1 Chronicles 18:1--21:30
Later <0310> [A.M. 2964. B.C. 1040. An. Ex. Is. 451. after this.]
Gath <01661> [Gath.]
[Metheg-ammah.]
defeated <05221> [He smote.]
brought tribute <04503 05375> [brought gifts.]
<01928> [Hadarezer.]
Hadadezer, [Hadad'ezer <\\See definition 01909\\>,] in the parallel passage, seems an evident mistake for [Hadar'ezer <\\See definition 01928\\>,] Hadarezer; for the LXX. and Vulgate there, as here, read [Adaraazar,] Adarezer. The difference arises from the mistake of a [Rˆysh,] {raish,} for a [Dƒleth,] {daleth,} two letters very similar.
[Hadadezer. Zobah.]
River <05104> [by the river.]
1,000 ... 7,000 .... 20,000 <0505 07651> [seven thousand.]
[seven hundred. David.]
The words {wyakker Dawid eth col haraichev,} should be rendered, "and David disjointed all the chariots;" which is nearly the rendering of the LXX., [kai paraluse David panta ta armata.] To have houghed the horses would have been both unreasonable and inhuman; for, as he had gained so complete a victory, there was no danger of their falling into the hands of the enemy; and if he did not choose to keep them, which indeed the law would not permit, he ought to have killed them outright.
cut the hamstrings <06131> [houghed.]
chariots ............... hundred .... chariot horses <07393 03967> [an hundred chariots.]
Arameans ................. Arameans <0758> [the Syrians.]
Damascus <01834> [Damascus. Heb. Darmesek. to help.]
Zobah <06678> [Zobah.]
David ............... David's ......... David <01732> [became David's.]
Lord <03068> [Thus the Lord.]
shields <07982> [shields.]
Tibhath <02880> [Tibhath.]
[Betah, Berothai. wherewith.]
Tou <08583> [Tou.]
[Toi.]
Hadoram <01913> [Hadoram. or Joram.]
Joram, in the parallel text, seems a mistake for Hadoram, or Idoram; for the LXX. have there [Leddouram.]
pronounce <07592> [enquire. or salute him. congratulate him. Heb. bless him.]
<0376> [had war. Heb. was the man of wars. all manner.]
dedicated <06942> [dedicated.]
Ammonites <01121> [the children.]
Amalek <06002> [Amalek.]
Abishai <052> [Moreover.]
Abishai <052> [Abishai. Heb. Abshai.]
killed ... Edomites <05221 0123> [slew of the Edomites.]
Valley ... Salt <04417 01516> [the valley of Salt.]
garrisons <05333> [garrisons.]
Edom ..... Edomites <0123> [all the Edomites.]
Lord <03068> [Thus the Lord.]
David <01732> [David.]
guaranteed <06213> [executed.]
Joab <03097> [Joab.]
Jehoshaphat <03092> [Jehoshaphat.]
secretary <02142> [recorder. or, remembrancer.]
Abimelech <040> [Abimelech.]
[Ahimelech. Abiathar.]
Shavsha <07798> [Shavsha.]
[Seraiah.]
[Sheva.]
[Shisha.]
Benaiah <01141> [Benaiah.]
Kerethites <03774> [Cherethites.]
king's <03027 04428> [about the king. Heb. at the hand of the king.]
Nahash <05176> [Nahash.]
express <06213> [I will shew.]
son ........................... Ammonite <01121> [the children.]
officials <08269> [but the princes.]
David <05869 01732> [Thinkest thou that David. Heb. In thine eyes doth David.]
they can ... information <02713> [to search.]
seized David's <03947 01732> [took David's.]
shaved their beards off ... cut off <01548 03772> [shaved them.]
cut off <03772> [and cut.]
sent ... away <07971> [sent them.]
told David <01732 05046> [and told David.]
Jericho <03405> [at Jericho.]
beards <02206> [your beards.]
disgusted <0887> [had made.]
disgusted <0887> [odious. Heb. to stink.]
1,000 <0505> [a thousand.]
Aram <0758> [Syria-maachah.]
Zobah <06678> [Zobah.]
hired <07936> [hired.]
32,000 <07970> [thirty.]
