Genesis 36:1--40:23
[A.M. 2208. B.C. 1796.]
Esau <06215> [Esau.]
Adah <05711> [Adah. or, Bashemath.]
Oholibamah <0173> [Aholibamah.]
[Judith. the daughter.]
We ought, most probably, to read here and in ver. 14, as in ver. 20, "the son of Zibeon;" which is the reading of the Samaritan, Septuagint, (and Syriac, in ver. 2,) and which Houbigant and Kennicott contend to be genuine.
[Mahalath.]
Adah <05711> [Adah.]
Eliphaz <0464> [Eliphaz.]
Reuel <07467> [Reuel. not.]
land <0776> [in the land.]
people <05315> [A.M. cir. 2264. B.C. cir. 1740. persons. Heb. souls.]
<03212> [went.]
possessions <07399> [their riches.]
land <0776> [the land.]
hill country ... Seir <08165 02022> [mount Seir.]
Esau <06215> [Esau.]
Edomites <0123> [the Edomites. Heb. Edom.]
[A.M. cir. 2230. B.C. cir. 1774.]
Zepho <06825> [A.M. cir. 2270. B.C. cir. 1734. Zepho.]
[Zephi.]
Timna <08555> [Timna.]
Amalek <06002> [Amalek.]
[A.M. cir. 2292. B.C. cir. 1712.]
[First aristocracy of dukes, from A.M. cir. 2429, to A.M. cir.]
2471; from B.C. cir. 1575, to B.C. cir. 1533.
chiefs ............. chief ... chief ... chief ... chief <0441> [dukes.]
The word duke is from the Latin {dux,} a captain or leader, from {duco,} to lead, guide; which is the exact import of the Hebrew [alluph <\\See definition 0441\\,>] {alluph,} from [aleph, lamed, pheh,] to lead, guide; and is here applied to heads of families, chieftains, or princes, who were military leaders.
Eliphaz <0464> [Eliphaz.]
chiefs ............. chief Teman chief ... chief ... chief <0441 08487> [duke Teman.]
chief Korah chief ... chief ...... chiefs <0441 07141> [Duke Korah.]
As it is certain from ver. 4, that Eliphaz was Esau's son by Adah, and from ver. 11, 12, that Eliphaz had but six sons, "Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, and Amalek;" as is is also certain, from ver. 5, 14, that Korah was the son of Esau (not Eliphaz) by Aholibamah; and as the words duke Korah are omitted by both the Samaritan Text and Version, Dr. Kennicott pronounces them to be an interpolation.
chief ... chief ... chief ...... chiefs <0441> [dukes.]
Reuel ................ Reuel <07467> [Reuel.]
Edom <0123> [who is Edom.]
[A.M. cir. 2198. B.C. cir. 1806.]
[A.M. cir. 2204. B.C. cir. 1800.]
Homam <01967> [A.M. cir. 2248. B.C. 1756. Hemam.]
[Homan.]
Timna <08555> [Timna.]
Alvan <05935> [Alvan.]
[Alian.]
Shepho <08195> [Shepho. or, Shephi.]
discovered <04672> [found.]
Dishon <01787> [Dishon.]
Anah ........ Anah <06034> [Anah.]
Hemdan <02533> [Hemdan.]
[Amram.]
Ezer <0687> [Ezer.]
Akan <06130> [Akan.]
[Jakan.]
Uz <05780> [Uz.]
Horites <02752> [Horites.]
chiefs ..... chief Lotan chief ... chief ... chief <0441 03877> [duke Lotan.]
[From A.M. cir. 2093, to A.M. cir. 2429; from B.C. cir. 1911, to B.C. cir. 1575. dukes in the.]
kings ........... king <04428> [the kings.]
reigned ....... before .... ruled <06440 04427> [before there.]
Moses may here allude to the promise which God made to Jacob (ch. 35:11,) that kings should proceed from him; and here states that these kings reigned before that prophecy began to be fulfilled.
Bozrah <01224> [A.M. cir. 2135. B.C. cir. 1869. Bozrah.]
