Advanced Commentary
Texts -- Luke 2:1-9 (NET)
Pericope
NET
- Luk 2:1-7 -- The Census and the Birth of Jesus
- Luk 2:8-21 -- The Shepherds' Visit
Bible Dictionary
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Jesus, The Christ
[nave] JESUS, THE CHRIST. Index of Sub-topics History of; Miscellaneous Facts Concerning; Unclassified Scriptures Relating to; Ascension of; Atonement by; Attributes of; Compassion of; Confessing; Creator; Death of; Design of His...
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Jonah, Book of
[ebd] This book professes to give an account of what actually took place in the experience of the prophet. Some critics have sought to interpret the book as a parable or allegory, and not as a history. They have done so for variou...
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Mary
[ebd] Hebrew Miriam. (1.) The wife of Joseph, the mother of Jesus, called the "Virgin Mary," though never so designated in Scripture (Matt. 2:11; Acts 1:14). Little is known of her personal history. Her genealogy is given in Luke ...
[isbe] MARY - ma'-ri, mar'-i (Maria, Mariam, Greek form of Hebrew miryam): I. DEFINITION AND QUESTIONS OF IDENTIFICATION The Name Mary in the New Testament II. MARY, THE VIRGIN 1. Mary in the Infancy Narratives 2. Mary at Cana 3. M...
[nave] MARY 1. The mother of Jesus, Matt. 1:16; Luke 1:26-38; 2:5-19. Visits her cousin Elisabeth, Luke 1:39-56. Attends the feast at Jerusalem with her husband and her son, starts on the return, misses Jesus, seeks and finds him...
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JESUS CHRIST, 4A
[isbe] JESUS CHRIST, 4A - PART III. COURSE OF THE EARTHLY LIFE OF JESUS 1. Divisions of the History: The wonderful story of the life of the world's Redeemer which we are now to endeavor to trace falls naturally into several divisio...
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JOSEPH, HUSBAND OF MARY
[isbe] JOSEPH, HUSBAND OF MARY - 1. References in New Testament: (For etymology, etc., of Joseph, see JOSEPH): Joseph, the carpenter (Mt 13:55), was a "just man" (Mt 1:19 the King James Version), who belonged to Nazareth (Lk 2:4). ...
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PAPYRUS
[isbe] PAPYRUS - pa-pi'-rus (Cyperus papyrus; bublos, biblos, whence biblion, a roll, ta biblia, "the Books" = the Bible): 1. Papyrus Paper 2. Egyptian Papyri 3. Aramaic Papyri 4. Greek Papyri 5. Their Discovery. 6. Classical Papyr...
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Joseph
[ebd] remover or increaser. (1.) The elder of the two sons of Jacob by Rachel (Gen. 30:23, 24), who, on the occasion of his birth, said, "God hath taken away [Heb. 'asaph] my reproach." "The Lord shall add [Heb. yoseph] to me anot...
[nave] JOSEPH 1. Son of Jacob, Gen. 30:24. Personal appearance of, Gen. 39:6. His father's favorite child, Gen. 33:2; 37:3, 4, 35; 48:22; 1 Chr. 5:2; John 4:5. His father's partiality for, excites the jealousy of his brethren, G...
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Tribute
[isbe] TRIBUTE - trib'-ut (mac, "tribute," really meaning "forced laborers," "labor gang" (1 Ki 4:6; 9:15,21); also "forced service," "serfdom"; possibly "forced payment" is meant in Est 10:1; the idea contained in the modern word ...
[nave] TRIBUTE From conquered nations, Josh. 16:10; Judg. 1:30-33; 2 Kin. 15:19; 23:35; Matt. 17:24-27; 22:15-22; Luke 2:1-5. By Arabians to Solomon, 2 Chr. 9:14; to Jehoshaphat, 2 Chr. 17:11. See: Duty; Tax.
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Census
[ebd] There are five instances of a census of the Jewish people having been taken. (1.) In the fourth month after the Exodus, when the people were encamped at Sinai. The number of men from twenty years old and upward was then 603,...
[nave] CENSUS Numbering of Israel by Moses, Ex. 38:26; Num. 1; 3:14-43; 26; by David, 2 Sam. 24:1-9; 1 Chr. 21:1-8; 27:24. A poll tax to be levied at each, Ex. 30:12-16; 38:26. of citizens, Isa. 4:3. Of the Roman Empire, by Caes...
