Exodus 10:1--15:27
hardened <03513> [I have hardened.]
display <07896> [that I.]
tell how ......... about <05608> [And that.]
know <03045> [that ye.]
How <04970> [How long.]
humble <06031> [humble.]
[tomorrow.]
locusts <0697> [locusts.]
The word {arbeh,} Locust, is derived from {ravah,} to multiply, be numerous, etc., because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of Grylli; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antenn‘ about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the mouth and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue: the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah.
surface <05869> [face. Heb. eye.]
remainder <03499> [the residue.]
fill <04390> [fill.]
fathers .... grandfathers <01> [which.]
turned <06437> [And he.]
menace <04170> [How long.]
menace <04170> [snare.]
Egypt <04714> [that Egypt.]
So <07725> [brought.]
Go .......... going <01980> [who. Heb. who, and who, etc.]
<03212> [We will go.]
sheep <06629> [our flocks.]
feast <02282> [a feast.]
release <07971> [be so.]
Watch ... Trouble <07200 07451> [look to it.]
want <01245> [for that.]
driven out <01644> [And they.]
Extend <05186> [Stretch.]
eat .... grows <0398 06212> [eat every.]
east wind ................ east wind <07307 06921> [east wind.]
locusts ........................... locusts <0697> [the locusts.]
was very severe <03966 03515> [very grievous.]
before <06440> [before.]
covered <03680> [For they.]
ate <0398> [did eat.]
summoned Moses <07121 04872> [called for. Heb. hastened to call. I have.]
forgive <05375> [forgive.]
pray <06279> [and intreat.]
death <04194> [this death.]
out <03318> [went.]
prayed <06279> [and intreated.]
very <03966> [a mighty.]
blew <08628> [cast. Heb. fastened. the Red sea.]
Extend <05186> [Stretch.]
darkness ........ darkness <02822> [darkness.]
As the Egyptians not only worshipped the light and sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. See Bryant, pp. 141-160.
darkness ........ darkness ....... felt <02822 04959> [even darkness which may be felt. Heb. that one may feel darkness.]
absolute darkness <02822 0653> [thick darkness.]
Israelites <01121> [but all.]
flocks <06629> [flocks.]
families <02945> [little ones.]
<03027> [us. Heb. into our hands. sacrifices.]
livestock <04735> [cattle.]
know <03045> [and we.]
Watch <03212 08104> [Get thee.]
when <03117> [for in that.]
see <07200> [I will see.]
bring <0935> [Yet will.]
after <0310> [afterwards.]
drive ..... from <01644> [thrust you.]
request <07592> [borrow.]
items <03627> [jewels.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Moses <04872> [Moses.]
midnight <03915> [About.]
<03318> [will I go.]
firstborn ........... firstborn son ........... firstborn son ............... firstborn <01060> [the firstborn.]
<0310> [behind.]
dog <03611> [dog.]
distinguishes <06395> [a difference.]
servants .................. people <05650 05971> [And all.]
follow .... after <07272 0310> [follow thee. Heb. is at they feet.]
great anger <0639 02750> [a great anger. Heb. heat of anger.]
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh.]
wonders <04159> [wonders.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
[A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Exod. Isr. 1. Abib or Nisan.]
Tell .... community <01696 05712> [Speak ye.]
tenth <06218> [in the tenth.]
each ... take <03947 0376> [take to.]
lamb ......... lamb <07716> [lamb. or, kid.]
The word {seh} means the young of both sheep and goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from ver. 5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature.
household <01004> [an house.]
The Israelites were divided into twelve tribes, these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons.
perfect <08549> [be without.]
male ... year old <02145 01121 08141> [a male of the first year. Heb. son of a year.]
fourteenth <0702> [fourteenth.]
whole <03605> [the whole.]
around sundown <06153 0996> [in the evening. Heb. between the two evenings.]
The Jews divided the day into morning and evening: till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o'clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e., during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o'clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered. See Parallel Passages.
eat ... meat ....... eat <0398 01320> [eat the.]
roasted <06748> [roast.]
bread made without yeast <04682> [unleavened.]
bitter herbs <04844> [with bitter.]
roast ..... fire <06748 0784> [but roast with fire.]
travel <04975> [loins.]
sandals <05275> [shoes.]
Lord's <03068> [it is the.]
pass through <05674> [pass.]
attack <05221> [will smite.]
gods <0430> [against.]
gods <0430> [gods. or, princes.]
