Exodus 12:37--18:27
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
Rameses <07486> [Rameses.]
600,000 <03967 08337> [six hundred.]
mixed multitude <06154 07227> [And a mixed multitude. Heb. a great mixture.]
thrust out <01644> [thrust.]
The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years." The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Ga 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. See Kennicott's Dissertation on the Hebrew Text.
length of time <04186> [sojourning.]
430 <03967 0702> [four hundred.]
very <06106> [selfsame.]
regiments <06635> [hosts.]
night ... vigil .................. night ........ vigil <08107 03915> [a night to be much observed. Heb. a night of observations. observed.]
foreigner <01121> [There shall.]
circumcised <04135> [circumcised.]
one house ............ house <01004 0259> [one house.]
break <07665> [neither.]
community <05712> [All the.]
observe <06213> [keep it. Heb. do it.]
foreigner <01616> [a stranger.]
males <02145> [let all.]
born <0249> [shall be.]
Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
[by their armies.]
apart <06942> [Sanctify.]
The word {kadash} is to consecrate, separate, and set apart a person or thing from all common or secular purposes to some religious use; and exactly answers to the Greek [hagiazo,] from [a,] privative, and [g‚,] the earth; because everything offered or consecrated to God was separated from all earthly uses.
Remember <02142> [Remember.]
place <01004> [out of the.]
enslaved <05650> [bondage. Heb. servants. strength.]
yeast <02557> [there.]
Abib <024> [Abib.]
brings <0935> [shall bring.]
swore <07650> [sware.]
land .................... land <0776> [a land.]
keep <05647> [thou shalt keep.]
sign <0226> [a sign.]
This expression, says Michaelis, alludes to the custom of the Orientals, of burning in their right hand all kinds of marks with the ashes of henna, which gives an indelible colour; and this is done even to this day. They were likewise accustomed to write all kinds of sayings, and frequently superstitious words, on slips or pieces of linen, which they wore as ornaments on their foreheads.
mouth <06310> [may be.]
hand ....................... mighty hand <03027 02389> [strong hand.]
swore <07650> [as he sware.]
over <05674> [thou shalt.]
over <05674> [set apart. Heb. cause to pass over. openeth.]
donkey <02543> [of an ass.]
lamb <07716> [lamb. or, kid.]
redeem .......... redeem ................ redeem <06299> [shalt thou.]
son <01121> [thy son.]
future <04279> [in time to come. Heb. tomorrow.]
mighty <02392> [By strength.]
Lord killed ............................ Lord <02026 03068> [the Lord slew.]
sacrificing <02076> [therefore I.]
sign <0226> [a token.]
frontlets <02903> [frontlets.]
mighty <02392> [for by.]
people ......................... people change <05162 05971> [the people repent.]
return <07725> [return.]
brought ... people around <05437 05971> [led the.]
prepared for battle <02571> [harnessed. or, by five in a rank.]
made .... solemnly <07650> [for he had.]
God <0430> [God.]
remove <04185> [He took.]
pillar ........ pillar ... fire <0784 05982> [pillar of fire.]
Lord spoke <01696 03068> [the Lord spake.]
turn <07725> [that they.]
Pi-hahiroth <06367> [Pi-hahiroth.]
{Pi-hachiroth,} "the mouth of Chiroth," as it is rendered by the LXX. Dr. Shaw is of opinion, that Chiroth denotes the valley which extends from the wilderness of Etham to the Red Sea. "This valley," he observes, "ends at the sea in a small bay made by the eastern extremities of the mountains (of Gewoubee and Attackah, between which the valley lies) which I have been describing, and is called Tiah-Beni-Israel, i.e., the road of the Israelites, by a tradition that is still kept up by the Arabs, of their having passed through it; so it is also called Baideah, from the new and unheard of miracle that was wrought near it, by dividing the Red sea, and destroying therein Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen."
Migdol <04024> [Migdol.]