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Angel
[isbe] ANGEL - an'-jel (mal'akh; Septuagint and New Testament, aggelos): I. DEFINITION AND SCRIPTURE TERMS II. ANGELS IN OLD TESTAMENT 1. Nature, Appearances and Functions 2. The Angelic Host 3. The Angel of the Theophany III. ANGE...
[nave] ANGEL. One of the Holy Trinity Trinitarian authorities interpret the Scriptures cited under this topic as referring to Christ, who according to this view was the divine presence in the wilderness. Called Angel, Acts 7:30, ...
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Manger
[ebd] (Luke 2:7, 12, 16), the name (Gr. phatne, rendered "stall" in Luke 13:15) given to the place where the infant Redeemer was laid. It seems to have been a stall or crib for feeding cattle. Stables and mangers in our modern sen...
[isbe] MANGER - man'-jer (phatne): Properly the place in a stall or stable where the food of cattle is placed (in the Old Testament "crib" (Job 39:9; Prov 14:4; Isa 1:3)); thus also, apparently, in the narrative of the nativity in ...
[smith] This word occurs only in (Luke 2:7,12,16) in connection with the birth of Christ. It means a crib or feeding trough; but according to Schleusner its real signification in the New Testament is the open court-yard attached to t...
[nave] MANGER. Luke 2:7, 12, 16. Rendered stall, Luke 13:15.
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Bethlehem
[ebd] house of bread. (1.) A city in the "hill country" of Judah. It was originally called Ephrath (Gen. 35:16, 19; 48:7; Ruth 4:11). It was also called Beth-lehem Ephratah (Micah 5:2), Beth-lehem-judah (1 Sam. 17:12), and "the ci...
[isbe] BETHLEHEM - beth'-le-hem (bethlechem; Baithleem, or Bethleem, "house of David," or possibly "the house of Lakhmu," an Assyrian deity): I. Bethlehem Judah: Bethlehem Judah, or EPHRATH or EPHRATHAH (which see) is now Beit Lahm...
[nave] BETHLEHEM A city S.W. of Jerusalem, Judg. 17:7; 19:18. Called Ephratah and Ephrath, Gen. 48:7; Psa. 132:6; Mic. 5:2; and Beth-lehem-judah, Judg. 17:7-9; 19:1, 18; Ruth 1:1; 1 Sam. 17:12. Rachel dies and is buried at, Gen. ...
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Caesar
[ebd] the title assumed by the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. In the New Testament this title is given to various emperors as sovereigns of Judaea without their accompanying distinctive proper names (John 19:15; Acts 17:7). T...
[isbe] CAESAR - se'-zar (Kaisar): Originally the surname of the Julian gens (thus, Caius Julius Caesar); afterward a name borne by the Roman emperors. In the New Testament the name is definitely applied to Augustus (Lk 2:1, "Caesar...
[nave] CAESAR 1. Augustus, Luke 2:1. 2. Tiberius, Luke 3:1; 20:22. 3. Claudius, Acts 11:28. 4. Nero, Phil. 4:22. See: Appeal To Caesar.
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Cyrenius
[ebd] the Grecized form of Quirinus. His full name was Publius Sulpicius Quirinus. Recent historical investigation has proved that Quirinus was governor of Cilicia, which was annexed to Syria at the time of our Lord's birth. Cilic...
[smith] (warrior), the Greek form of the Roman name of Quirinus. The full name is Publius Sulpicius Quirinus. He was consul B.C. 12, and was made governor of Syria after the banishment of Archelaus in A.D. 6. He probably was twice go...
[nave] CYRENIUS, governor of Syria, Luke 2:2.
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INN
[ebd] in the modern sense, unknown in the East. The khans or caravanserais, which correspond to the European inn, are not alluded to in the Old Testament. The "inn" mentioned in Ex. 4:24 was just the halting-place of the caravan. ...
[isbe] INN - (malon; pandocheion, kataluma): 1. Earliest Night Resting-Places: The Hebrew word malon means literally, a "night resting-place," and might be applied to any spot where caravans (Gen 42:27; 43:21 the King James Version...
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Shepherd
[smith] In a nomadic state of society every man, from the sheikh down to the slave, is more or less a shepherd. The progenitors of the Jews in the patriarchal age were nomads, and their history is rich in scenes of pastoral life. The...
