1 Samuel 9:17

9:17 When Samuel saw Saul, the Lord said, ¹  “Here is the man that I told you about! He will rule over my people.”

1 Samuel 16:1

Samuel Anoints David as King

16:1 The Lord said to Samuel, “How long do you intend to mourn for Saul? I have rejected him as king over Israel. ²  Fill your horn with olive oil and go! I am sending you to Jesse in Bethlehem, ³  for I have selected a king for myself from among his sons.” ⁴ 

1 Samuel 16:1

Samuel Anoints David as King

16:1 The Lord said to Samuel, “How long do you intend to mourn for Saul? I have rejected him as king over Israel. ⁵  Fill your horn with olive oil and go! I am sending you to Jesse in Bethlehem, ⁶  for I have selected a king for myself from among his sons.” ⁷ 

1 Samuel 28:5

28:5 When Saul saw the camp of the Philistines, he was absolutely terrified. ⁸ 

Jeremiah 27:5-7

27:5 “I made the earth and the people and animals on it by my mighty power and great strength, ⁹  and I give it to whomever I see fit. ¹⁰  27:6 I have at this time placed all these nations of yours under the power ¹¹  of my servant, ¹²  King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I have even made all the wild animals subject to him. ¹³  27:7 All nations must serve him and his son and grandson ¹⁴  until the time comes for his own nation to fall. ¹⁵  Then many nations and great kings will in turn subjugate Babylon. ¹⁶ 

Daniel 2:21

2:21 He changes times and seasons,

deposing some kings

and establishing others. ¹⁷ 

He gives wisdom to the wise;

he imparts knowledge to those with understanding; ¹⁸ 

Daniel 4:25

4:25 You will be driven ¹⁹  from human society, ²⁰  and you will live ²¹  with the wild animals. You will be fed ²²  grass like oxen, ²³  and you will become damp with the dew of the sky. Seven periods of time will pass by for you, before ²⁴  you understand that the Most High is ruler over human kingdoms and gives them to whomever he wishes.

Daniel 4:32

4:32 You will be driven from human society, and you will live with the wild animals. You will be fed grass like oxen, and seven periods of time will pass by for you before ²⁵  you understand that the Most High is ruler over human kingdoms and gives them to whomever he wishes.”

Daniel 5:18-31

5:18 As for you, O king, the most high God bestowed on your father Nebuchadnezzar a kingdom, greatness, honor, and majesty. ²⁶  5:19 Due to the greatness that he bestowed on him, all peoples, nations, and language groups were trembling with fear ²⁷  before him. He killed whom he wished, he spared ²⁸  whom he wished, he exalted whom he wished, and he brought low whom he wished. 5:20 And when his mind ²⁹  became arrogant ³⁰  and his spirit filled with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne and his honor was removed from him. 5:21 He was driven from human society, his mind ³¹  was changed to that of an animal, he lived ³²  with the wild donkeys, he was fed grass like oxen, and his body became damp with the dew of the sky, until he came to understand that the most high God rules over human kingdoms, and he appoints over them whomever he wishes.

5:22 “But you, his son ³³  Belshazzar, have not humbled yourself, ³⁴  although you knew all this. 5:23 Instead, you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven. You brought before you the vessels from his temple, and you and your nobles, together with your wives and concubines, drank wine from them. You praised the gods of silver, gold, bronze, iron, wood, and stone – gods ³⁵  that cannot see or hear or comprehend! But you have not glorified the God who has in his control ³⁶  your very breath and all your ways! 5:24 Therefore the palm of a hand was sent from him, and this writing was inscribed.

5:25 “This is the writing that was inscribed: MENE, MENE, ³⁷  TEQEL, and PHARSIN. ³⁸  5:26 This is the interpretation of the words: ³⁹  As for mene ⁴⁰  – God has numbered your kingdom’s days and brought it to an end. 5:27 As for teqel – you are weighed on the balances and found to be lacking. 5:28 As for peres ⁴¹  – your kingdom is divided and given over to the Medes and Persians.”

