Zechariah 2:3

2:3 At this point the angelic messenger ¹  who spoke to me went out, and another messenger came to meet him

Zechariah 4:5

4:5 He replied, “Don’t you know what these are?” So I responded, “No, sir.”

Zechariah 5:5

Vision Seven: The Ephah

5:5 After this the angelic messenger ²  who had been speaking to me went out and said, “Look, see what is leaving.”

Zechariah 6:4-5

6:4 Then I asked the angelic messenger ³  who was speaking with me, “What are these, sir?” 6:5 The messenger replied, “These are the four spirits ⁴  of heaven that have been presenting themselves before the Lord of all the earth.

Genesis 31:11

31:11 In the dream the angel of God said to me, ‘Jacob!’ ‘Here I am!’ I replied.

Daniel 8:16

8:16 Then I heard a human voice coming from between the banks of the Ulai. It called out, “Gabriel, ⁵  enable this person to understand the vision.”

Daniel 9:22-23

9:22 He spoke with me, instructing me as follows: ⁶  “Daniel, I have now come to impart understanding to you. 9:23 At the beginning of your requests a message went out, and I have come to convey it to you, for you are of great value in God’s sight. ⁷  Therefore consider the message and understand the vision: ⁸ 

Daniel 10:11-14

10:11 He said to me, “Daniel, you are of great value. ⁹  Understand the words that I am about to ¹⁰  speak to you. So stand up, ¹¹  for I have now been sent to you.” When he said this ¹²  to me, I stood up shaking. 10:12 Then he said to me, “Don’t be afraid, Daniel, for from the very first day you applied your mind ¹³  to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard. I have come in response to your words. 10:13 However, the prince of the kingdom of Persia was opposing me for twenty-one days. But ¹⁴  Michael, one of the leading princes, came to help me, because I was left there ¹⁵  with the kings of Persia. 10:14 Now I have come to help you understand what will happen to your people in the latter days, for the vision pertains to future days.”

Revelation 17:1-7

The Great Prostitute and the Beast

17:1 Then ¹⁶  one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. ¹⁷  “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment ¹⁸  of the great prostitute who sits on many waters, 17:2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” ¹⁹  17:3 So ²⁰  he carried me away in the Spirit ²¹  to a wilderness, ²²  and there ²³  I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 17:4 Now ²⁴  the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, ²⁵  and adorned with gold, ²⁶  precious stones, and pearls. She held ²⁷  in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality. ²⁸  17:5 On ²⁹  her forehead was written a name, a mystery: ³⁰  “Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.” 17:6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who testified to Jesus. ³¹  I ³²  was greatly astounded ³³  when I saw her. 17:7 But ³⁴  the angel said to me, “Why are you astounded? I will interpret ³⁵  for you the mystery of the woman and of the beast with the seven heads and ten horns that carries her.

Revelation 19:9-10

19:9 Then ³⁶  the angel ³⁷  said to me, “Write the following: Blessed are those who are invited to the banquet at the wedding celebration of the Lamb!” He also said to me, “These are the true words of God.” 19:10 So ³⁸  I threw myself down ³⁹  at his feet to worship him, but ⁴⁰  he said, “Do not do this! ⁴¹  I am only ⁴²  a fellow servant ⁴³  with you and your brothers ⁴⁴  who hold to the testimony about ⁴⁵  Jesus. Worship God, for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

Revelation 22:8-16

22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things, ⁴⁶  and when I heard and saw them, ⁴⁷  I threw myself down ⁴⁸  to worship at the feet of the angel who was showing them to me. 22:9 But ⁴⁹  he said to me, “Do not do this! ⁵⁰  I am a fellow servant ⁵¹  with you and with your brothers the prophets, and with those who obey ⁵²  the words of this book. Worship God!” 22:10 Then ⁵³  he said to me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy contained in this book, because the time is near. 22:11 The evildoer must continue to do evil, ⁵⁴  and the one who is morally filthy ⁵⁵  must continue to be filthy. The ⁵⁶  one who is righteous must continue to act righteously, and the one who is holy must continue to be holy.”

