Exodus 25:1--30:38
take ................. receive <03947> [they.]
[bring me. Heb. take for me. offering. or, heave offering]
willing <05068> [willingly.]
bronze <05178> [brass.]
{Nechosheth,} rather, copper; as brass is a factitious metal, composed of copper, and the oxide or ore of zinc, called {lapis calaminaris.}
blue <08504> [blue.]
{Techaileth,} generally supposed to mean an azure or sky-colour; rendered by the LXX, [uakinthon,] {uakinthon}, and Vulgate, {hyacinthum.}
fine linen <08336> [fine linen. or, silk.]
acacia wood <06086 07848> [shittim wood.]
oil .... light ...... oil <08081 03974> [Oil for.]
spices <01314> [spices.]
onyx stones .... gems <07718 068> [Onyx stones.]
ephod <0646> [ephod.]
sanctuary <04720> [a sanctuary.]
live <07931> [I may dwell.]
pattern .... tabernacle .... pattern <04908 08403> [the pattern of the tabernacle.]
ark <0727> [an ark.]
{Aron} denotes a chest, or coffer, in general; but is applied particularly to the chest or ark in which the testimony or two tables of the covenant were laid up; on the top of which was the propitiatory or mercy seat; and at the end of which were the cherubim of gold; between whom the visible sign of the presence of God appeared as seated upon his throne.
atonement lid <03727> [mercy seat.]
two cherubim ... gold ............ two <08147 03742 02091> [two cherubims of gold.]
atonement lid <03727> [of the. or, of the matter of the.]
cherubim ..... spreading .............. cherubim <03742 06566> [cherubims shall.]
overshadowing <05526> [covering.]
atonement lid ................ atonement lid <03727> [toward.]
atonement lid <03727> [mercy seat.]
ark ..... ark <0727> [in.]
speak <01696> [and I will.]
between <0996> [between.]
table <07979> [a table.]
acacia wood <06086 07848> [shittim wood.]
{Shittim} wood is probably the acacia Nilotica. St. Jerome says, that the {shittim} wood grows in the deserts of Arabia, and is like white thorn, as to its colour and leaves; but the tree is so large as to furnish very long planks. The wood is hard, tough, and extremely beautiful. It is thought he means the black acacia, because that is the most common tree in the deserts of Arabia. It is of the size of a large mulberry tree. The spreading branches and larger limbs are armed with thorns, which grow three together. The bark is rough; and the leaves are oblong, standing opposite each other. The flowers, though sometimes white, are generally of a bright yellow; and the fruit, which resembles a bean, is contained in pods like those of the lupin. "The acacia," says Dr. Shaw, "being by much the largest and most common tree in the deserts," (Arabia Petr‘a,) we have some reason to conjecture that the {shittim} wood was the wood of the acacia, especially as its flowers are of an excellent smell; for the {shittah} tree is, in Isa 41:19, joined with the myrtle and other fragrant shrubs. It may be remarked, that of the two Hebrew names, {shittim} is masculine, and {shittah} feminine. So Mr. Bruce says, "the male is called {saiel;} from it proceeds the {gula} Arabic, on incision with an axe."
frame ............... border ... gold .... frame <02091 02213 04526> [a golden crown to the border.]
four rings ... gold ....... rings .... four ..... four <02885 02091 0702> [four rings of gold.]
provide ..... poles <0905 01004> [for places of the staves.]
table <07979> [the table.]
plates <07086> [the.]
pouring out <05258> [to cover. or, to pour out.]
lampstand ...... lampstand <04501> [a candlestick.]
buds <03730> [his knops.]
almond .................. almond <08246> [like unto.]
Three .................. three <07969> [and three.]
hammered <04749> [beaten.]
seven <07651> [seven.]
set .... up on <05927> [they shall.]
set .... up on ....... give light <05927 0215> [light. or, cause to ascend. give.]
front <06440> [it. Heb. the face of it.]
trimmers <04457> [the tongs.]
trays <04289> [snuff dishes.]
make <06213> [that thou make.]
sure ........... shown .... mountain <02022 07200> [was shewed thee in the mount. Heb. thou wast caused to see in the mount.]
tabernacle ........ ten curtains <04908 06235 03407> [the tabernacle with ten curtains.]