Lord <03068> [I am the Lord.]
blood .................... blood <01818> [the blood.]
see <07200> [and when.]
destroy ..... attack <04889 05221> [to destroy you. Heb. for a destruction.]
memorial <02146> [memorial.]
celebrate ..... festival ....... celebrate <02282 02287> [a feast.]
ordinance <02708> [by an ordinance.]
seven <07651> [Seven.]
<05315> [that soul.]
first day ............ day <03117 07223> [first day.]
work <04399> [no manner.]
[man Heb. soul.]
very <06106> [in this selfsame.]
ordinance <02708> [an ordinance.]
seven <07651> [Seven.]
<05315> [even that.]
foreigner <01616> [whether.]
elders <02205> [elders.]
<03947> [and take.]
lamb <06629> [lamb. or, kid.]
Passover animals <06453> [the passover.]
That is, the lamb which was called the {paschal,} or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. St. Paul copies the expression in 1 Co 5:7.
branch <092> [a bunch.]
hyssop <0231> [hyssop.]
The word {aizov,} which has been variously rendered, most probably denotes Hyssop; whence are derived the Chaldee {aizova,} Syriac {zupha,} Arabic {zupha,} Ethiopic {azab,} and {hushopa,} Greek [`ussopos,] hussopos <\\See definition 5301\\>,] Latin {hyssopus,} German {usop,} and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture.
apply <05060> [strike.]
<0376> [and none.]
pass <05674> [will pass through.]
will ... permit <05414> [and will not.]
enter <0935> [when.]
said <01696> [according.]
children <01121> [your children.]
sacrifice <02077> [It is the sacrifice.]
households <06915> [bowed.]
midnight <02677> [at midnight.]
Lord attacked <03068 05221> [the Lord smote.]
The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. See Bryant, p. 160.
[the first-born of Pharaoh.]
prison <01004> [dungeon. Heb. house of the pit.]
great cry <01419 06818> [and there was a great cry.]
No people were more remarkable and frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead!
summoned <07121> [called.]
Get <06965> [Rise up.]
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
flocks <06629> [your flocks.]
bless <01288> [bless me.]
urging <02388> [urgent.]
dead <04191> [We be all.]
kneading troughs <04863> [kneading troughs. or, dough.]
Probably like the kneading-troughs of the Arabs; comparatively small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their {hykes,} or long, loose, garments. See Shaw's Travels, p. 224, 4to. edit.
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
them ........ plundered <05337> [they spoiled.]
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
Rameses <07486> [Rameses.]
600,000 <03967 08337> [six hundred.]
mixed multitude <06154 07227> [And a mixed multitude. Heb. a great mixture.]
thrust out <01644> [thrust.]
The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years." The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Ga 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. See Kennicott's Dissertation on the Hebrew Text.
length of time <04186> [sojourning.]
430 <03967 0702> [four hundred.]
very <06106> [selfsame.]
regiments <06635> [hosts.]
night ... vigil .................. night ........ vigil <08107 03915> [a night to be much observed. Heb. a night of observations. observed.]
foreigner <01121> [There shall.]
circumcised <04135> [circumcised.]
one house ............ house <01004 0259> [one house.]
break <07665> [neither.]
community <05712> [All the.]
observe <06213> [keep it. Heb. do it.]
foreigner <01616> [a stranger.]
males <02145> [let all.]
born <0249> [shall be.]
Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
[by their armies.]
apart <06942> [Sanctify.]
The word {kadash} is to consecrate, separate, and set apart a person or thing from all common or secular purposes to some religious use; and exactly answers to the Greek [hagiazo,] from [a,] privative, and [g‚,] the earth; because everything offered or consecrated to God was separated from all earthly uses.
Remember <02142> [Remember.]
place <01004> [out of the.]
enslaved <05650> [bondage. Heb. servants. strength.]
yeast <02557> [there.]
Abib <024> [Abib.]
brings <0935> [shall bring.]
swore <07650> [sware.]
land .................... land <0776> [a land.]
keep <05647> [thou shalt keep.]
sign <0226> [a sign.]
