind. 78:27 He rained down meat on them like dust, birds as numerous as the sand on the seashores. 78:28 He caused them to fall right in the middle of their camp, all around their homes. 78:29 They ate until they were stuffed; he gave them what they desired. 78:30 They were not yet filled up, their food was still in their mouths, 78:31 when the anger of God flared up against them. He killed some of the strongest of them; he brought the young men of Israel to their knees. 78:32 Despite all this, they continued to sin, and did not trust him to do amazing things. 78:33 So he caused them to die unsatisfied and filled with terror. 78:34 When he struck them down, they sought his favor; they turned back and longed for God. 78:35 They remembered that God was their protector, and that the sovereign God was their deliverer. 78:36 But they deceived him with their words, and lied to him. 78:37 They were not really committed to him, and they were unfaithful to his covenant. 78:38 Yet he is compassionate. He forgives sin and does not destroy. He often holds back his anger, and does not stir up his fury. 78:39 He remembered that they were made of flesh, and were like a wind that blows past and does not return. 78:40 How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness, and insulted him in the desert! 78:41 They again challenged God, and offended the Holy One of Israel. 78:42 They did not remember what he had done, how he delivered them from the enemy, 78:43 when he performed his awesome deeds in Egypt, and his acts of judgment in the region of Zoan. 78:44 He turned their rivers into blood, and they could not drink from their streams. 78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, as well as frogs that overran their land. 78:46 He gave their crops to the grasshopper, the fruit of their labor to the locust. 78:47 He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycamore-fig trees with driving rain. 78:48 He rained hail down on their cattle, and hurled lightning bolts down on their livestock. 78:49 His raging anger lashed out against them, He sent fury, rage, and trouble as messengers who bring disaster. 78:50 He sent his anger in full force; he did not spare them from death; he handed their lives over to destruction. 78:51 He struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of their reproductive power in the tents of Ham. 78:52 Yet he brought out his people like sheep; he led them through the wilderness like a flock. 78:53 He guided them safely along, while the sea covered their enemies. 78:54 He brought them to the border of his holy land, to this mountainous land which his right hand acquired. 78:55 He drove the nations out from before them; he assigned them their tribal allotments and allowed the tribes of Israel to settle down. 78:56 Yet they challenged and defied the sovereign God, and did not obey his commands. 78:57 They were unfaithful and acted as treacherously as their ancestors; they were as unreliable as a malfunctioning bow. 78:58 They made him angry with their pagan shrines, and made him jealous with their idols. 78:59 God heard and was angry; he completely rejected Israel. 78:60 He abandoned the sanctuary at Shiloh, the tent where he lived among men. 78:61 He allowed the symbol of his strong presence to be captured; he gave the symbol of his splendor into the hand of the enemy. 78:62 He delivered his people over to the sword, and was angry with his chosen nation. 78:63 Fire consumed their young men, and their virgins remained unmarried. 78:64 Their priests fell by the sword, but their widows did not weep. 78:65 But then the Lord awoke from his sleep; he was like a warrior in a drunken rage. 78:66 He drove his enemies back; he made them a permanent target for insults. 78:67 He rejected the tent of Joseph; he did not choose the tribe of Ephraim. 78:68 He chose the tribe of Judah, and Mount Zion, which he loves. 78:69 He made his sanctuary as enduring as the heavens above; as secure as the earth, which he established permanently.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Asaph father of Joah, Hezekiah's recorder,son of Berechiah the Levite; music minister under David,father of Zichri; a Levite ancestor of some returnees,an official over the (Persian) king's forest in Judah
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Ephraimites the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Ham a man and nation; son of Noah,a country occupied by the descendants of Ham
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jacob the second so of a pair of twins born to Isaac and Rebeccaa; ancestor of the 12 tribes of Israel,the nation of Israel,a person, male,son of Isaac; Israel the man and nation
 · Joseph the husband of Mary and foster-father of Jesus,a Jewish man from Arimathea in whose grave the body of Jesus was laid,two different men listed as ancestors of Jesus,a man nominated with Matthias to take the place of Judas Iscariot as apostle,a son of Jacob and Rachel; the father of Ephraim and Manasseh and ruler of Egypt,a brother of Jesus; a son of Mary,a man who was a companion of Paul,son of Jacob and Rachel; patriarch of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh,a tribe, actually two tribes named after Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh,father of Igal, of Issachar, who helped spy out Canaan,son of Asaph the Levite; worship leader under Asaph and King David,a man who put away his heathen wife; an Israelite descended from Binnui,priest and head of the house of Shebaniah under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Maskil a literary or musical term
 · sea the Dead Sea, at the southern end of the Jordan River,the Mediterranean Sea,the Persian Gulf south east of Babylon,the Red Sea
 · Shiloh a town having the Tent of Meeting in the time of Judges (IBD)
 · Zion one of the hills on which Jerusalem was built; the temple area; the city of Jerusalem; God's people,a town and citidel; an ancient part of Jerusalem
 · Zoan a town of Egypt on the east side of the Nile delta


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Asaph | Psalms | PLAGUES OF EGYPT | HEZEKIAH (2) | PROVIDENCE, 1 | Israel | Unbelief | Music | Wicked | God | Miracles | Backsliders | Blessing | EXODUS, THE BOOK OF, 3-4 | Meteorology and Celestial Phenomena | Egyptians | Ingratitude | Children | Idolatry | Instruction | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Psa 78:1 Heb “Turn your ear to the words of my mouth.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:2 Heb “I will open with a wise saying my mouth, I will utter insightful sayings from long ago.” Elsewhere the Hebrew word pair חִ...

