Discovery BoxLuke 7:1-32
Context7:1 After Jesus 1 had finished teaching all this to the people, 2 he entered Capernaum. 3 7:2 A centurion 4 there 5 had a slave 6 who was highly regarded, 7 but who was sick and at the point of death. 7:3 When the centurion 8 heard 9 about Jesus, he sent some Jewish elders 10 to him, asking him to come 11 and heal his slave. 7:4 When 12 they came 13 to Jesus, they urged 14 him earnestly, 15 “He is worthy 16 to have you do this for him, 7:5 because he loves our nation, 17 and even 18 built our synagogue.” 19 7:6 So 20 Jesus went with them. When 21 he was not far from the house, the centurion 22 sent friends to say to him, “Lord, do not trouble yourself, 23 for I am not worthy 24 to have you come under my roof. 7:7 That is why 25 I did not presume 26 to come to you. Instead, say the word, and my servant must be healed. 27 7:8 For I too am a man set under authority, with soldiers under me. 28 I say to this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes, 29 and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes, and to my slave, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.” 30 7:9 When Jesus heard this, he was amazed 31 at him. He turned and said to the crowd that followed him, “I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such faith!” 32 7:10 So 33 when those who had been sent returned to the house, they found the slave 34 well.
7:11 Soon 35 afterward 36 Jesus 37 went to a town 38 called Nain, and his disciples and a large crowd went with him. 7:12 As he approached the town gate, a man 39 who had died was being carried out, 40 the only son of his mother (who 41 was a widow 42 ), and a large crowd from the town 43 was with her. 7:13 When 44 the Lord saw her, he had compassion 45 for her and said to her, “Do not weep.” 46 7:14 Then 47 he came up 48 and touched 49 the bier, 50 and those who carried it stood still. He 51 said, “Young man, I say to you, get up!” 7:15 So 52 the dead man 53 sat up and began to speak, and Jesus 54 gave him back 55 to his mother. 7:16 Fear 56 seized them all, and they began to glorify 57 God, saying, “A great prophet 58 has appeared 59 among us!” and “God has come to help 60 his people!” 7:17 This 61 report 62 about Jesus 63 circulated 64 throughout 65 Judea and all the surrounding country.
7:18 John’s 66 disciples informed him about all these things. So 67 John called 68 two of his disciples 7:19 and sent them to Jesus 69 to ask, 70 “Are you the one who is to come, 71 or should we look for another?” 7:20 When 72 the men came to Jesus, 73 they said, “John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask, 74 ‘Are you the one who is to come, or should we look for another?’” 75 7:21 At that very time 76 Jesus 77 cured many people of diseases, sicknesses, 78 and evil spirits, and granted 79 sight to many who were blind. 7:22 So 80 he answered them, 81 “Go tell 82 John what you have seen and heard: 83 The blind see, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the 84 deaf hear, the dead are raised, the poor have good news proclaimed to them. 7:23 Blessed is anyone 85 who takes no offense at me.”
7:24 When 86 John’s messengers had gone, Jesus 87 began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness 88 to see? A reed shaken by the wind? 89 7:25 What 90 did you go out to see? A man dressed in fancy 91 clothes? 92 Look, those who wear fancy clothes and live in luxury 93 are in kings’ courts! 94 7:26 What did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more 95 than a prophet. 7:27 This is the one about whom it is written, ‘Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, 96 who will prepare your way before you.’ 97 7:28 I tell you, among those born of women no one is greater 98 than John. 99 Yet the one who is least 100 in the kingdom of God 101 is greater than he is.” 7:29 (Now 102 all the people who heard this, even the tax collectors, 103 acknowledged 104 God’s justice, because they had been baptized 105 with John’s baptism. 7:30 However, the Pharisees 106 and the experts in religious law 107 rejected God’s purpose 108 for themselves, because they had not been baptized 109 by John. 110 ) 111
7:31 “To what then should I compare the people 112 of this generation, and what are they like? 7:32 They are like children sitting in the marketplace and calling out to one another, 113
‘We played the flute for you, yet you did not dance; 114
we wailed in mourning, 115 yet you did not weep.’
[7:1] 1 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:1] 2 tn Grk “After he had completed all his sayings in the hearing of the people.”
[7:1] 3 sn Capernaum was a town on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee, 680 ft (204 m) below sea level. It was a major trade and economic center in the North Galilean region.