Thirty-two thousand soldiers, exclusive of the thousand send by the Maachah, are mentioned in the parallel passage (2 Sa 10:6;) but of chariots or cavalry there is no mention; and the number of chariots stated here is prodigious, and beyond all credibility. But as the word {raichev} denotes not only a chariot, but a rider, (see Isa 21:7,) it ought most probably to be rendered here, in a collective sense, cavalry; and then the number of troops will exactly agree with the passage in Samuel. It is probable that they were a kind of auxiliary troops who were usually mounted on horses, or in chariots, but who occasionally served as foot-soldiers.
king ... Maacah <04601 04428> [the king of Maachah.]
This variation exists only in the translation, the original being the same in both places, {melech m„achah,} "the king of Maachah."
king <04428> [king Maachah. Medeba.]
Joab <03097> [Joab.]
battle <04421> [put the battle.]
kings <04428> [the kings.]
Joab <03097> [when Joab.]
battle <04421> [battle. Heb. face of the battle. set against.]
chose <0977> [choice. or, young men.]
Abishai <052> [Abishai. Heb. Abshai.]
The variation of ['AbŒyshay <\\See definition 052\\>,] Abishai, and ['Abshay <\\See definition 052\\>,] Abshai, is simply caused by the elision of [Y“wd,] {yood,} which is by no means uncommon.
deployed <06186> [and they set.]
Arameans <0758> [If the Syrians.]
strong .... bravely <02388> [of good.]
strong .... bravely <02388> [let us behave, etc.]
In Samuel, "let us play the men;" but the original is the same in both places, {nithchazzak}.
Lord <03068> [let the Lord.]
fled <05127> [they fled.]
flee ... fled <05127> [they likewise.]
<03318> [A.M. 2968. B.C. 1036. An. Ex. Is. 455. and drew.]
Euphrates <05104> [river. that is, Euphrates. Shophach.]
This variation arises from the permutation of [Bˆyth,] {baith,} and [Pˆ,] {pay;} being written in the parallel passage [Sh“wbƒk <\\See definition 07731\\>,] Shobach, and here [Sh“wphƒk <\\See definition 07780\\>,] Shophach.
[Shobach.]
deployed <06186> [upon them.]
Instead of {alaihem,} "upon them," it is in 2 Sa 10:17 {chelamah,} "to Helam:" the one seems evidently to be a mistake for the other.
deployed <06186> [and set.]
fled before Israel <05127 06440 03478> [fled before Israel.]
7,000 ..... 40,000 <07651 0505> [seven thousand.]
In the parallel passage, "the men of seven hundred chariots;" which difference probably arose from mistaking [N–wn,] {noon final}, which stands for 700, for [Zayin,] {zayin,} with a dot above, which denotes 7,000, or vice versa: the great similarity of these letters might easily cause the one to be mistaken for the other.
<0376> [footmen.]
If these troops were as we have suppose, a kind of dismounted cavalry, the terms footmen and horsemen might be indifferently applied to them.
[horsemen.]
subjects <05650> [the servants.]
willing <014> [would.]
time <06256> [A.M. 2969. B.C. 1035. An. Ex. Is. 456. And it came.]
spring .... time <08141 08666 06256> [after the year was expired. Heb. at the return of the year.]
devastated <07843> [wasted.]
Rabbah ......... Rabbah <07237> [Rabbah.]
Joab ........................ Joab defeated <05221 03097> [Joab smote.]
David ............... weight .............. He <04948 01732> [it. Heb. the weight of it. and he brought.]
removed <03318> [And he.]
made them do hard labor <07787> [and cut.]
Instead of {wyyasar,} "and he cut," the parallel passage is {wyyasem,} "and he put them;" which is also the reading here of seven MSS. collated by Dr. Kennicott. Sawing asunder, etc., of human beings, have no more place in the text, than they had in David's conduct towards the Ammonites.
saws ..... axes <04050> [with saws.]
there was <05975> [A.M. 2986. B.C. 1018. An. Ex. Is. 473. there arose. or, there continued. Heb. there stood.]
Gezer <01507> [Gezer. or, Gob.]
Sibbekai <05444> [Sibbechai.]
Sippai <05598> [Sippai.]
[Saph. the giant. or, Rapha.]
Jair <03265> [Jair.]