[nave] SHEPHERD One who cares for flocks, Gen. 31:38-40; Psa. 78:52, 53; Jer. 31:10; Amos 3:12; Luke 2:8. David the, defends his flock against a lion and a bear, 1 Sam. 17:34, 35. Causes the flock to rest, Psa. 23:2; Song 1:7; Je...
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Augustus
[ebd] the cognomen of the first Roman emperor, C. Julius Caesar Octavianus, during whose reign Christ was born (Luke 2:1). His decree that "all the world should be taxed" was the divinely ordered occasion of Jesus' being born, acc...
[isbe] AUGUSTUS - o-gus'-tus Augoustos: (1) The first Roman emperor, and noteworthy in Bible history as the emperor in whose reign the Incarnation took place (Lk 2:1). His original name was Caius Octavius Caepias and he was born in...
[nave] AUGUSTUS, a title of Roman emperors, Luke 2:1; Acts 25:21, 25; 27:1.
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Tax
[nave] TAX Poll, Ex. 30:11-16; 38:26; Neh. 10:32; Luke 2:1. Jesus pays, Matt. 17:24-27. Land, Gen. 41:34, 48; 2 Kin. 23:35. Land mortgaged for, Neh. 5:3, 4. Priests exempted from, Gen. 47:26; Ezra 7:24. Paid in grain, Amos 5:1...
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CHRONOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
[isbe] CHRONOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT - || I. CHRONOLOGY OF THE LIFE OF JESUS 1. Birth of Jesus (1) Death of Herod (2) Census of Quirinius (3) Star of the Magi (4) Course of Abijah (5) Day and Month (6) Summary 2. Baptism of Jesus...
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Syria
[nave] SYRIA, highlands lying between the river Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea. Called Aram, from the son of Shem, Gen. 10:22, 23; Num. 23:7; 1 Chr. 1:17; 2:23. In the time of Abraham it seems to have embraced the region betwe...
Arts
Hymns
(Note: In "active" or "on" condition, the hymns music will be played automatically when mouse hover on a hymns title)
- Alam Raya Berkumandang [KJ.101] ( Angels We Have Heard on High / Les anges dans nos campagnes )
- Anak Maria dalam Palungan [KJ.112]
- Bernyanyilah Merdu [KJ.106] ( Good Christian Men, Rejoice / In dulci jubilo )
- Dari Terbitnya Surya T'rang [KJ.137]
- Dengarlah Kidung [KJ.103]
- Di Dalam Palungan [KJ.102] ( Away in a Manger )
- Di Muka Tuhan Yesus [KJ.29]
- Di Palungan Dibaringkan [KJ.111]
- Gembala Waktu Malam G'lap [KJ.95a] ( While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks )
- Gembala Waktu Malam G'lap [KJ.95b] ( While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks )
- Hai Malaikat dari Sorga [KJ.97]
- Hai Mari Berhimpun [KJ.109] ( Adeste fideles / O Come, All Ye Faithful )
- Hai, Siarkan di Gunung [KJ.120]
- Jauh dari Sorga Datangku' [KJ.98] ( From Heaven Above to Earth I Come / Vom Himmel hock da komm ich her )
- Kandang Domba itu RumahNya [KJ.127]
- Kau, Yesus, Raja Mahakaya [KJ.297]
- Lahir Kristus di Dunia [KJ.125]
- Lahir Putera Mulia [KJ.132] ( Puer nobis nascitur / Unto Us a Boy Is Born )
- Malam Kudus [KJ.92] ( Silent Night / Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht )
- Mari, Lihatlah Semua [KJ.114]
- S'lamat, S'lamat Datang [KJ.123]
- T'lah Kutemukan Dasar Kuat [KJ.38]
- Takhta Mulia di Tempat Baka [KJ.108] ( Thou Didst Leave Thy Throne )
- [Luk 2:1] On A Day When Men Were Counted
- [Luk 2:6] The Friendly Beasts
- [Luk 2:6] Once In Royal David’s City
- [Luk 2:7] Ah, Dearest Jesus
- [Luk 2:7] Away In A Manger
- [Luk 2:7] Babe In Bethlem’s Manger, The
- [Luk 2:7] Child In The Manger
- [Luk 2:7] Come Rejoicing, Praises Voicing
- [Luk 2:7] Cradled In A Manger, Meanly
- [Luk 2:7] Dear Little One
- [Luk 2:7] Dear Little Stranger
- [Luk 2:7] Dost Thou In A Manger Lie?
