2 Samuel 8:1-18
Later <0310> [A.M. 2964. B.C. 1040. An. Ex. Is. 451. And after.]
Metheg <04965> [Metheg-ammah. or, the bridle of Ammah.]
[Gath.]
In the parallel passage of Chronicles, we read, "David took Gath and her towns;" and it is probable, that Gath and its districts were called Metheg-ammah in David's time; which, being unusual or becoming obsolete, in the time of the author of the Chronicles, led him thus to explain it.
defeated <05221> [he smote.]
measure ... off ... put <04058> [measured.]
Moabites ............................... Moabites <04124> [And so.]
brought tribute <04503 05375> [brought gifts.]
Hadadezer <01909> [Hadadezer.]
[Hadarezer. Zobah.]
Euphrates <05104> [at the river.]
1,700 .... 20,000 <0505> [from him. or, of his. chariots.]
As 1 Ch 18:4 seven hundred. In the parallel place in Chronicles it is "seven thousand horsemen, a far more probable number. The letter [Zayin,] {zayin,} with a dot upon it stands for seven thousand, and the final letter N–wn,] {noon,} for seven hundred: the great similarity of these letters might easily cause the one to be mistaken for the other, and so produce an error in this place.
David .......... David cut the hamstrings <06131 01732> [David houghed.]
but <03498> [reserved.]
Arameans ................. Arameans <0758> [And when.]
<0935> [came.]
Zobah <06678> [Zobah.]
From 2 Ch 8:3, we learn that Zobah was the district in which Tadmor or Palymyra was situated; and consequently lay between the land of Israel and the Euphrates. The capital was probably the same as the Sabe mentioned by Ptolemy as a city of Arabia Deserta.
garrisons <05333> [garrisons.]
subjects <05650> [became.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
shields <07982> [shields.]
Tebah <0984> [Betah.]
Probably the same as Bathne in Syria, between Bero‘ea and Hierapolis.
[Tibhath, Chun. Berothai.]
Berothai is probably the Barathena of Ptolemy, which he mentions, along with Sabe, as a city of Arabia Deserta, in the confines of the Palmyrenian district.
<03966> [exceeding.]
Toi <08583> [Toi.]
[Tou. Hamath.]
Joram ............................... brought <03141 03027> [Joram.]
[Hadoram. salute him. Heb. ask him of peace.]
blessing ...... victory <01288 03898> [to bless him.]
<0376> [had wars. Heb. was a man of wars. brought with him. Heb. in his hand were.]
King ........................... subdued <04428 03533> [Which.]
Aram <0758> [Syria.]
famous <06213 08034> [gat him.]
defeating <05221> [smiting. Heb. his smiting. the valley of salt.]
18,000 <08083> [being. or, slaying.]
Edom ..... Edomites <0123> [all they.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Israel <03478> [over all Israel.]
David ...... he guaranteed <06213 01732> [David executed.]
Joab <03097> [Joab.]
Jehoshaphat <03092> [Jehoshaphat.]
secretary <02142> [recorder. or, remembrancer, or writer of chronicles.]
Zadok <06659> [Zadok.]
Seraiah <08304> [and Seraiah.]
[Shavsha. scribe. or, secretary.]
Benaiah <01141> [Benaiah.]
Kerithites <03774> [the Cherethites.]
priests <03548> [chief rulers. or, princes.]
2 Samuel 10:1-19
[AM 2967. B.C. 1037. An. Ex. Is. 454. king.]
express ... loyalty ............ loyal <02617 06213> [shew kindness.]
Nahash <05176> [Nahash.]
father .................. father's <01> [as his father.]
think David ................. David <05869 01732> [Thinkest thou that David doth. Heb. In thine eyes doth]
David. not.
shaved off <01548> [and shaved.]
The beard is held in high respect and greatly valued in the East: the possessor considers it as his greatest ornament; often swears by it; and, in matters of great importance, pledges it; and nothing can be more secure than such a pledge; for its owner will redeem it at the hazard of his life. The beard was never cut off but in mourning, or as a sign of slavery. It is customary to shave the Ottoman princes, as a mark of their subjection to the reigning emperor. The beard is a mark of authority and liberty among the Mohammedans. The Persians who clip the beard, and shave above the jaw, are reputed heretics. They who serve in the {seraglios} have their beards shaven, as a sign of servitude; nor do they suffer them to grow till the sultan has set them at liberty. Among the Arabians, it is more infamous for anyone to appear with his beard cut off, than among us to be publicly whipped or branded; and many would prefer death to such a punishment.
cut the <03772> [cut off.]
Jericho <03405> [Jericho.]
disgusted <0887> [stank.]
Aram Beth Rehob ... Aram <01050 0758> [Syrians of Beth-rehob.]
[Zobah.]
Maacah <04601> [Maacah.]
<0382> [Ish-tob. or, the men of Tob.]
army <06635> [all the host.]
entrance <06607> [at the entering.]