5:29 Then, on Belshazzar’s orders, ⁴²  Daniel was clothed in purple, a golden collar was placed around his neck, and he was proclaimed third ruler in the kingdom. 5:30 And in that very night Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, ⁴³  was killed. ⁴⁴  5:31 (6:1) ⁴⁵  So Darius the Mede took control of the kingdom when he was about sixty-two years old.

Daniel 7:13-14

7:13 I was watching in the night visions,

“And with ⁴⁶  the clouds of the sky ⁴⁷ 

one like a son of man ⁴⁸  was approaching.

He went up to the Ancient of Days

and was escorted ⁴⁹  before him.

7:14 To him was given ruling authority, honor, and sovereignty.

All peoples, nations, and language groups were serving ⁵⁰  him.

His authority is eternal and will not pass away. ⁵¹ 

His kingdom will not be destroyed. ⁵² 

Matthew 28:18

28:18 Then Jesus came up and said to them, ⁵³  “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.

Romans 13:1

Submission to Civil Government

13:1 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except by God’s appointment, ⁵⁴  and the authorities that exist have been instituted by God.

Revelation 19:16

19:16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh: “King of kings and Lord of lords.”

[9:17]  ¹ tn Heb “responded.”

[16:1]  ² tc The Lucianic recension of the Old Greek translation includes the following words: “And the Lord said to Samuel.”

[16:1]  ³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[16:1]  ⁴ tn Heb “for I have seen among his sons for me a king.”

[16:1]  ⁵ tc The Lucianic recension of the Old Greek translation includes the following words: “And the Lord said to Samuel.”

[16:1]  ⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[16:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “for I have seen among his sons for me a king.”

[28:5]  ⁸ tn Heb “he was afraid, and his heart was very terrified.”

[27:5]  ⁹ tn Heb “by my great power and my outstretched arm.” Again “arm” is symbolical for “strength.” Compare the similar expression in 21:5.

[27:5]  ¹⁰ sn See Dan 4:17 for a similar statement.

[27:6]  ¹¹ tn Heb “have given…into the hand of.”

[27:6]  ¹² sn See the study note on 25:9 for the significance of the application of this term to Nebuchadnezzar.

[27:6]  ¹³ tn Heb “I have given…to him to serve him.” The verb “give” in this syntactical situation is functioning like the Hiphil stem, i.e., as a causative. See Dan 1:9 for parallel usage. For the usage of “serve” meaning “be subject to” compare 2 Sam 22:44 and BDB 713 s.v. עָבַד 3.

[27:7]  ¹⁴ sn This is a figure that emphasizes that they will serve for a long time but not for an unlimited duration. The kingdom of Babylon lasted a relatively short time by ancient standards. It lasted from 605 b.c. when Nebuchadnezzar defeated Necho at Carchemish until the fall of Babylon in 538 b.c. There were only four rulers. Nebuchadnezzar was succeeded by his son, Evil Merodach (cf. 52:31), and two other rulers who were not descended from him.

[27:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “until the time of his land, even his, comes.” The independent pronoun is placed here for emphasis on the possessive pronoun. The word “time” is used by substitution for the things that are done in it (compare in the NT John 2:4; 7:30; 8:20 “his hour had not yet come”).

[27:7]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “him.” This is a good example of the figure of substitution where the person is put for his descendants or the nation or subject he rules. (See Gen 28:13-14 for another good example and Acts 22:7 in the NT.)

[2:21]  ¹⁷ tn Aram “kings.”

[2:21]  ¹⁸ tn Aram “the knowers of understanding.”

[4:25]  ¹⁹ tn The Aramaic indefinite active plural is used here like the English passive. So also in v. 28, 29,32.

[4:25]  ²⁰ tn Aram “from mankind.” So also in v. 32.

[4:25]  ²¹ tn Aram “your dwelling will be.” So also in v. 32.

[4:25]  ²² tn Or perhaps “be made to eat.”

[4:25]  ²³ sn Nebuchadnezzar’s insanity has features that are associated with the mental disorder known as boanthropy, in which the person so afflicted imagines himself to be an ox or a similar animal and behaves accordingly.

[4:25]  ²⁴ tn Aram “until.”

[4:32]  ²⁵ tn Aram “until.”

