Exodus 9:13--10:29
send .... plagues <07971 04046> [send all.]
know <03045> [that thou.]
stretched out <07971> [stretch.]
struck <05221> [that.]
destroyed <03582> [cut off.]
for ... purpose <05668> [deed.]
stand <05975> [raised thee up. Heb. made thee stand. for to.]
name <08034> [that my.]
tomorrow <04279> [to-morrow.]
rain <04305> [I will cause.]
This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely any thing could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117.
gather <05756> [and gather.]
hail <01259> [the hail.]
take ... word ..... seriously <07760 01697> [regarded not. Heb. set not his heart unto.]
Lord sent ............. Lord <05414 03068> [the Lord sent.]
hail ............ hail <01259> [and hail.]
not ......... land <03808 0776> [none like.]
struck ................... struck .... grows <05221 06212> [smote every.]
sinned <02398> [I have.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Pray <06279> [Intreat.]
mighty thunderings <06963 0430> [mighty thunderings. Heb. voices of God.]
stay <05975> [ye shall.]
spread <06566> [spread.]
earth <0776> [that the earth.]
flax ................. flax <06594> [flax.]
The word {pishteh,} flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from {pashat,} to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors.
barley ......... barley <08184> [the barley.]
The Hebrew {se¢rah,} barley, in Arabic {shair,} and {shairat,} is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from {saƒr,} to stand on end as the hair of the head: hence {seƒr,} the hair of the head. So its Latin name {hordeum} is from {horreo,} to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May.
later crops <0648> [not grown up. Heb. hidden, or dark.]
spread out <06566> [spread.]
the <06963> [and the thunders.]
saw <07200> [saw.]
hardened <03513> [and hardened.]
hardened <03513> [I have hardened.]
display <07896> [that I.]
tell how ......... about <05608> [And that.]
know <03045> [that ye.]
How <04970> [How long.]
humble <06031> [humble.]
[tomorrow.]
locusts <0697> [locusts.]
The word {arbeh,} Locust, is derived from {ravah,} to multiply, be numerous, etc., because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of Grylli; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antenn‘ about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the mouth and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue: the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah.
surface <05869> [face. Heb. eye.]
remainder <03499> [the residue.]
fill <04390> [fill.]
fathers .... grandfathers <01> [which.]
turned <06437> [And he.]
menace <04170> [How long.]
menace <04170> [snare.]
Egypt <04714> [that Egypt.]
So <07725> [brought.]
Go .......... going <01980> [who. Heb. who, and who, etc.]
<03212> [We will go.]
sheep <06629> [our flocks.]
feast <02282> [a feast.]
release <07971> [be so.]
Watch ... Trouble <07200 07451> [look to it.]
want <01245> [for that.]
driven out <01644> [And they.]
Extend <05186> [Stretch.]
eat .... grows <0398 06212> [eat every.]
east wind ................ east wind <07307 06921> [east wind.]
locusts ........................... locusts <0697> [the locusts.]
was very severe <03966 03515> [very grievous.]
before <06440> [before.]
covered <03680> [For they.]
ate <0398> [did eat.]
summoned Moses <07121 04872> [called for. Heb. hastened to call. I have.]
forgive <05375> [forgive.]
pray <06279> [and intreat.]
death <04194> [this death.]
out <03318> [went.]
prayed <06279> [and intreated.]
very <03966> [a mighty.]
blew <08628> [cast. Heb. fastened. the Red sea.]
Extend <05186> [Stretch.]
darkness ........ darkness <02822> [darkness.]
As the Egyptians not only worshipped the light and sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. See Bryant, pp. 141-160.
darkness ........ darkness ....... felt <02822 04959> [even darkness which may be felt. Heb. that one may feel darkness.]
absolute darkness <02822 0653> [thick darkness.]
Israelites <01121> [but all.]
flocks <06629> [flocks.]
families <02945> [little ones.]
<03027> [us. Heb. into our hands. sacrifices.]
livestock <04735> [cattle.]
know <03045> [and we.]
Watch <03212 08104> [Get thee.]
when <03117> [for in that.]
see <07200> [I will see.]