This was at the city of Medeba, a city upon the borders of the Ammonites, and in their possession.
Rehob <07340> [Rehob.]
strong .... bravely <02388> [Be of good.]
This is a very animating address, and equal to any thing of the kind in ancient or modern times. Ye fight {pro aris et focis;} for every good, sacred and civil; for God, for your families, and for your countries. Such harangues, especially in very trying circumstances, are very natural, and may perhaps be found in the records of every nation. Several instances might be quoted from Roman and Grecian history; but few are more remarkable than that of Tyrtaeus, the lame Athenian poet, to whom the command of the army was given in one of the Messenian wars. The Spartans had at that time suffered great losses, and all their stratagems proved ineffectual, so that they began to despair of success; when the poet, by his lectures on honour and courage, delivered in moving verse to the army, ravished them to such a degree with the thoughts of dying for their country, that, rushing on with a furious transport to meet their enemies, they gave them an entire overthrow, and by one decisive battle brought the war to a happy conclusion.
strong .... bravely <02388> [play.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
fled <05127> [they fled.]
consolidated <0622> [A.M. 2968. B.C. 1036. An. Ex. Is. 455. gathered.]
<01928> [Hadarezer.]
Euphrates River <05104> [the river. i.e., Euphrates. Shobach. or, Shophach.]
gathered <0622> [he gathered.]
fled <05127> [fled.]
foot soldiers <06571> [horsemen.]
[footmen. Shobach.]
subject <05650> [servants.]
subjects <03372> [feared.]
2 Samuel 10:2
express ... loyalty ............ loyal <02617 06213> [shew kindness.]
Nahash <05176> [Nahash.]
father .................. father's <01> [as his father.]
2 Samuel 14:1-15
Joab <03097> [A.M. 2977. B. C. 1027. An. Ex. Is. 464. Joab.]
Absalom <053> [toward Absalom.]
Tekoa <08620> [to Tekoah.]
Tekoah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius and Jerome, twelve miles south of Jerusalem. Josephus says it was not far from the castle of Herodium; and Jerome (Prologue to Amos) says it stood on a hill six miles south from Bethlehem. Dr. Poccocke places it at the same distance; and says there are still considerable ruins on the top of a hill, which is about half a mile long and a furlong broad.
[Tekoa. mourning.]
fashion Then ... told <07760 01697> [put the words.]
bowed ..... face <05307 0639> [fell on her.]
help <03467> [Help. Heb. Save.]
<061> [I am indeed.]
It is very possible that the principal incidents mentioned here were real; and that Joab found out a person whose circumstances bore a near resemblance to that which he wished to represent. She did not make the similitude too plain and visible, lest the king should see her intention before she had obtained a grant of pardon; and thus her circumstances, her mournful tale, her widow's dress, her aged person, (for Josephus says she was advanced in years,) and her impressive manner, all combined to make one united irresistible impression on the heart of the aged monarch.
two ..... two <08147> [and they two.]
intervene <05337> [none to part. Heb. no deliverer between.]
family <04940> [the whole.]
extinguish <03518> [so they.]
extinguish <03518> [quench.]
face .... earth <06440 0127> [upon the earth. Heb. upon the face of the earth.]
instructions <06680> [I will give.]
blame <05771> [the iniquity.]
king ..... king .................. king <04428> [and the king.]
king <04428> [let the king.]
avenger <01350> [thou, etc. Heb. the revenger of blood do not multiply to destroy. the revengers.]
Lord .......................... Lord <03068> [As the Lord.]
hair <08185> [not one hair.]
servant <08198> [Let thine.]
said ............... matter .... Tell <01697 01696> [speak one word.]
said .................. Tell <01696> [Say on.]
devised <02803> [Wherefore.]
people <05971> [people.]
king ............ king <04428> [in that the king.]
die <04191> [we must.]
water <04325> [as water.]
God <0430> [neither, etc. or, because God hath not taken away his life, he hath also devised means, etc. God.]
devises <02803> [he devise.]
2 Samuel 20:1
happened <07122> [And there.]
man ........ Benjaminite ............................ man <0376> [a man.]
blew <08628> [he blew.]
share <02506> [We have.]
Isaiah 37:1-38
King <04428> [it came.]
tore <07167> [he rent.]
went <0935> [and went.]
[his day.]
humiliation <05007> [blasphemy. or, provocation.]
baby <01121> [for the.]
<03068> [It may.]
taunt <02778> [to reproach.]
punish <03198> [and will.]
<05375> [lift up.]
remnant <07611> [for the.]
remains <04672> [left. Heb. found.]
said ............. says <0559> [Thus shall.]
afraid <03372> [Be not.]
cut ... down <05414 05307> [I will.]
mind <07307 05414> [send a blast upon him. or, put a spirit into him. I will cause.]
chief adviser <07262> [Rabshakeh.]
Libnah <03841> [Libnah.]
Lachish <03923> [Lachish.]
heard ................... ordering <08085> [he heard.]
Ethiopia <03568> [Ethiopia.]