22:12 (Look! I am coming soon,

and my reward is with me to pay ⁵⁷  each one according to what he has done!

22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega,

the first and the last,

the beginning and the end!) ⁵⁸ 

22:14 Blessed are those who wash their robes so they can have access ⁵⁹  to the tree of life and can enter into the city by the gates. 22:15 Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers ⁶⁰  and the sexually immoral, and the murderers, and the idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood! ⁶¹ 

22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” ⁶² 

[2:3]  ¹ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[5:5]  ² tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[6:4]  ³ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[6:5]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew term translated “spirit” here may also be translated “wind” or “breath” depending on the context (cf. ASV, NRSV, CEV “the four winds of heaven”; NAB similar).

[8:16]  ⁵ sn The only angels whose names are given in the OT are Gabriel (Dan 8:16; 9:21; cf. Luke 1:19, 26) and Michael (Dan 10:13, 21; 12:1; cf. Jude 9; Rev 12:7). The name Gabriel means in Hebrew “man of God,” and Michael means “who is like God?”

[9:22]  ⁶ tn Heb “he instructed and spoke with me.” The expression is a verbal hendiadys.

[9:23]  ⁷ tn Or “a precious treasure”; KJV “greatly beloved”; NASB, NIV “highly esteemed.”

[9:23]  ⁸ tn This sentence is perhaps a compound hendiadys (“give serious consideration to the revelatory vision”).

[10:11]  ⁸ tn Or “a treasured person”; KJV “a man greatly beloved”; NASB “man of high esteem.”

[10:11]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew participle is often used, as here, to refer to the imminent future.

[10:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “stand upon your standing.”

[10:11]  ¹¹ tn Heb “spoke this word.”

[10:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “gave your heart.”

[10:13]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and behold.”

[10:13]  ¹¹ tc The Greek version of Theodotion reads “I left him [i.e., Michael] there,” and this is followed by a number of English translations (cf. NAB, NRSV, NLT).

[17:1]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[17:1]  ¹² tn Grk “with me.” The translation “with me” implies that John was engaged in a dialogue with the one speaking to him (e.g., Jesus or an angel) when in reality it was a one-sided conversation, with John doing all the listening. For this reason, μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ (met’ emou, “with me”) was translated as “to me.”

[17:1]  ¹³ tn Here one Greek term, κρίμα (krima), has been translated by the two English terms “condemnation” and “punishment.” See BDAG 567 s.v. 4.b, “mostly in an unfavorable sense, of the condemnatory verdict and sometimes the subsequent punishment itself 2 Pt 2:3; Jd 4…τὸ κ. τῆς πόρνης the condemnation and punishment of the prostitute Rv 17:1.”

[17:2]  ¹² tn This is the same word translated “sexual immorality” earlier in the verse, but here the qualifier “sexual” has not been repeated for stylistic reasons.

[17:3]  ¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s invitation to witness the fate of the prostitute.

[17:3]  ¹⁴ tn Or “in the spirit.” “Spirit” could refer either to the Holy Spirit or the human spirit, but in either case John was in “a state of spiritual exaltation best described as a trance” (R. H. Mounce, Revelation [NICNT], 75).

[17:3]  ¹⁵ tn Or “desert.”

[17:3]  ¹⁶ tn The word “there” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied for stylistic reasons.

[17:4]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the detailed description of the woman, which is somewhat parenthetical in nature.

[17:4]  ¹⁵ tn The word “clothing” is supplied to clarify that the words “purple” and “scarlet” refer to cloth or garments rather than colors.

[17:4]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “gilded with gold” (an instance of semantic reinforcement, see L&N 49.29).