[7:2] 4 sn A centurion was a noncommissioned officer in the Roman army or one of the auxiliary territorial armies, commanding a centuria of (nominally) 100 men. The responsibilities of centurions were broadly similar to modern junior officers, but there was a wide gap in social status between them and officers, and relatively few were promoted beyond the rank of senior centurion. The Roman troops stationed in Judea were auxiliaries, who would normally be rewarded with Roman citizenship after 25 years of service. Some of the centurions may have served originally in the Roman legions (regular army) and thus gained their citizenship at enlistment. Others may have inherited it, like Paul.
[7:2] 5 tn The word “there” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
[7:2] 6 tn Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times… in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v. 1). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος) in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force. In addition, the parallel passage in Matt 8:6 uses the Greek term παῖς (pais), to refer to the centurion’s slave. This was a term often used of a slave who was regarded with some degree of affection, possibly a personal servant.
[7:2] 7 tn The term ἔντιμος (entimos) could mean “highly valued,” but this sounds too much like the slave was seen as an asset, while the text suggests a genuine care for the person. More archaically, it could be said the centurion was fond of this slave.
[7:3] 8 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the centurion) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:3] 9 tn The participle ἀκούσας (akousas) has been taken temporally.
[7:3] 10 sn Why some Jewish elders are sent as emissaries is not entirely clear, but the centurion was probably respecting ethnic boundaries, which were important in ancient Greco-Roman and Jewish culture. The parallel account in Matt 8:5-13 does not mention the emissaries.
[7:3] 11 tn The participle ἐλθών (elqwn) has been translated as an infinitive in parallel with διασώσῃ (diaswsh) due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[7:4] 12 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[7:4] 13 tn Although the participle παραγενόμενοι (paragenomenoi) is preceded by the Greek article (οἱ, Joi) which would normally cause it to be regarded as an adjectival or substantival participle, most modern translations, probably as a result of the necessities of contemporary English style, render it as a temporal participle (“when they came”).
[7:4] 15 tn Grk “urged him earnestly, saying”; the participle λέγοντες (legontes) is pleonastic (redundant) and has not been translated.
[7:4] 16 tn Grk “Worthy is he to have you do this”; the term “worthy” comes first in the direct discourse and is emphatic.
[7:5] 17 tn Or “people.” The use of ἔθνος (eqnos, “nation”) here instead of “God” probably meant the man was not a full proselyte, but that he had simply been supportive of the Jews and their culture. He could have been a God-fearer. The Romans saw a stable religious community as politically helpful and often supported it (Josephus, Ant. 16.6.2 [16.162-165], 19.6.3 [19.300-311]).
[7:5] 18 tn In the Greek text, the pronoun αὐτός (autos) is included, making this emphatic. Naturally the force of this statement is causative, meaning the centurion either had the synagogue built or donated the cost of its construction.
[7:5] 19 sn See the note on synagogues in 4:15.
[7:6] 20 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the resultative action.
[7:6] 21 tn The participle ἀπέχοντος (apeconto") has been taken temporally.
[7:6] 22 sn See the note on the word centurion in 7:2.
[7:6] 23 tn Or “do not be bothered.”
[7:6] 24 sn Note the humility in the centurion’s statement I am not worthy in light of what others think (as v. 4 notes). See Luke 5:8 for a similar example of humility.
[7:7] 25 tn Or “roof; therefore.”
[7:7] 26 tn Grk “I did not consider myself worthy to come to you.” See BDAG 94 s.v. ἀξιόω 1. “Presume” assumes this and expresses the idea in terms of offense.
[7:7] 27 tc The aorist imperative ἰαθήτω (iaqhtw, “must be healed”) is found in Ì75vid B L 1241 sa. Most
[7:8] 28 tn Grk “having soldiers under me.”
[7:8] 29 sn I say to this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes. The illustrations highlight the view of authority the soldier sees in the word of one who has authority. Since the centurion was a commander of a hundred soldiers, he understood what it was both to command others and to be obeyed.
[7:8] 30 tn The word “it” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[7:9] 31 tn Or “pleased with him and amazed.” The expanded translation brings out both Jesus’ sense of wonder at the deep insight of the soldier and the pleasure he had that he could present the man as an example of faith.
[7:9] 32 sn There are two elements to the faith that Jesus commended: The man’s humility and his sense of Jesus’ authority which recognized that only Jesus’ word, not his physical presence, were required.
[7:10] 33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the summarization at the end of the account.