[Jaare-oregim. Goliath.]
large <04060> [of great stature. Heb. of measure.]
descendant ... Rapha <07497 03205> [the son of the giant. Heb. born to the giant. or Rapha.]
taunted <02778> [defied. or, reproached.]
Shimea <08092> [Shimea.]
[Shimma.]
[Shammah.]
killed <05307> [they fell.]
adversary <07854> [A.M. 2987. B.C. 1017. An. Ex. Is. 474. Satan.]
inciting David <01732 05496> [provoked David.]
Joab <03097> [Joab.]
Beer Sheba <0884> [Beer-sheba.]
bring <0935> [bring.]
know <03045> [that I may.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
judgment <0819> [why will.]
king's <04428> [the king's.]
Joab's .... Joab <03097> [Wherefore.]
traveled <01980> [and went.]
1,100,000 ....... 470,000 <0505> [a thousand.]
The Syriac has 800,000 as in the parallel passage of Samuel.
Levi <03878> [Levi.]
Joab <03097> [Joab.]
God <0430 03415 01697> [And God was displeased with this thing. Heb. And it was evil in the eyes of God concerning this thing.]
attacked <05221> [he smote.]
sinned <02398> [I have sinned.]
remove <05674> [do away.]
greatly ... doing ............... very <06213 03966> [I have done.]
Gad <01410> [Gad.]
three forms <05186 07969> [offer thee. Heb. stretch out. choose.]
<06213> [that I may.]
Pick <06901> [Choose thee. Heb. Take to thee.]
three .... famine ... three ............... three <07458 07969> [three year's famine.]
In 2 Sa 24:13, it is seven years; but the Septuagint has there [tria <\\See definition 5140\\> ete,] three years, as here; which is, no doubt, the true reading; the letter [Zayin,] {zayin,} seven, being mistaken for [Giymel,] {gimmel,} three.
chased <05595> [to be destroyed.]
swords ........ by <02719> [the sword.]
plague <01698> [even the pestilence.]
messenger <04397> [the angel.]
decide <07200> [Now therefore.]
very ............... very <03966> [I am in.]
prefer .................... attacked <05307> [let me fall.]
David here acted nobly: had he chosen war, his personal safety was in no danger, as there was an ordinance preventing him from going to battle; and in famine, his wealth would have secured his and his family's support; but all were equally exposed to the pestilence.
very ............... very great <03966 07227> [great. or, many.]
prefer .................... attacked <05307> [but let me.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
70,000 <07657> [seventy.]
Jerusalem <03389> [unto Jerusalem.]
doing ....... relented .... judgment <05162 07451> [repented him.]
enough <07227> [It is enough.]
Ornan <0771> [Ornan.]
[Araunah.]
saw .... messenger <04397 07200> [saw the angel.]
covered <03680> [clothed.]
threw ...... faces <05307 06440> [fell upon.]
said .......... decided <0559> [Is it not I.]
sheep <06629> [these sheep.]
done <06213> [what have.]
family <03027> [let thine.]
family <01> [on my father's.]
plague <04046> [that they should.]
messenger <04397> [the angel.]
David <01732> [that David.]
up <05927> [went up.]
Ornan <0771> [And Ornan, etc. or,]
When Ornan turned back and saw the angel, then he, and his four sons with him, hid themselves.
David ......... David .......... bowed ... David <07812 01732> [bowed himself.]
Sell .................. pay <05414> [Grant. Heb. Give.]
Sell .................. pay <05414> [thou shalt grant.]
plague <04046> [that the plague.]
have .... master <03947 0113> [Take it.]
oxen <01241> [the oxen.]
insist .... it <07069> [Nay.]
<05375> [for I will not.]
It is a maxim from heaven, "Honour the Lord with thy substance." He who has a religion that costs him nothing, has a religion that is worth nothing; nor will any man esteem the ordinances of God, if those ordinances cost him nothing. Had Araunah's noble offer been accepted, it would have been Araunah's sacrifice, not David's; nor would it have answered the end of turning away the displeasure of the Most High. It was David that sinned, not Araunah; therefore David must offer sacrifice.
built .... altar ................................... altar <01129 04196> [built there.]
called <07121> [and called.]
fire <0784> [by fire.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
back <07725> [he put.]
tabernacle <04908> [the tabernacle.]
Gibeon <01391> [Gibeon.]
afraid <01204> [he was afraid.]