[17:4]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “pearls, having in her hand.” Due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[17:4]  ¹⁸ tc Several mss (including 1611 1854 2053 Ï^K pc) read “sexual immorality on/of the earth” (πορνείας τῆς γῆς, porneia" th" gh") instead of “her sexual immorality.” Other mss (א sy^h** [co]) read “her sexual immorality and the earth’s” (πορνείας αὐτῆς καὶ τῆς γῆς, porneia" aujth" kai th" gh"). The translation is a rendering of πορνείας αὐτῆς, found in {A 1006 2344 al}. It seems that the first reading “sexuality immorality on/of the earth” was a scribal mistake in which letters may have been confused (auths would have been read as thsghs), or was perhaps influenced by the presence of “of the world” (τῆς γῆς) at the end of v. 5. The original wording seems to be “her sexual immorality”; codex א has conflated the two readings.

[17:5]  ¹⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[17:5]  ¹⁶ tn Some translations consider the word μυστήριον (musthrion, “mystery”) a part of the name written (“Mystery Babylon the Great,” so KJV, NIV), but the gender of both ὄνομα (onoma, “name”) and μυστήριον are neuter, while the gender of “Babylon” is feminine. This strongly suggests that μυστήριον should be understood as an appositive to ὄνομα (“a name, i.e., a mystery”).

[17:6]  ¹⁶ tn Or “of the witnesses to Jesus.” Here the genitive ᾿Ιησοῦ (Ihsou) is taken as an objective genitive; Jesus is the object of their testimony.

[17:6]  ¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[17:6]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “I marveled a great marvel” (an idiom for great astonishment).

[17:7]  ¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[17:7]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “I will tell you,” but since what follows is the angel’s interpretation of the vision, “interpret for you” is the preferred translation here.

[19:9]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:9]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:10]  ¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s announcement.

[19:10]  ²⁰ tn Grk “I fell down at his feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

[19:10]  ²¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[19:10]  ²² tn On the elliptical expression ὅρα μή (Jora mh) BDAG 720 s.v. ὁράω B.2 states: “Elliptically…ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.”

[19:10]  ²³ tn The lowliness of a slave is emphasized in the Greek text with the emphatic position of σύνδουλος (sundoulo"). The use of “only” helps to bring this nuance out in English.

[19:10]  ²⁴ tn Grk “fellow slave.” See the note on the word “servants” in v. 2.

[19:10]  ²⁵ tn The Greek term “brother” literally refers to family relationships, but here it is used in a broader sense to connote familial relationships within the family of God (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 2.a).

[19:10]  ²⁶ tn The genitive ᾿Ιησοῦ (Ihsou) has been translated as an objective genitive here. A subjective genitive, also possible, would produce the meaning “who hold to what Jesus testifies.”

[22:8]  ²⁰ tn Or “I am John, the one who heard and saw these things.”

[22:8]  ²¹ tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[22:8]  ²² tn Grk “I fell down and worshiped at the feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

[22:9]  ²¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.

[22:9]  ²² tn On the elliptical expression ὅρα μή ({ora mh) BDAG 720 s.v. ὁράω B.2 states: “Elliptically…ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.”

[22:9]  ²³ tn Grk “fellow slave.” Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) is here translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[22:9]  ²⁴ tn Grk “keep” (an idiom for obedience).

[22:10]  ²² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[22:11]  ²³ tn Grk “must do evil still.”

[22:11]  ²⁴ tn For this translation see L&N 88.258; the term refers to living in moral filth.

[22:11]  ²⁵ tn Grk “filthy, and the.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, but because of the length and complexity of the construction a new sentence was started in the translation.

[22:12]  ²⁴ tn The Greek term may be translated either “pay” or “pay back” and has something of a double meaning here. However, because of the mention of “wages” (“reward,” another wordplay with two meanings) in the previous clause, the translation “pay” for ἀποδοῦναι (apodounai) was used here.

[22:13]  ²⁵ sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.

[22:14]  ²⁶ tn Grk “so that there will be to them authority over the tree of life.”

[22:15]  ²⁷ tn On the term φάρμακοι (farmakoi) see L&N 53.101.

[22:15]  ²⁸ tn Or “lying,” “deceit.”

[22:16]  ²⁸ tn On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρ. the morning star, Venus Rv 2:28; 22:16.”