[7:10] 34 tc Most
[7:11] 35 tn Grk “And it happened that soon.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
[7:11] 36 tc Several variants to ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ (egeneto en tw) are found before the adverb ἑξῆς (Jexh"), all of them clarifying by the use of the feminine article that the next day is meant (τῇ [th] in D; ἐγένετο τῇ in W; ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ in א* C K 565 892 1424 pm). But these readings are decidedly secondary, for they are more specific than Luke usually is, and involve an unparalleled construction (viz., article + ἡμέρα [Jhmera] + ἑξῆς; elsewhere, when Luke uses this adverb, the noun it modifies is either implied or after the adverb [cf. Luke 9:37; Acts 21:1; 25:17; 27:18)]. The reading adopted for the translation is a more general time indicator; the article τῷ modifies an implied χρόνῳ (cronw), with the general sense of “soon afterward.”
[7:11] 37 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:11] 38 tn The term πόλις (polis) can refer to a small town, which is what Nain was. It was about six miles southeast of Nazareth.
[7:12] 39 tn Grk “behold.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
[7:12] 40 tn That is, carried out for burial. This was a funeral procession.
[7:12] 41 tn Grk “and she.” The clause introduced by καί (kai) has been translated as a relative clause for the sake of English style.
[7:12] 42 sn The description of the woman as a widow would mean that she was now socially alone and without protection in 1st century Jewish culture.
[7:13] 44 tn Grk “And seeing her, the Lord.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. The participle ἰδών (idwn) has been taken temporally.
[7:13] 45 sn He had compassion. It is unusual for Luke to note such emotion by Jesus, though the other Synoptics tend to mention it (Matt 14:14; Mark 6:34; Matt 15:32; Mark 8:2).
[7:13] 46 tn The verb κλαίω (klaiw) denotes the loud wailing or lamenting typical of 1st century Jewish mourning.
[7:14] 47 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[7:14] 48 tn Grk “coming up, he touched.” The participle προσελθών (proselqwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[7:14] 49 sn The act of having touched the bier would have rendered Jesus ceremonially unclean, but it did not matter to him, since he was expressing his personal concern (Num 19:11, 16).
[7:14] 50 sn Although sometimes translated “coffin,” the bier was actually a stretcher or wooden plank on which the corpse was transported to the place of burial. See L&N 6.109.
[7:14] 51 tn Grk “And he.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[7:15] 52 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of Jesus’ command.
[7:15] 53 tn Or “the deceased.”
[7:15] 54 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:15] 55 tn In the context, the verb δίδωμι (didwmi) has been translated “gave back” rather than simply “gave.”
[7:16] 56 tn Or “Awe.” Grk “fear,” but the context and the following remark show that it is mixed with wonder; see L&N 53.59. This is a reaction to God’s work; see Luke 5:9.
[7:16] 57 tn This imperfect verb has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.
[7:16] 58 sn That Jesus was a great prophet was a natural conclusion for the crowd to make, given the healing; but Jesus is more than this. See Luke 9:8, 19-20.
[7:16] 60 tn Grk “visited,” but this conveys a different impression to a modern reader. L&N 85.11 renders the verb, “to be present, with the implication of concern – ‘to be present to help, to be on hand to aid.’ … ‘God has come to help his people’ Lk 7:16.” The language recalls Luke 1:68, 78.
[7:17] 61 tn Grk “And this.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[7:17] 62 sn See Luke 4:14 for a similar report.
[7:17] 63 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:17] 65 tn Grk “through the whole of.”
[7:18] 66 tn Grk “And John’s.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. This is a reference to John the Baptist as the following context makes clear.
[7:18] 67 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate that John’s action was a result of the report he had heard.
[7:18] 68 tn Grk “And calling two of his disciples, John sent.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesameno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[7:19] 69 tc ‡ Although most
[7:19] 70 tn Grk “to Jesus, saying,” but since this takes the form of a question, it is preferable to use the phrase “to ask” in English.
[7:19] 71 sn Aspects of Jesus’ ministry may have led John to question whether Jesus was the promised stronger and greater one who is to come that he had preached about in Luke 3:15-17.
[7:20] 72 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[7:20] 73 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:20] 74 tn Grk “to you, saying,” but since this takes the form of a question, it is preferable to use the phrase “to ask” in English.
[7:20] 75 tn This question is repeated word for word from v. 19.
[7:21] 76 tn Grk “In that hour.”