- [Luk 2:7] Gentle Mary Laid Her Child
- [Luk 2:7] Give Heed, My Heart
- [Luk 2:7] Glad Christmas Bells
- [Luk 2:7] Hush, My Dear
- [Luk 2:7] In A Lowly Manger Sleeping
- [Luk 2:7] In The Bleak Midwinter
- [Luk 2:7] Infant Holy, Infant Lowly
- [Luk 2:7] Infant Lay Within A Shed, An
- [Luk 2:7] Listen, Lordings, Unto Me
- [Luk 2:7] Manger-babe, The
- [Luk 2:7] No Room In The Inn
- [Luk 2:7] O Child Of Lowly Manger Birth
- [Luk 2:7] O Jesus Christ, Thy Manger Is
- [Luk 2:7] Ring Out The Bells For Christmas
- [Luk 2:7] Sleep! Holy Babe
- [Luk 2:7] Sleep, Little Baby
- [Luk 2:7] Snow Lay On Ground, The
- [Luk 2:7] Tale Of The Olden Time, A
- [Luk 2:7] There Came A Little Child To Earth
- [Luk 2:7] There’s A Song In The Air
- [Luk 2:7] This Endris Night
- [Luk 2:7] To Thee My Heart I Offer
- [Luk 2:7] ’twas In The Winter Cold
- [Luk 2:7] Virgin Pure, Both Meek And Mild, A
- [Luk 2:7] Virgin Stills The Crying, The
- [Luk 2:7] When Christmas Morn Is Dawning
- [Luk 2:7] When Joseph Went With Mary
- [Luk 2:8] Child And The Shepherd, The
- [Luk 2:8] Christians, Awake, Salute The Happy Morn
- [Luk 2:8] Dawning Fair, Morning Wonderful
- [Luk 2:8] First Noel, The
- [Luk 2:8] Flocks Were Wrapped In Slumber, The
- [Luk 2:8] Go, Tell It On The Mountain
- [Luk 2:8] In The Field With Their Flocks Abiding
- [Luk 2:8] In The Silence Of The Night
- [Luk 2:8] It Came Upon The Midnight Clear
- [Luk 2:8] Long Ago
- [Luk 2:8] Long Years Ago O’er Bethlehem’s Hills
- [Luk 2:8] Lowly Shepherds Of Judea
- [Luk 2:8] O Holy Night
- [Luk 2:8] O Sing A Song Of Bethlehem
- [Luk 2:8] Over Bethl’em’s Hillside
- [Luk 2:8] Rise Up, Shepherd, And Follow
- [Luk 2:8] See Amid The Winter’s Snow
- [Luk 2:8] Shepherds Of Bethlehem, The
- [Luk 2:8] Shepherds! Shake Off Your Drowsy Sleep
- [Luk 2:8] Silent Night
- [Luk 2:8] Story That Never Grows Old, The
- [Luk 2:8] To Thee, O God, The Shepherd Kings
- [Luk 2:8] While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks
- [Luk 2:8] While Their Flocks The Shepherds Tended
- [Luk 2:8] Wonderful Night!
- [Luk 2:9] How Blest Were They On Bethlehem’s Plain
- [Luk 2:9] Once O’er Judea’s Hills By Night
- [Luk 2:9] Shepherd Band Their Flocks, A
- [Luk 2:9] To Weary Shepherds Sleeping
Questions
- The Bible has quite a bit to say about Mary and you can read this for yourself in the gospels, especially in Luke 1-3 and some in Matthew 1-3. But Scripture does not affirm what is believed about Mary by the Catholic church. ...
- Thanks for your question. I think it's a good one, and a very important one to answer correctly, especially in the light of some current false teaching, which claims that even God doesn't know all things in the future. The c...
- The brethren of Jesus are named in the New Testament as James, Joses, Simon and Judas. In Matt 12:46; Matt 13:55; John 2:12, and Acts 1:14 they are generally understood to be proper brothers, all being named together conjoint...