Bozrah, Bezer, or Bostra, was situated in Arabia Deserta, and the eastern part of Edom; and, according to Eusebius, was 24 miles from Edrei. It afterwards belonged to Moab, and was given by Moses to Reuben, but again reverted to Edom. It is now called Boszra; and is described by Burckhardt as the largest town in the Haouran, including its ruins, though only inhabited by about twelve or fifteen families. It is situated in the open plain, two hours distant from Aare, and is at present the last inhabited place in the south-east extremity of the Haouran. It is of an oval shape, it greatest length being from east to west; and its circumference three quarters of an hour.
Temanites <08489> [A.M. cir. 2177. B.C. cir. 1827. Temani.]
Eusebius places Teman, or Th‘man, which probably gave name to "the land of Temani," in Arabia Petr‘a, five miles from Petra, and says there was a Roman garrison there.
[A.M. cir. 2219. B.C. cir. 1785.]
[A.M. cir. 2261. B.C. cir. 1743.]
Rehoboth <07344> [A.M. cir. 2303. B.C. cir. 1701. Rehoboth.]
[A.M. cir. 2315. B.C. cir. 1659.]
Hadad <01924> [A.M. cir. 2387. B.C. cir. 1617. Hadar.]
[Hadad Pai.]
After his death was an aristocracy.
[Second aristocracy of dukes, from A.M. cir. 2471, B.C. cir.]
1533; to A.M. cir. 2513, B.C. cir. 1491. And these.
chiefs ............... chief ... chief ... chief <0441> [dukes.]
Alvah <05933> [Alvah. or, Aliah.]
chief ... chief ...... chiefs <0441> [the dukes.]
settlements ...... possessed <04186 0272> [their.]
father <01> [father.]
Edom .................. Edomites <0123> [the Edomites. Heb. Edom.]
[A.M. 2276. B.C. 1728.]
father ... stayed <01 04033> [wherein his father was a stranger. Heb. of his father's sojournings.]
account <08435> [the generations.]
{Toledoth,} the history, narrative, or account of the lives and actions of Jacob and his sons; for in this general sense the original must be taken, as in the whole ensuing history there is no genealogy of Jacob's family.
wives <0802> [wives.]
bad report <01681 07451> [evil report.]
loved <0157> [loved.]
sons ...... son <01121> [son.]
tunic <03801> [a coat.]
special <06446> [colours.]
{Kethoneth passim}, a coat made of stripes of different coloured cloth.
hated ...... able <08130 03201> [hated him.]
able ... speak .... kindly <01696 07965 03201> [and could not speak peaceably unto him.]
Or, rather, "and they could not speak peace to him," i.e., they would not accost him in a friendly manner: they would not even wish him well, in the eastern mode of salutation of, Peace be to thee! It is not an unusual thing for an Arab or Turk to hesitate to return the {salÆ’m}, if given by a Christian, or by one of whom he has not a favourable opinion; and this may always be considered as an act of hostility.
had <02492> [dreamed.]
hated <08130> [and they.]
Listen <08085> [Hear.]
sheaves ............ sheaf ......... sheaves .... sheaf <0485> [your sheaves.]
bowed down <07812> [obeisance.]
think .... rule over us or ... dominion <04427 04910> [reign over us.]
another dream .............. dream <02472 0312> [another dream.]
sun <08121> [the sun.]
stars <03556> [stars.]
mother <0517> [Shall I.]
jealous <07065> [envied.]
kept <08104> [observed.]
Shechem <07927> [in Shechem.]
<03212> [come.]
[Here am I.]
check .... welfare <07965 07200> [see whether it be well with. Heb. see the peace of thy brethren, etc.]
Hebron <02275> [Hebron.]
wandering <08582> [he was.]
looking <01245> [What.]
looking <01245> [seek.]
tell ... where <05046 0375> [tell me.]
Dothan ............ Dothan <01886> [Dothan.]
plotted <05230> [conspired.]
this <01976> [Behold.]
Simulated Irony: Where the words in question are used by man either in dissimulation or hypocrisy. For other instances of this figure see 2 Sa 6:20; Ps 22:8; Isa 5:19; Mt 22:16; 27:29; 27:40, 42, 43; Mk 15:29.
master <01167> [dreamer. Heb. master of dreams.]
kill <02026> [and let.]
say .......... see <0559 07200> [and we.]
Reuben heard <08085 07205> [Reuben heard.]