The word {Migdol} signifies a tower, and hence some have supposed that it was a fortress which served to defend the bay. But the LXX. render it [Magd¢los,] Magdolus, which is mentioned by Herodotus, Hecat‘us, and others, and is expressly said by Stephanus (de Urb.) to be [polis Aigyptou,] "a city of Egypt." This Bochart conjectures to have been the same as Migdol. See the Parallel Passages.
[Heb. Baal-zephon.]
This may have been the name of a town or city in which Baal was worshipped; and probably called {zephon,} from being situated on the north point of the Red sea, near the present Suez.
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh.]
wandering <0943> [They are entangled.]
harden <02388> [harden.]
honor <03513> [I will be.]
<04714> [that the Egyptians.]
heart <03824> [and the heart.]
done <06213> [Why have we.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
defiantly <07311 03027> [with an high hand.]
<04714> [the Egyptians.]
camping <02583> [encamping.]
were terrified <03372 03966> [sore afraid.]
cried out <06817> [cried out.]
graves <06913> [Because.]
<02063> [wherefore.]
what <01697> [Is not this.]
alone <02308> [Let us alone.]
better <02896> [For it had.]
fear Stand <03372 03320> [Fear ye not.]
see ... salvation ................. see ....... see <07200 03444> [see the.]
see ............. today ....... see today ...... see <04714 07200 03117 05704> [for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to-day. or, for whereas ye have seen the Egyptians to-day, etc. ye shall see.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
still <02790> [hold.]
lift up <07311> [lift.]
sea ................ sea <03220> [the sea.]
This sea was what is called in Scripture {yam suph,} "the sea of weeds;" so called, according to Mr. Bruce, from the vast quantity of coral which grows in it. In the LXX. it is called [thalassa erythra,] and by the Latins {Rubrum mare,} and we from them the Red Sea; so called it is supposed, from {Edom} (red) or Esau, whose territories extend to its coasts. It separates Arabia from Egypt and Ethiopia, and is computed to be 150 leagues in length from Suez to the straits of Babelmandel. The upper part is divided into two gulfs, that to the East called the Elanitic, from the city Elana at the northern extremity, and that to the west, the Heroopolitic, from the city of Heroopolis. The former is called by the Arabians Bahr el Akaba, the sea of Akaba; and the latter Bahr el Kolzum, the sea of destruction, or Clysm‘; which was that which the Israelites passed.
Israelites <01121> [and the.]
harden <02388> [I, behold.]
harden .................. honored <02388 03513> [I will.]
honored <03513> [and I will.]
[See on ver.]
angel <04397> [the angel.]
pillar <05982> [and the pillar.]
stretched <05186> [stretched.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
water <04325> [and the waters.]
This verse demonstrates that this event was wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left.
wall <02346> [a wall.]
morning <01242> [that in the.]
looked ...... army .............. army <08259 04264> [looked unto.]
pillar <05982> [through.]
panic <02000> [and troubled.]
<05493> [took off.]
difficulty <05090 03517> [that they drave them heavily. or, and made them to go heavily. Let us flee.]
Lord <03068> [for the Lord.]
Extend <05186> [Stretch out.]
waters <04325> [the waters.]
sea .... sea ............................... sea <03220> [and the sea.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
overthrew <05287> [overthrew. Heb. shook off.]
water <04325> [the waters.]
survived <07604> [remained.]
walked <01980> [walked.]
wall <02346> [a wall.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
saw <07200> [saw.]
power <03027> [work. Heb. hand. feared.]
believed <0539> [believed.]
sang ........... sing <07891> [Then.]
triumphed gloriously <01342> [for.]
strength <05797> [strength.]
song <02176> [song.]
salvation <03444> [my salvation.]