- Here are the passages in the New Testament where the Greek word (noun) for pastor is found: Matt. 9:36; 25:32; 26:31; Mk. 6:34; 14:27; Lk. 2:8, 15, 18, 20; Jn. 10:2, 11f, 14, 16; Eph. 4:11; Heb. 13:20; 1 Pet. 2:25 Here ...
- I'm going to copy some articles on this subject, but let me give you my summation of all of them. In the Old Testament, the firstborn son was the one who normally received a double inheritance, and was the one who would inher...
- As we are told in the Gospels that Herod was living and slaughtered the children after Jesus was born (see Matt 2:16), and as it is claimed by chronologists to be a matter of record that he died in 750 U.C., which corresponds...
- This is a subject that has been debated by scholars for many years. There are no passages that give the exact time historically speaking other than general historical references that have to be determined from what we know of...
- The purpose of publishing the Saviour's genealogy was to show that he had descended from David. If the genealogy of Mary had been given, it would have carried no weight with the Jews, as they would not admit the divine concep...
Resources/Books
Expository Notes on the Bible (Constable)
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There are two views among evangelicals as to the extent of the Flood.1. A universal flood.Evidence:a. The purpose of the Flood (6:5-7, 11-13).b. The need for an ark (6:14).c. The size of the ark (6:15-16).d. The universal ter...
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43:1-2 Ezekiel's guide next led him to the east gate in the outer wall. This was the wall of the millennial temple that he had been seeing and continued to see, not the wall of the Solomonic temple. There the prophet saw the ...
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2:1-2 When did the Magi visit Jesus in Bethlehem?74There are several factors that point to a time about a year after Jesus' birth. First, Matthew described Jesus as a "child"(Gr. paidion, v. 11), not an "infant"(Gr. brephos, ...
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I. Introduction 1:1-4II. The birth and childhood of Jesus 1:5-2:52A. The announcement of John the Baptist's birth 1:5-251. The introduction of John's parents 1:5-72. The angel's announcement to Zechariah 1:8-233. The pregnanc...
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This section contains material unique in Luke. The only repeated statement occurs in Luke 2:39 and Matthew 2:23. Other unique features are Luke's alternating the reader's attention between John and Jesus, and the joy that sev...
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As in the first part of this major section of the Gospel (1:5-56), Luke arranged his material in this one to compare and contrast John the Baptist and Jesus (1:57-2:52). In that section there was prediction, but in this one t...
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In narrating John's birth, Luke stressed his naming, but in his account of Jesus' birth, he concentrated on its setting.Luke's brief account of Jesus' birth emphasizes three things. He described the political situation to exp...
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There is great theological significance in this familiar passage. It comes through mainly in the angel's words and in the symbolism of what happened."In 2:8-14 we have a third annunciation scene, which follows the same patter...
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Jesus' obedience to His heavenly Father included obedience to His earthly parents (Exod. 20:12; cf. Col. 3:20). Luke balanced the former revelation of Jesus' deity with this indication of His humanity. His second reference to...
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Why did Luke place his genealogy of Jesus at this point in his Gospel? Probably he did so because this was the beginning of Jesus' public ministry. Matthew recorded Jesus' genealogy to show that He had a legitimate right by b...
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Luke's account of the events following Jesus' resurrection stresses the reality of that event and the reactions of the witnesses to it. All these people felt depressed because of Jesus' death, but when they learned of His res...
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Alford, Henry. The Greek Testament. New ed. 4 vols. London: Rivingtons, 1880.Bailey, Kenneth E. Poet and Peasant: A Literary-Cultural Approach to the Parables in Luke. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977.Bishop...
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Luke recorded this incident to show the method and direction of the church's expansion to God-fearing Gentiles who were attracted to Judaism at this time. This man had visited Jerusalem to worship, was studying the Old Testam...
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11:27 Prophets were still active in the church apparently until the completion of the New Testament canon. A prophet was a person to whom God had given ability to speak for Him (forth-telling, cf. 1 Cor. 14:1-5), which in som...
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"Peter's rescue from prison is an unusually vivid episode in Acts even when simply taken as a story about Peter. Because it is not connected with events in the chapters immediately before and after it, however, it may seem ra...
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1:9 John now addressed the seven churches to which he sent this epistolary prophecy directly. He described himself to his readers as their brother in Christ and a partaker with them in three things. These were, first, the rel...
Expositions Of Holy Scripture (Maclaren)
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And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. 9. And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them; and they were sor...