Let's <05221> [not kill him. Heb. {nephesh.}]
Reuben ......................... said <0559 07205> [Reuben said.]
shed <08210> [Shed.]
lay ..... him <07971> [lay.]
stripped <06584> [stript.]
special <06446> [colours. or, pieces.]
threw <07993> [and cast.]
cistern .... cistern <0953> [the pit.]
sat <03427> [they sat.]
Ishmaelites <03459> [Ishmeelites.]
Gilead <01568> [Gilead.]
spices <05219> [spicery.]
{Nechoth,} is rendered by the LXX. "incense;" Syriac, "resin;" Samaritan, "balsam;" Acquila, "storax;" which is followed by Bochart. This drug is abundant in Syria, and here Moses joins with it resin, honey, and myrrh; which agrees with the nature of the storax, which is the resin of a tree of the same name, of a reddish colour, and peculiarly pleasant fragrance.
balm <06875> [balm]
{Tzeri,} which in Arabic, as a verb, is to flow, seems to be a common name, as balm or balsam with us, for many of those oily, resinous substances, which flow spontaneously, or by incision, from various trees or plants; accordingly the ancients have generally interpreted it resin.
myrrh <03910> [myrrh.]
{Lot,} is probably, as Junius, De Dieu, Celsius, and Ursinus contend, the same as the Arabic {ladan}, Greek [ladanon,] and Latin {ladanum}.
profit <01215> [What profit.]
cover <03680> [conceal.]
sell ..... Ishmaelites <04376 03459> [sell him.]
hand <03027> [let not.]
brother ...... brothers <0251> [he is our.]
agreed <08085> [were content. Heb. hearkened.]
Midianite <04084> [Midianites.]
sold <04376> [sold.]
tore <07167> [he rent.]
son's <01121> [thy son's.]
wild animal <02416 07451> [evil beast.]
daughters <01323> [his daughters.]
go <06965> [rose up.]
go ......... Joseph's <03381> [For I.]
<04092> [the Midianites.]
officials <05631> [officer. Heb. eunuch.]
But the word signifies not only eunuchs, but also chamberlains, courtiers, and officers.
captain <08269> [captain. Or, chief marshal. Heb. chief of the slaughtermen, or executioners.]
[A.M. 2265. B.C. 1739.]
time <06256> [it came.]
As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel's going down into Egypt; and as it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period; Mr. Ainsworth conceives that the time here spoken of is soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem, (ch. 33.) We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time.
stayed <05186> [turned.]
Adullamite <05726> [Adullamite.]
An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron.
saw <07200> [saw.]
Shua <07770> [Shuah.]
[Shua.]
acquired <03947> [took.]
Er <06147> [A.M. 2266. B.C. 1738. Er.]
Onan <0209> [A.M. 2267. B.C. 1737. Onan.]
[A.M. 2268. B.C. 1736.]
Shelah <07956> [Shelah.]
Kezib <03580> [Chezib.]
Chezib is said, by Eusebius and Jerome, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited.
acquired <03947> [took.]
Tamar <08559> [Tamar.]
Er <06147> [Er.]
evil <07451> [wicked.]
Lord's ..... Lord <03068> [and the.]
[A.M. 2282. B.C. 1722.]
[he is.]
not ... give <01115 05414> [lest that.]
<03415> [displeased. Heb. was evil in the eyes of.]
[him also.]
Shelah <07956> [till Shelah.]
father's ............................ father's <01> [in her.]
time Judah's <03117 07235> [in process of time. Heb. the days were multiplied. comforted.]
sheepshearers <01494> [sheep shearers.]
Timnah <08553> [Timnath.]
Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines.
[Timnah.]
[Thimnathah.]
sat <03427> [and sat.]
entrance ... Enaim <05869 06607> [an open place. Heb. the door of eyes, or of Enajim}]
Some think {ainayim} means "the two fountains," or "double fountain;" while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as Enaim, a city of Judah, (Jos 15:34.) So the LXX. render it Enan.
Timnah <08553> [Timnath.]
Shelah <07956> [that Shelah.]
Come on <03051> [Go to.]
give <05414> [What wilt.]
send ................... send <07971> [I will.]
goat <05795> [a kid. Heb. a kid of the goats. Wilt thou.]
seal <02368> [Thy signet.]