This expression, says Michaelis, alludes to the custom of the Orientals, of burning in their right hand all kinds of marks with the ashes of henna, which gives an indelible colour; and this is done even to this day. They were likewise accustomed to write all kinds of sayings, and frequently superstitious words, on slips or pieces of linen, which they wore as ornaments on their foreheads.
mouth <06310> [may be.]
hand ....................... mighty hand <03027 02389> [strong hand.]
swore <07650> [as he sware.]
over <05674> [thou shalt.]
over <05674> [set apart. Heb. cause to pass over. openeth.]
donkey <02543> [of an ass.]
lamb <07716> [lamb. or, kid.]
redeem .......... redeem ................ redeem <06299> [shalt thou.]
son <01121> [thy son.]
future <04279> [in time to come. Heb. tomorrow.]
mighty <02392> [By strength.]
Lord killed ............................ Lord <02026 03068> [the Lord slew.]
sacrificing <02076> [therefore I.]
sign <0226> [a token.]
frontlets <02903> [frontlets.]
mighty <02392> [for by.]
people ......................... people change <05162 05971> [the people repent.]
return <07725> [return.]
brought ... people around <05437 05971> [led the.]
prepared for battle <02571> [harnessed. or, by five in a rank.]
made .... solemnly <07650> [for he had.]
God <0430> [God.]
remove <04185> [He took.]
pillar ........ pillar ... fire <0784 05982> [pillar of fire.]
Lord spoke <01696 03068> [the Lord spake.]
turn <07725> [that they.]
Pi-hahiroth <06367> [Pi-hahiroth.]
{Pi-hachiroth,} "the mouth of Chiroth," as it is rendered by the LXX. Dr. Shaw is of opinion, that Chiroth denotes the valley which extends from the wilderness of Etham to the Red Sea. "This valley," he observes, "ends at the sea in a small bay made by the eastern extremities of the mountains (of Gewoubee and Attackah, between which the valley lies) which I have been describing, and is called Tiah-Beni-Israel, i.e., the road of the Israelites, by a tradition that is still kept up by the Arabs, of their having passed through it; so it is also called Baideah, from the new and unheard of miracle that was wrought near it, by dividing the Red sea, and destroying therein Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen."
Migdol <04024> [Migdol.]
The word {Migdol} signifies a tower, and hence some have supposed that it was a fortress which served to defend the bay. But the LXX. render it [Magd¢los,] Magdolus, which is mentioned by Herodotus, Hecat‘us, and others, and is expressly said by Stephanus (de Urb.) to be [polis Aigyptou,] "a city of Egypt." This Bochart conjectures to have been the same as Migdol. See the Parallel Passages.
[Heb. Baal-zephon.]
This may have been the name of a town or city in which Baal was worshipped; and probably called {zephon,} from being situated on the north point of the Red sea, near the present Suez.
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh.]
wandering <0943> [They are entangled.]
harden <02388> [harden.]
honor <03513> [I will be.]
<04714> [that the Egyptians.]
heart <03824> [and the heart.]
done <06213> [Why have we.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
defiantly <07311 03027> [with an high hand.]
<04714> [the Egyptians.]
camping <02583> [encamping.]
were terrified <03372 03966> [sore afraid.]
cried out <06817> [cried out.]
graves <06913> [Because.]
<02063> [wherefore.]
what <01697> [Is not this.]
alone <02308> [Let us alone.]
better <02896> [For it had.]
fear Stand <03372 03320> [Fear ye not.]
see ... salvation ................. see ....... see <07200 03444> [see the.]
see ............. today ....... see today ...... see <04714 07200 03117 05704> [for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to-day. or, for whereas ye have seen the Egyptians to-day, etc. ye shall see.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
still <02790> [hold.]
lift up <07311> [lift.]
sea ................ sea <03220> [the sea.]
This sea was what is called in Scripture {yam suph,} "the sea of weeds;" so called, according to Mr. Bruce, from the vast quantity of coral which grows in it. In the LXX. it is called [thalassa erythra,] and by the Latins {Rubrum mare,} and we from them the Red Sea; so called it is supposed, from {Edom} (red) or Esau, whose territories extend to its coasts. It separates Arabia from Egypt and Ethiopia, and is computed to be 150 leagues in length from Suez to the straits of Babelmandel. The upper part is divided into two gulfs, that to the East called the Elanitic, from the city Elana at the northern extremity, and that to the west, the Heroopolitic, from the city of Heroopolis. The former is called by the Arabians Bahr el Akaba, the sea of Akaba; and the latter Bahr el Kolzum, the sea of destruction, or Clysm‘; which was that which the Israelites passed.
Israelites <01121> [and the.]
harden <02388> [I, behold.]
harden .................. honored <02388 03513> [I will.]
honored <03513> [and I will.]
