Mark 8:12

8:12 Sighing deeply in his spirit he said, “Why does this generation look for a sign? I tell you the truth, ¹  no sign will be given to this generation.”

Isaiah 53:3

53:3 He was despised and rejected by people, ² 

one who experienced pain and was acquainted with illness;

people hid their faces from him; ³ 

he was despised, and we considered him insignificant. ⁴ 

Ezekiel 21:6-7

21:6 “And you, son of man, groan with an aching heart ⁵  and bitterness; groan before their eyes. 21:7 When they ask you, ‘Why are you groaning?’ you will reply, ‘Because of the report that has come. Every heart will melt with fear and every hand will be limp; everyone ⁶  will faint and every knee will be wet with urine.’ ⁷  Pay attention – it is coming and it will happen, declares the sovereign Lord.”

Luke 19:41

Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem under Judgment

19:41 Now ⁸  when Jesus ⁹  approached ¹⁰  and saw the city, he wept over it,

John 11:33

11:33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the people ¹¹  who had come with her weeping, he was intensely moved ¹²  in spirit and greatly distressed. ¹³ 

John 11:35

11:35 Jesus wept. ¹⁴ 

John 11:38

Lazarus Raised from the Dead

11:38 Jesus, intensely moved ¹⁵  again, came to the tomb. (Now it was a cave, and a stone was placed across it.) ¹⁶ 

Hebrews 4:15

4:15 For we do not have a high priest incapable of sympathizing with our weaknesses, but one who has been tempted in every way just as we are, yet without sin.

[8:12]  ¹ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[53:3]  ² tn Heb “lacking of men.” If the genitive is taken as specifying (“lacking with respect to men”), then the idea is that he lacked company because he was rejected by people. Another option is to take the genitive as indicating genus or larger class (i.e., “one lacking among men”). In this case one could translate, “he was a transient” (cf. the use of חָדֵל [khadel] in Ps 39:5 HT [39:4 ET]).

[53:3]  ³ tn Heb “like a hiding of the face from him,” i.e., “like one before whom the face is hidden” (see BDB 712 s.v. מַסְתֵּר).

[53:3]  ⁴ sn The servant is likened to a seriously ill person who is shunned by others because of his horrible disease.

[21:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “breaking loins.”

[21:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “every spirit will be dim.”

[21:7]  ⁷ sn This expression depicts in a very vivid way how they will be overcome with fear. See the note on the same phrase in 7:17.

[19:41]  ⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[19:41]  ⁹ tn Grk “he.”

[19:41]  ¹⁰ sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.

[11:33]  ¹¹ tn Or “the Judeans”; Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the friends, acquaintances, and relatives of Lazarus or his sisters who had come to mourn, since the Jewish religious authorities are specifically mentioned as a separate group in John 11:46-47. See also the notes on the phrase “the Jewish leaders” in v. 8, “the Jewish people of the region” in v. 19, and the word “people” in v. 31.

[11:33]  ¹² tn Or (perhaps) “he was deeply indignant.” The verb ἐνεβριμήσατο (enebrimhsato), which is repeated in John 11:38, indicates a strong display of emotion, somewhat difficult to translate – “shuddered, moved with the deepest emotions.” In the LXX, the verb and its cognates are used to describe a display of indignation (Dan 11:30, for example – see also Mark 14:5). Jesus displayed this reaction to the afflicted in Mark 1:43, Matt 9:30. Was he angry at the afflicted? No, but he was angry because he found himself face-to-face with the manifestations of Satan’s kingdom of evil. Here, the realm of Satan was represented by death.

[11:33]  ¹³ tn Or “greatly troubled.” The verb ταράσσω (tarassw) also occurs in similar contexts to those of ἐνεβριμήσατο (enebrimhsato). John uses it in 14:1 and 27 to describe the reaction of the disciples to the imminent death of Jesus, and in 13:21 the verb describes how Jesus reacted to the thought of being betrayed by Judas, into whose heart Satan had entered.

[11:35]  ¹⁴ sn Jesus wept. The Greek word used here for Jesus’ weeping (ἐδάκρυσεν, edakrusen) is different from the one used to describe the weeping of Mary and the Jews in v. 33 which indicated loud wailing and cries of lament. This word simply means “to shed tears” and has more the idea of quiet grief. But why did Jesus do this? Not out of grief for Lazarus, since he was about to be raised to life again. L. Morris (John [NICNT], 558) thinks it was grief over the misconception of those round about. But it seems that in the context the weeping is triggered by the thought of Lazarus in the tomb: This was not personal grief over the loss of a friend (since Lazarus was about to be restored to life) but grief over the effects of sin, death, and the realm of Satan. It was a natural complement to the previous emotional expression of anger (11:33). It is also possible that Jesus wept at the tomb of Lazarus because he knew there was also a tomb for himself ahead.

[11:38]  ¹⁵ tn Or (perhaps) “Jesus was deeply indignant.”

[11:38]  ¹⁶ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.