God <0410> [my God.]
praise <05115> [an habitation.]
father's God <01 0430> [my father's God.]
exalt <07311> [exalt him.]
a <0376> [a man.]
name <08034> [name.]
chosen <04005> [chosen.]
depths <08415> [depths.]
down <03381> [they.]
right hand ......... right hand <03225> [right hand.]
shattered <07492> [dashed.]
abundance <07230> [the greatness.]
rise up <06965> [them that.]
consumed <0398> [consumed.]
blast <07307> [blast.]
waters <05140> [the floods.]
chase <07291> [I will pursue.]
them .......... destroy <03423> [destroy. or, repossess.]
blew <05398> [blow.]
sea <03220> [the sea.]
sank <06749> [they sank.]
Lord <03068> [like unto thee.]
gods <0410> [gods. or, mighty ones. glorious.]
fearful <03372> [fearful.]
stretched <05186> [stretchedst.]
loyal love .......... redeemed .... guide <02617 01350 05095> [Thou.]
lead <05148> [led.]
guide <05095> [guided.]
holy <06944> [holy.]
hear <08085> [hear.]
Philistia <06429> [of Palestina.]
chiefs <0441> [dukes.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
inhabitants <03427> [all the.]
shake <04127> [melt.]
dread <06343> [dread.]
still <01826> [still.]
whom .... bought <02098 07069> [which thou.]
plant <05193> [plant.]
mountain <02022> [mountain.]
horses <05483> [horse.]
back <07725> [brought.]
prophetess <05031> [prophetess.]
sister <0269> [sister.]
hand-drum .............. hand-drums <08596> [a timbrel.]
{Toph,} in Arabic called {duff} or {diff,} and in Spanish {adduffa,} is the {tabret} used in the East; being a thin, broad, wooden hoop, with parchment extended over one side of it, to which small pieces of brass, tin, etc., are attached, which make a jingling noise: it is held up with one hand and beaten upon with the other, and is precisely the same as the tambourine.
women <0802> [all the.]
response <06030> [answered.]
Sing .... Lord <07891 03068> [Sing ye.]
Desert ... Shur ........ desert <07793 04057> [wilderness of Shur.]
This lay on the eastern shore of the Heroopolitic gulf of the Red Sea, and is still called the desert of Shur, according to Dr. Shaw.
three days <07969 03117> [three days.]
Marah ............ Marah ............ Marah <04785> [Marah.]
Marah ............ Marah ............ Marah <04785> [Marah. i.e., bitterness.]
drink <08354> [What.]
cried out <06817> [cried.]
tree <06086> [a tree.]
ordinance <02706> [a statute.]
tested <05254> [proved.]
diligently obey <08085> [If thou.]
do .......... attention <06213 0238> [and wilt.]
diseases <04245> [diseases.]
Lord .......................................... Lord <03068> [for I am.]
Elim <0362> [Elim.]
This was on the northern skirts of the desert of Sin, and, according to Dr. Shaw, two leagues from Tor, and near 30 from Corondel, which he conjectures to be Marah, where there is a small rill, which is brackish. He found but nine of the wells, the other three being filled up with sand; but the 70 palm trees had increased into more than 2,000.
journeyed <05265> [A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Ijar. took.]
Sin <05512> [Sin.]
This desert was traversed by Dr. Shaw in nine hours. He was all the day diverted by varieties of lizards and vipers, which abound there.
only <04310> [Would.]
died ...................................... kill <04191> [we had.]
meat <01320> [flesh.]
died ...................................... kill <04191> [to kill.]
hunger <07458> [hunger.]
rain <04305> [I will rain.]
amount ... each day <01697 03117> [a certain rate every day. Heb. the portion of a day in his day.]
test <05254 03212> [prove them.]
prepare <03559> [prepare.]
evening <06153> [even.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
morning <01242> [the morning.]
see <07200> [ye shall.]
<05168> [what are we.]
Lord .................... Lord ... heard ......................... Lord <08085 03068> [the Lord heareth.]
Lord .................... Lord ........................... Lord <03068> [but against.]
Come <07126> [Come near.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
looked <06437> [that they.]
appeared <07200> [appeared.]
heard <08085> [I have.]