[7:21] 77 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:21] 78 tn Grk “and sicknesses,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[7:21] 79 tn Or “and bestowed (sight) on.”
[7:22] 80 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the relationship to Jesus’ miraculous cures in the preceding sentence.
[7:22] 81 tn Grk “answering, he said to them.” This is redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation to “he answered them.”
[7:22] 82 sn The same verb has been translated “inform” in 7:18.
[7:22] 83 sn What you have seen and heard. The following activities all paraphrase various OT descriptions of the time of promised salvation: Isa 35:5-6; 26:19; 29:18-19; 61:1. Jesus is answering not by acknowledging a title, but by pointing to the nature of his works, thus indicating the nature of the time.
[7:22] 84 tn Grk “and the,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[7:24] 86 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[7:24] 87 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:24] 89 tn There is a debate as to whether one should read this figuratively (“to see someone who is easily blown over?”) or literally (Grk “to see the wilderness vegetation?…No, to see a prophet”). Either view makes good sense, but the following examples suggest the question should be read literally and understood to point to the fact that a prophet drew them to the desert.
[7:25] 90 tn Grk “But what.” Here ἀλλά (alla, a strong contrastive in Greek) produces a somewhat awkward sense in English, and has not been translated. The same situation occurs at the beginning of v. 26.
[7:25] 91 tn Or “soft”; see L&N 79.100.
[7:25] 92 sn The reference to fancy clothes makes the point that John was not rich or powerful, in that he did not come from the wealthy classes.
[7:25] 93 tn See L&N 88.253, “to revel, to carouse, to live a life of luxury.”
[7:26] 95 tn John the Baptist is “more” because he introduces the one (Jesus) who brings the new era. The term is neuter, but may be understood as masculine in this context (BDAG 806 s.v. περισσότερος b.).
[7:27] 96 tn Grk “before your face” (an idiom).
[7:27] 97 sn The quotation is primarily from Mal 3:1 with pronouns from Exod 23:20. Here is the forerunner who points the way to the arrival of God’s salvation. His job is to prepare and guide the people, as the cloud did for Israel in the desert.
[7:28] 98 sn In the Greek text greater is at the beginning of the clause in the emphatic position. John the Baptist was the greatest man of the old era.
[7:28] 99 tc The earliest and best
[7:28] 100 sn After John comes a shift of eras. The new era is so great that the lowest member of it (the one who is least in the kingdom of God) is greater than the greatest one of the previous era.
[7:28] 101 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ proclamation. It is a realm in which Jesus rules and to which those who trust him belong. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21. It is not strictly future, though its full manifestation is yet to come. That is why membership in it starts right after John the Baptist.
[7:29] 102 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the comment by the author.
[7:29] 103 sn See the note on tax collectors in 3:12.
[7:29] 104 tn Or “vindicated God”; Grk “justified God.” This could be expanded to “vindicated and responded to God.” The point is that God’s goodness and grace as evidenced in the invitation to John was justified and responded to by the group one might least expect, tax collector and sinners. They had more spiritual sensitivity than others. The contrastive response is clear from v. 30.
[7:29] 105 tn The participle βαπτισθέντες (baptisqente") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.
[7:30] 106 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
[7:30] 107 tn That is, the experts in the interpretation of the Mosaic law (see also Luke 5:17, although the Greek term is not identical there, and Luke 10:25, where it is the same).
[7:30] 109 tn The participle βαπτισθέντες (baptisqente") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle; it could also be translated as means (“for themselves, by not having been baptized”). This is similar to the translation found in the NRSV.
[7:30] 110 tn Grk “by him”; the referent (John the Baptist) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:30] 111 sn Luke 7:29-30 forms something of an aside by the author. To indicate this, they have been placed in parentheses.
[7:31] 112 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo"). The comparison that follows in vv. 32-34 describes “this generation,” not Jesus and John.
[7:32] 113 tn Grk “They are like children sitting…and calling out…who say.”
[7:32] 114 sn ‘We played the flute for you, yet you did not dance…’ The children of this generation were making the complaint (see vv. 33-34) that others were not playing the game according to the way they played the music. John and Jesus did not follow “their tune.” Jesus’ complaint was that this generation wanted things their way, not God’s.
[7:32] 115 tn The verb ἐθρηνήσαμεν (eqrhnhsamen) refers to the loud wailing and lamenting used to mourn the dead in public in 1st century Jewish culture.