[5:18]  ²⁶ tn Or “royal greatness and majestic honor,” if the four terms are understood as a double hendiadys.

[5:19]  ²⁷ tn Aram “were trembling and fearing.” This can be treated as a hendiadys, “were trembling with fear.”

[5:19]  ²⁸ tn Aram “let live.” This Aramaic form is the aphel participle of חַיָה(khayah, “to live”). Theodotion and the Vulgate mistakenly take the form to be from מְחָא (mÿkha’, “to smite”).

[5:20]  ²⁹ tn Aram “heart.”

[5:20]  ³⁰ sn The point of describing Nebuchadnezzar as arrogant is that he had usurped divine prerogatives, and because of his immense arrogance God had dealt decisively with him.

[5:21]  ³¹ tn Aram “heart.”

[5:21]  ³² tn Aram “his dwelling.”

[5:22]  ³³ tn Or “descendant”; or “successor.”

[5:22]  ³⁴ tn Aram “your heart.”

[5:23]  ³⁵ tn Aram “which.”

[5:23]  ³⁶ tn Aram “in whose hand [are].”

[5:25]  ³⁷ tc The Greek version of Theodotion lacks the repetition of מְנֵא (mÿne’, cf. NAB).

[5:25]  ³⁸ tc The Aramaic word is plural. Theodotion has the singular (cf. NAB “PERES”).

[5:26]  ³⁹ tn Or “word” or “event.” See HALOT 1915 s.v. מִלָּה.

[5:26]  ⁴⁰ tn The Aramaic term מְנֵא (mÿne’) is a noun referring to a measure of weight. The linkage here to the verb “to number” (Aram. מְנָה, mÿnah) is a case of paronomasia rather than strict etymology. So also with תְּקֵל (tÿqel) and פַרְסִין (farsin). In the latter case there is an obvious wordplay with the name “Persian.”

[5:28]  ⁴¹ sn Peres (פְּרֵס) is the singular form of פַרְסִין (pharsin) in v. 25.

[5:29]  ⁴² tn Aram “Belshazzar spoke.”

[5:30]  ⁴³ tn Aram “king of the Chaldeans.”

[5:30]  ⁴⁴ sn The year was 539 B.C. At this time Daniel would have been approximately eighty-one years old. The relevant extra-biblical records describing the fall of Babylon include portions of Herodotus, Xenophon, Berossus (cited in Josephus), the Cyrus Cylinder, and the Babylonian Chronicle.

[5:31]  ⁴⁵ sn Beginning with 5:31, the verse numbers through 6:28 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Aramaic text (BHS), with 5:31 ET = 6:1 AT, 6:1 ET = 6:2 AT, 6:2 ET = 6:3 AT, 6:3 ET = 6:4 AT, etc., through 6:28 ET = 6:29 AT. Beginning with 7:1 the verse numbers in the English Bible and the Aramaic text are again the same.

[7:13]  ⁴⁶ tc The LXX has ἐπί (epi, “upon”) here (cf. Matt 24:30; 26:64). Theodotion has μετά (meta, “with”) here (cf. Mark 14:62; Rev 1:7).

[7:13]  ⁴⁷ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[7:13]  ⁴⁸ sn This text is probably the main OT background for Jesus’ use of the term “son of man.” In both Jewish and Christian circles the reference in the book of Daniel has traditionally been understood to refer to an individual, usually in a messianic sense. Many modern scholars, however, understand the reference to have a corporate identity. In this view, the “son of man” is to be equated with the “holy ones” (vv. 18, 21, 22, 25) or the “people of the holy ones” (v. 27) and understood as a reference to the Jewish people. Others understand Daniel’s reference to be to the angel Michael.

[7:13]  ⁴⁹ tn Aram “they brought him near.”

[7:14]  ⁵⁰ tn Some take “serving” here in the sense of “worshiping.”

[7:14]  ⁵¹ tn Aram “is an eternal authority which will not pass away.”

[7:14]  ⁵² tn Aram “is one which will not be destroyed.”

[28:18]  ⁵³ tn Grk “coming, Jesus spoke to them, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn, “saying”) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[13:1]  ⁵⁴ tn Grk “by God.”