{Chothem,} or {chothemeth,} as in ver. 25, is properly a ring-seal, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Jer 22:24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended from the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it.
cord <06616> [bracelets.]
{Pathil,} from {pathal,} to twist, wreathe, may denote either a wreath for the arm or neck, a twisted collar, or bracelet. In the former sense the LXX. render it by [ormiskon,] and Aquila and Symmachus by [strepton;] and in the latter sense, the Vulgate renders it by {armillam.} It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favour the opinion of its being a bracelet.
give .................. gave ...... had sex <05414 0935> [gave it her.]
removed ... veil <06809 05493> [laid by her vail.]
friend <07453> [his friend.]
road <01870 05869> [openly by the way side. or, in Enajim.]
dishonest <0937> [lest we.]
dishonest <0937> [be shamed. Heb. become a contempt.]
prostitution <02181> [played the harlot.]
burned <08313> [let her.]
Identify <05234> [Discern.]
recognized <05234> [acknowledged.]
upright than ... am <06663> [She hath.]
upright than ... am <06663> [more righteous. Not less to blame, but more righteous. because.]
sexual relations <03045> [And he knew.]
broken out <06555> [A.M. 2283. B.C. 1721. How hast, etc. or, Wherefore hast thou made this breach against thee? his name.]
[Perez.]
[Phares. Pharez. i.e., a breach.]
Zerah <02226> [Zarah.]
[Zerah.]
[Zara.]
Joseph <03130> [A.M. 2276. B.C. 1728. Joseph.]
Ishmaelites <03459> [the Ishmeelites.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
household <01004> [house.]
observed .... Lord ........ Lord <07200 03068> [saw that.]
successful <06743> [prosper.]
Joseph <03130> [Joseph.]
appointed <06485> [overseer.]
Joseph's <03130> [for Joseph's.]
left <05800> [he left.]
except <0518> [save.]
well built ... good-looking <08389 03303> [a goodly person.]
{Yephaih toar, weephaih maraih,} "beautiful in person and beautiful in countenance." Joseph's beauty is so celebrated in the East, that a handsome man is frequently compared to him; and the Persian poets vie with each other in descriptions of his comeliness.
took <05375> [A.M. 2285. B.C. 1719. cast.]
sex <07901> [Lie.]
refused <03985> [refused.]
master's ..... master <0113> [my master.]
greater ............................ great <01419> [none.]
do <06213> [how then.]
sin <02398> [sin.]
speak <01696> [as she spake.]
[or to be.]
when <0376> [none of the men.]
grabbed <08610> [caught.]
left <05800> [and he left.]
brought ............ tried <0935> [he hath.]
The base affection of this woman being disappointed, was changed into rancorous hatred, and she exults in the opportunity of being revenged on Joseph. She begins her accusation in the affected language of offended modesty, rage, and disdain, by charging her husband, whom we may reasonably assume she did not greatly love, with being an accessory to the indignity she pretended to have received: "He hath brought in a Hebrew," a very abomination to an Egyptian, "to mock us," insult and treat me in a base, unworthy manner.
servants ............. man <0376> [an Hebrew.]
brought ............ tried <0935> [he came.]
loudly <01419> [loud. Heb. great.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
furious <0639> [his wrath.]
<01004> [into the prison.]
{Baith hassohar,} "the round house," from the form of the building according to some; or, "the watch or guard house," from the Arabic {sahara,} to watch, according to others.
king's <04428> [the king's.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
showed ... kindness <02617 05186> [shewed him mercy. Heb. extended kindness unto him. gave him.]
put <05414> [committed.]
warden <08269> [keeper.]
Lord ........... Lord <03068> [because.]
After <0310> [it came.]
<08248> [the butler.]
{Mashkeh,} from {shakah,} to give drink, is the same as {saky} among the Arabians and Persians, and signifies a cup-bearer.
enraged <07107> [wroth.]
cupbearer .... baker <08248 08269> [the chief of the butlers.]
facility <04725> [the place.]
Joseph ... confined <03130 0631> [where Joseph was bound.]