During <0996> [At even.]
morning <01242> [in the morning.]
know <03045> [ye shall know.]
quail <07958> [the quails.]
The Hebrew {selav,} Chaldee {selaiv,} Syriac and Arabic {selwa,} is without doubt the quail: so the LXX. render it [ortygom‚tre,] a large kind of quail. Josephus, [ortyx,] Ethopic, {ferferat,} and Vulgate, {coturnices,} quails, with which agree Philo and the Rabbins. The quail is a bird of the gallinaceous kind, somewhat less than a pigeon, but larger than a sparrow. Hasselquist describes the quail of the larger kind as very much resembling the red partridge, but not larger than the turtle dove; found in Judea as well as in the deserts of Arabia Petra‘ and Egypt; and affording a most agreeable and delicate dish.
dew <02919> [the dew.]
dew <02919> [the dew.]
frost <03713> [the hoar frost.]
<04478> [It is manna. or, What is this? or, It is a portion.]
bread <03899> [This is.]
omer <06016> [omer.]
per person <01538> [for every man. Heb. by the poll, or head. persons. Heb. souls.]
full ... worms <08438 07311> [bred worms.]
Moses .................... Moses <04872> [and Moses.]
What the substance called manna was, is utterly unknown, but, from the circumstances in the text, it is evident that it was not a natural production, but was miraculously sent by Jehovah. These the learned Abarbinel, a most judicious Jewish interpreter, has thus enumerated: The natural manna was never found in the desert where this fell;--where the common manna does fall, it is only in the spring time, in March and April, whereas this fell throughout all the months in the year; the ordinary manna does not melt in the sun, as this did (ver. 21);--it does not stink and breed worms, as this did, when kept till the morning (ver. 20);--it cannot be ground or beaten in a mortar, so as to make cakes, as this was;--the common manna is medicinal and purgative, and cannot be used for food and nutriment, as this was;--this fell in a double proportion on the sixth day, and not on the sabbath, as it certainly would have done had it fallen naturally;--it followed them in all their journeys, where ever they pitched their tents;--and it ceased at the very time of the year when the other falls, namely, in March, when the Israelites were come to Gilgal. Whatever this substance was, it does not appear to have been common to the wilderness. From De 8:3, 16, it is evident that the Israelites never saw it before; and from a pot of it being preserved, it is certain that nothing of the kind ever appeared again.
cessation from work <07677> [rest.]
bake bake <0644> [bake.]
found <04672> [and they found none.]
given .......... giving <05414> [hath given.]
Each .... stay <03427 0376> [abide ye.]
called ... name <07121 08034> [called the name.]
In consequence of the term manna having been given to a drug which is now much used in England, many persons have ignorantly supposed it to be the same sort of thing as that miraculously sent for the sustenance of the children of Israel in the wilderness. The manna of commerce comes from Calabria and Sicily, where it oozes out of a kind of ash tree, from the end of June to the end of July, and is a thick, clammy, sweet juice, partly drawn from the tree by the rays of the sun, partly by the puncture of insects, and partly by artificial means. The European manna is not so good as the Oriental, which is gathered in Syria, Arabia, and Persia, from the Oriental oak, and from a shrub which is called in Persia {teranjabin.}
coriander <01407> [and it was.]
forty years <0705 08141> [forty years.]
[until they come to.]
border <07097> [the borders.]
Sin <05512> [Sin.]
Rephidim <07508> [Rephidim.]
people <05971> [the people.]
Give ... water <05414 04325> [Give us.]
people .......................... test <05971 05254> [wherefore.]
bring ... up <05927> [thou hast.]
cried out <06817> [cried.]
little <04592> [almost.]
Go <05674> [Go on.]
staff <04294> [thy rod.]
standing <05975> [I will.]
rock ......... rock <06697> [the rock.]