Cush, which is generally rendered Ethiopia, is applied in Scripture to at least three distinct and different countries. 1. The country watered by the Gihon or Araxes, (Ge 2:13,) also called Cuth, 2 Ki 17:30. 2. A country of Arabia Petr‘a, bordering upon Egypt, which extended from the northern extremity of the Red sea along its eastern shore. (Comp. Ex 3:1, with Nu 12:1. Hab 3:7.) 3. Ethiopia Proper, an extensive country of Africa, comprehending Nubia and Abyssinia; being bounded on the north by Egypt, on the east by the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and on the south and west by various nations of Africa, and extending from about 6 degrees to 24 degrees N. lat. and 25 degrees to 45 degrees E. long. It is probable that it was this latter Cush, or Ethiopia, of which Tirhakah was king; he being in league with his kinsman Sevechus, son of So, or Sabacon, king of Egypt, against Sennacherib, the king of Assyria.
God <0430> [Let not.]
gods <0430> [the gods.]
Gozan <01470> [Gozan.]
Haran <02771> [Haran.]
Haran, the Carrh‘ of the Greeks and Romans, is situated in the north-west part of Mesopotamia, between the Euphrates and the river Chebar; about 110 miles west of Nisibis, 90 east of Bir, 100 south of Diarbekir, and 170 north of Palmyra.
Eden <05729> [Eden.]
It is probable that this Eden is the country near Diarbekir, on the Tigris, called MÆ’don, according to Asseman.
Telassar <08515> [Telassar.]
Telassar is probably the same as Ellasar, Ge 14:1, as the Jerusalem Targum reads; for both of which the Syriac has Dolassar; and perhaps, as Doederlein supposes, the same as Sharra, a city of Mesopotamia, half a mile from the Euphrates.
[Thelasar.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
Hena <02012> [Hena.]
Hena is probably the same as Anah, a city of Mesopotamia, situated on an island in the Euphrates.
Ivvah <05755> [Ivah.]
[Ava, Avites.]
took <03947> [received.]
Hezekiah ............ Hezekiah ... up <02396 05927> [and Hezekiah went.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
who ... enthroned <03427> [dwellest.]
God ............. God <0430> [thou art.]
made <06213> [thou hast.]
Pay <05186> [Incline.]
hear ........ Listen <08085> [hear.]
kings <04428> [the kings.]
nations .... lands <0776> [nations. Heb. lands.]
burned <05414> [And have.]
burned <05414> [cast. Heb. given. no gods.]
kingdoms <04467> [that all.]
[even.]
prayed <06419> [Whereas.]
virgin <01330> [The virgin.]
daughter .......... Daughter <01323> [the daughter.]
despises <0959> [hath despised.]
shakes <05128> [shaken.]
taunted .............. arrogantly <02778 07311> [Whom hast.]
arrogantly <07311> [against whom.]
Holy One <06918> [the Holy One.]
messengers <05650> [thy servants. Heb. the hand of they servants.]
many <07230> [By the.]
tall cedars ..... evergreens <0730 01265 06967> [tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof. Heb. tallness of the cedars thereof and the choice of the fir trees thereof.]
<03760> [of his Carmel. or, and his fruitful field.]
soles <03709> [with the sole.]
Egypt <04693> [besieged. or, fenced and closed.]
ago <07350> [long ago, etc. or, how I have made it long ago, and formed it of ancient times?]
Should I now bring it to be laid waste, and defenced cities to be ruinous heaps?.
[how I.]
residents <03427> [their inhabitants.]
powerless <03027 07116> [of small power. Heb. short of hand. as the grass of.]
know <03045> [I know.]
live <03427> [abode. or sitting.]
rage <07264> [rage.]
uproar <07600> [tumult.]
I ... put <07760> [will I.]
reminder <0226> [this shall.]
eat .............................. consume <0398> [Ye shall.]
remain ... Judah <06413 01004 03063 07604> [remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah. Heb. escaping of the house of Judah that remaineth.]
root <08328> [take.]
come out <06413> [they that escape. Heb. the escaping. the zeal.]
enter <0935> [He.]
shielded warriors <04043> [shields. Heb. shield. cast.]
shield <01598> [I will.]
servant <05650> [for mine.]
servant <05650> [and for.]
messenger <04397> [the angel.]
got up early <07925> [and when.]
Sennacherib <05576> [Sennacherib.]
Nineveh <05210> [Nineveh.]
god <0430> [his god.]
Ararat <0780> [Armenia. Heb. Ararat.]
Esarhaddon <0634> [Esar-haddon.]
Esar-haddon, called Asar-addinus in the Canon of Ptolemy, was the third son of Sennacherib; and having reigned twenty-nine years over the Assyrians, he took advantage of the anarchy and confusion which followed the death of Mesessimordacus, and seized upon Babylon; which he added to his former empire, and reigned over both for thirteen years; when he was succeeded by his son Saosduchinus, A.M. 3336, B.C. 668.