Or, "where Joseph was confined," for he doubtless had his personal liberty. This place, we learn from the preceding chapter, (ver. 20,) was the king's prison. All the officers in the employment of the ancient kings of Egypt, according to Diodorus Siculus, were taken from the most illustrious families of the priesthood in the country; no slave or common person being ever permitted to serve in the presence of the king. As these persons were of the most noble families, it is natural to expect they would be put, when accused, into the state prison.
captain <08269> [the captain.]
time <03117> [a season.]
{Yamim,} literally days; how long is uncertain, though the word may signify, as many suppose, a complete year (see Ge 4:3; 24:55); and as Pharaoh called them to an account on his birthday, (ver. 20,) Calmet supposes they had offended on the preceding birthday, and thus had been one whole year in prison.
[A.M. 2287. B.C. 1717.]
depressed <02196> [and, behold.]
<06440> [Wherefore.]
sad today <07451 03117 06440> [look ye so sadly to-day. Heb. are your faces evil.]
interpretations <06623> [Do not, etc.]
vine <01612> [a vine.]
took <03947> [And I took, etc.]
From this we find that wine anciently was the mere expressed juice of the grape, without fermentation. The {saky,} or cup-bearer, took the bunch, pressed the juice into the cup, and instantly delivered it to his master.
squeezed <07818> [pressed.]
hand .................. hand <03027 03709> [hand.]
meaning <06623> [This.]
three .... three <07969> [The three.]
three <07969> [within.]
Pharaoh .............. Pharaoh's <06547> [shall.]
reinstate <05375 07218> [lift up thine head. or, reckon.]
remember ...... well ......... mention <02142 03190> [think on me. Heb. remember me with thee. on me.]
show <06213> [shew.]
kidnapped <01589> [stolen.]
Hebrews <05680> [the Hebrews.]
done <06213> [done.]
chief <08269> [the chief.]
baskets ... white bread <02751 05536> [white baskets. or, baskets full of holes.]
goods <04639> [bake-meats. Heb. meat of Pharaoh, the work of a baker, or cook.]
three <07969> [within.]
decapitate <05375 07218> [lift up thy head from off thee. or, reckon thee and take thy office from thee. hang thee.]
birds <05775> [and the birds.]
third day <03117 07992> [third day.]
day <03117> [birthday.]
lifted <05375> [lifted up. or, reckoned.]
placed ... cup <03563 05414> [gave the cup.]
impaled <08518> [he hanged.]
forgot <07911> [but forgat him.]
Genesis 15:8-17
cut ... in two ............. cut .... in half <01334 08432> [divided them.]
birds <06833> [the birds.]
birds of prey <05861> [fowls.]
Abram <087> [Abram.]
asleep <08639> [deep.]
terror <0367> [horror.]
descendants <02233> [thy.]
four <0702> [four.]
nation <01471> [that.]
<01419> [with.]
go <0935> [And thou.]
peace <07965> [in peace.]
buried <06912> [buried.]
good <02896> [good.]
fourth <07243> [in the.]
Amorites <0567> [Amorites.]
here ............. limit <02008> [not.]
smoking <06227> [smoking.]
flaming torch <03940 0784> [a burning lamp. Heb. a lamp of fire.]
passed <05674> [passed.]
Exodus 4:1-9
staff <04294> [a rod.]
snake <05175> [it became.]
Put out ............ put out <07971> [put forth.]
Put out ............ put out <07971> [And he put.]
believe <0539> [That they.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
leprous ... snow <07950 06879> [leprous as snow.]
back .......... back ................. restored <07725> [it was turned.]
believe ............. believe <0539> [if they.]
believe ............. believe <0539> [that they.]
water .............. water <04325> [the water.]
blood <01818> [shall become. Heb. shall be, and shall be. blood.]
Exodus 4:2
staff <04294> [a rod.]
Exodus 20:8-11
seventh <07637> [the seventh.]
do <06213> [thou shalt.]
male servant <05650> [thy manservant.]
resident foreigner <01616> [thy stranger.]
Psalms 86:17
Show <06213> [Shew.]
hate <08130> [that they.]
Lord <03068> [thou.]
Isaiah 7:11
sign <0226> [a sign.]
Ask ................. miraculous <07592 06009> [ask it either in the depth. or, make thy petition deep.]