This rock, which is a vast block of red granite, 15 feet long, 10 broad, and 12 high, lies in the wilderness of Rephidim, to the west of Mount Horeb, a part of Sinai. There are abundant traces of this wonderful miracle remaining at this day. This rock has been visited, drawn, and described by Dr. Shaw and others; and holes and channels appear in the stone, which could only have been formed by the bursting out and running of water.
Horeb <02722> [in Horeb.]
strike <05221> [and thou.]
people <05971> [that the people.]
Massah <04532> [Massah. i.e., Temptation.]
Meribah <04809> [Meribah. that is, Chiding or Strife.]
contending <07379> [chiding.]
testing <05254> [tempted.]
Lord ... Is ... Lord <03068 03426> [Is the Lord.]
Joshua <03091> [unto Joshua.]
[Oshea. Jehoshua.]
[Hoshea. Called Jesus.]
Choose <0977> [Choose.]
staff <04294> [the rod.]
Joshua <03091> [Joshua.]
Moses ...... Moses <04872> [and Moses.]
Hur <02354> [Hur.]
hands ... Moses .................... hands .............. hands <03027 04872> [Moses' hands.]
hands ................... held up ... hands .............. hands <03027 08551> [stayed up his hands.]
memorial <02146> [memorial.]
surely wipe out <04229> [for I will.]
remembrance <02143> [the remembrance.]
<03071> [JEHOVAH-nissi. i.e., the Lord my banner.]
Lord <03050> [Because, etc. or, Because the hand of Amalek is against the throne of the Lord, therefore, etc. the Lord, etc. Heb. the hand upon the throne of the Lord.]
war <04421> [will have war.]
Jethro <03503> [Jethro.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
God <0430> [God.]
done <06213> [done.]
Zipporah <06855> [Zipporah.]
two sons <01121 08147> [two sons.]
Gershom <01647> [Gershom. i.e., A stranger there.]
Eliezer <0461> [Eliezer. i.e., my God is an help.]
delivered <05337> [delivered.]
out <03318> [went.]
bowed <07812> [did obeisance.]
kissed <05401> [kissed.]
welfare <07965> [welfare. Heb. peace.]
told <05608> [told.]
hardship <08513> [and all the.]
way <04672 01870> [come upon them. Heb found them.]
Lord ........................... Lord <03068> [how the Lord.]
know <03045> [Now I.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
thing <01697> [in the thing.]
proudly <02102> [proudly.]
brought <03947> [took.]
Aaron <0175> [Aaron.]
eat food <03899 0398> [eat bread.]
inquire <01875> [to enquire.]
dispute <01697> [a matter.]
man .... neighbor <07453 0376> [one and another. Heb. a man and his fellow.]
known <03045> [make.]
surely wear <05034> [Thou wilt surely wear away. Heb. Fading thou wilt fade.]
able <03201> [thou art.]
listen <08085> [Hearken.]
God ............. God ........ God <0430 01961> [God shall.]
people <05971> [Be thou.]
bring <0935> [bring.]
warn <02094> [teach.]
way <01870> [the way.]
work <04639> [work.]
choose <02372> [Moreover.]
capable <02428 0582> [able men.]
God-fearing <03373> [such as.]
<0582> [men.]
hate <08130> [hating.]
rulers ... thousands rulers .... rulers ..... rulers <0505 08269> [rulers of thousands.]
Whatever matter the {decarch,} or ruler over ten, could not decide, went to the {pentecontarch,} or ruler of fifty, and thence by degrees to the {hecatontarch,} or ruler over a hundred, to the {chiliarch,} or ruler over a thousand, to Moses, and at length to God himself. Each magistrate had the care or inspection of only ten men; the {decarch} superintended ten private characters; the {hecatontarch} ten {decarchs;} and the {chiliarch,} ten {hecatontarchs.}
normal <06256> [at all seasons.]
difficult <01419> [great.]
judge ............. bring ........... judge .............. bear <0935 08199 05375> [they shall.]
God <0430> [God.]
people <05971> [and all this.]
normal <06256> [at all.]
difficult cases <07186 01697> [the hard causes.]