NET Notes: Psa 78:3 Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 5, 8, 12, 57).

NET Notes: Psa 78:4 Heb “to a following generation telling the praises of the Lord.” “Praises” stand by metonymy for the mighty acts that prompt w...

NET Notes: Psa 78:5 Heb “which he commanded our fathers to make them known to their sons.” The plural suffix “them” probably refers back to the Lo...

NET Notes: Psa 78:6 Heb “in order that they might know, a following generation, sons [who] will be born, they will arise and will tell to their sons.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:7 Heb “keep.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:8 Heb “a generation that did not make firm its heart and whose spirit was not faithful with God.” The expression “make firm the heart&...

NET Notes: Psa 78:9 They retreated. This could refer to the northern tribes’ failure to conquer completely their allotted territory (see Judg 1), or it could refer ...

NET Notes: Psa 78:10 Heb “walk in.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:11 Heb “his deeds.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:12 The region of Zoan was located in the Egyptian delta, where the enslaved Israelites lived (see Num 13:22; Isa 19:11, 13; 30:4; Ezek 30:14).

NET Notes: Psa 78:15 Heb “and caused them to drink, like the depths, abundantly.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:17 Heb “rebelling [against] the Most High.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:18 Heb “and they tested God in their heart.” The “heart” is viewed here as the center of their volition.

NET Notes: Psa 78:19 Heb “to arrange a table [for food].”

NET Notes: Psa 78:20 Heb “look.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:21 Heb “and also anger went up.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:22 Heb “and they did not trust his deliverance.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:24 Manna was apparently shaped like a seed (Exod 16:31), perhaps explaining why it is here compared to grain.

NET Notes: Psa 78:25 Heb “provision he sent to them to satisfaction.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:27 Heb “and like the sand of the seas winged birds.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:29 Heb “and they ate and were very satisfied.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:30 Heb “they were not separated from their desire.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:32 Heb “and did not believe in his amazing deeds.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:33 Heb “and their years in terror.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:34 Heb “they sought him.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:35 Heb “and [that] God Most High [was] their redeemer.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:36 Heb “and with their tongue they lied to him.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:37 Heb “and their heart was not firm with him.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:38 One could translate v. 38 in the past tense (“he was compassionate…forgave sin and did not destroy…held back his anger, and did not ...

NET Notes: Psa 78:39 Heb “and he remembered that they [were] flesh, a wind [that] goes and does not return.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:40 Or “caused him pain.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:41 The basic sense of the word “holy” is “set apart from that which is commonplace, special, unique.” The Lord’s holiness i...

NET Notes: Psa 78:42 Heb “[the] day [in] which he ransomed them from [the] enemy.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:43 Or “portents, omens” (see Ps 71:7). The Egyptian plagues are referred to here (see vv. 44-51).

NET Notes: Psa 78:45 Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:48 Heb “and their livestock to the flames.” “Flames” here refer to the lightning bolts that accompanied the storm.

NET Notes: Psa 78:49 Heb “fury and indignation and trouble, a sending of messengers of disaster.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:50 Or perhaps “[the] plague.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:51 Heb “the beginning of strength.” If retained, the plural form אוֹנִים (’onim, “stren...

NET Notes: Psa 78:54 The “right hand” here symbolizes God’s military strength (see v. 55).

NET Notes: Psa 78:55 Heb “and caused the tribes of Israel to settle down in their tents.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:56 Heb “his testimonies” (see Ps 25:10).

NET Notes: Psa 78:57 Heb “they turned aside like a deceitful bow.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:58 Traditionally, “high places.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:60 Or “rejected.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:61 Verses 60-61 refer to the Philistines’ capture of the ark in the days of Eli (1 Sam 4:1-11).

NET Notes: Psa 78:62 Heb “his inheritance.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:63 Heb “were not praised,” that is, in wedding songs. The young men died in masses, leaving no husbands for the young women.

NET Notes: Psa 78:64 Because of the invading army and the ensuing panic, the priests’ widows had no time to carry out the normal mourning rites.

NET Notes: Psa 78:65 Heb “like a warrior overcome with wine.” The Hebrew verb רוּן (run, “overcome”) occurs only here in th...

NET Notes: Psa 78:66 Heb “a permanent reproach he made them.”

NET Notes: Psa 78:69 Heb “like the earth, [which] he established permanently.” The feminine singular suffix on the Hebrew verb יָסַ...

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