[See on ver.]
angel <04397> [the angel.]
pillar <05982> [and the pillar.]
stretched <05186> [stretched.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
water <04325> [and the waters.]
This verse demonstrates that this event was wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left.
wall <02346> [a wall.]
morning <01242> [that in the.]
looked ...... army .............. army <08259 04264> [looked unto.]
pillar <05982> [through.]
panic <02000> [and troubled.]
<05493> [took off.]
difficulty <05090 03517> [that they drave them heavily. or, and made them to go heavily. Let us flee.]
Lord <03068> [for the Lord.]
Extend <05186> [Stretch out.]
waters <04325> [the waters.]
sea .... sea ............................... sea <03220> [and the sea.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
overthrew <05287> [overthrew. Heb. shook off.]
water <04325> [the waters.]
survived <07604> [remained.]
walked <01980> [walked.]
wall <02346> [a wall.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
saw <07200> [saw.]
power <03027> [work. Heb. hand. feared.]
believed <0539> [believed.]
sang ........... sing <07891> [Then.]
triumphed gloriously <01342> [for.]
strength <05797> [strength.]
song <02176> [song.]
salvation <03444> [my salvation.]
God <0410> [my God.]
praise <05115> [an habitation.]
father's God <01 0430> [my father's God.]
exalt <07311> [exalt him.]
a <0376> [a man.]
name <08034> [name.]
chosen <04005> [chosen.]
depths <08415> [depths.]
down <03381> [they.]
right hand ......... right hand <03225> [right hand.]
shattered <07492> [dashed.]
abundance <07230> [the greatness.]
rise up <06965> [them that.]
consumed <0398> [consumed.]
blast <07307> [blast.]
waters <05140> [the floods.]
chase <07291> [I will pursue.]
them .......... destroy <03423> [destroy. or, repossess.]
blew <05398> [blow.]
sea <03220> [the sea.]
sank <06749> [they sank.]
Lord <03068> [like unto thee.]
gods <0410> [gods. or, mighty ones. glorious.]
fearful <03372> [fearful.]
stretched <05186> [stretchedst.]
loyal love .......... redeemed .... guide <02617 01350 05095> [Thou.]
lead <05148> [led.]
guide <05095> [guided.]
holy <06944> [holy.]
hear <08085> [hear.]
Philistia <06429> [of Palestina.]
chiefs <0441> [dukes.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
inhabitants <03427> [all the.]
shake <04127> [melt.]
dread <06343> [dread.]
still <01826> [still.]
whom .... bought <02098 07069> [which thou.]
plant <05193> [plant.]
mountain <02022> [mountain.]
horses <05483> [horse.]
back <07725> [brought.]
prophetess <05031> [prophetess.]
sister <0269> [sister.]
hand-drum .............. hand-drums <08596> [a timbrel.]
{Toph,} in Arabic called {duff} or {diff,} and in Spanish {adduffa,} is the {tabret} used in the East; being a thin, broad, wooden hoop, with parchment extended over one side of it, to which small pieces of brass, tin, etc., are attached, which make a jingling noise: it is held up with one hand and beaten upon with the other, and is precisely the same as the tambourine.
women <0802> [all the.]
response <06030> [answered.]
Sing .... Lord <07891 03068> [Sing ye.]
Desert ... Shur ........ desert <07793 04057> [wilderness of Shur.]
This lay on the eastern shore of the Heroopolitic gulf of the Red Sea, and is still called the desert of Shur, according to Dr. Shaw.
three days <07969 03117> [three days.]
Marah ............ Marah ............ Marah <04785> [Marah.]
Marah ............ Marah ............ Marah <04785> [Marah. i.e., bitterness.]
drink <08354> [What.]
cried out <06817> [cried.]
tree <06086> [a tree.]
ordinance <02706> [a statute.]
tested <05254> [proved.]
diligently obey <08085> [If thou.]
do .......... attention <06213 0238> [and wilt.]
diseases <04245> [diseases.]
Lord .......................................... Lord <03068> [for I am.]
Elim <0362> [Elim.]
This was on the northern skirts of the desert of Sin, and, according to Dr. Shaw, two leagues from Tor, and near 30 from Corondel, which he conjectures to be Marah, where there is a small rill, which is brackish. He found but nine of the wells, the other three being filled up with sand; but the 70 palm trees had increased into more than 2,000.