The word {mishcan,} from {shachan,} to dwell, means simply a dwelling-place, or habitation. "When God had brought the children of Israel out of Egypt," says the very learned Dr. Cudworth, "resolving to manifest himself in a peculiar manner present among them, he thought good to dwell amongst them in a visible and external manner; and therefore, while they were in the wilderness, and sojourned in tents, he would have a tent or tabernacle built, to sojourn with them also.--Now, the tabernacle being thus a house for God to dwell in visibly, to make up the notion of dwelling or habitation complete, there must be all things suitable to a house belonging to it. Hence, in the holy place, there must be a table and a candlestick, because these were the ordinary furniture of a room. The table must have its dishes, and spoons, and bowls, and covers, belonging to it, though they were never used; and always be furnished with bread upon it. The candlestick must have its lamps continually burning, etc."
fine twisted linen <08336 07806> [fine twined linen.]
cherubim <03742> [cherubims.]
work .... artistic designer <04639 02803> [cunning work. Heb. the work of a cunning workman, or embroiderer.]
curtain ............ curtain .............. curtains <03407> [curtain.]
joined ............. joined <02266> [coupled together.]
loops ... blue <03924 08504> [loops of blue.]
gold clasps ......... clasps <07165 02091> [taches of gold.]
tabernacle .... unit <04908 0259> [one tabernacle.]
curtains ................ curtains <03407> [curtains.]
goats ..... tent <05795 0168> [goats' hair.]
{Izzim,} goats, but used here elliptically for goats' hair. In different parts of Asia Minor, Syria, Cilicia, and Phrygia, the goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair; in some cases, almost as fine as silk, which is shorn at proper times, and manufactured into garments.
tent <0168> [a.]
eleven <06249> [eleven.]
length ... each curtain ............ curtain ........ same ...... curtains <0259 03407 0753> [length of one curtain.]
five curtains ...... curtains ........... curtain <02568 03407> [five curtains by themselves.]
fifty loops ............. fifty loops <02572 03924> [fifty loops.]
tent <0168> [tent. or, covering.]
hang ..... back <05628 0268> [shall hang over.]
foot and a half ........ foot and a half <0520> [a cubit.]
remains <05736> [of that which remaineth. Heb. in the remainder or surplusage.]
covering ............... covering <04372> [a covering.]
ram skins dyed red ......... leather <05785 0119 0352> [rams' skins dyed red.]
{Oroth ailim meoddamim,} literally, the skins of red rams. It is a fact, attested by many respectable travellers, that in the Levant, sheep are often met with having red or violet coloured fleeces. Almost all ancient writers speak of the same thing.
skins .......... fine leather <05785 08476> [badgers' skins.]
{Oroth techashim,} which nearly all the ancient versions have taken to be the name of a colour, though they differ very much with regard to the particular colour intended: the LXX., Vulgate, and Coptic, have skins dyed of a violet colour; the Syriac, azure; and the Arabic, black; and Bochart contends for the hysginus, a very deep blue. It may, however, denote an animal; for Dr. Geddes remarks, had the sacred writer meant to express only a variety of colour, he would hardly have repeated {¢roth,} skins, after {meoddamim,} red, in ch. 25:5.
frames <07175> [boards.]
acacia <07848> [of shittim.]
projections <03027> [tenons. Heb. hands.]
forty silver bases ......... bases ............. bases <0705 0134 03701> [forty sockets of silver.]
bases two bases ..... frame ... two bases ..... frame <0134 08147 0259 07175> [two sockets under one board.]
doubled <08382> [be coupled. Heb. twined. and they shall be coupled together above.]
bars ... acacia wood <01280 07848 06086> [bars of shittim wood.]
overlay ... frames ... gold ....... gold ............ overlay ..... gold <07175 02091 06823> [overlay the boards with gold.]
set .... tabernacle <04908 06965> [rear up the tabernacle.]
plan <04941> [according to the fashion.]
curtain ... blue <06532 08504> [a vail of.]
blue <08504> [blue.]
purple <0713> [purple.]
{Argaman,} a very precious colour, extracted from the purpura, or murex, a species of shell-fish; and supposed to be the same with the costly and much celebrated Tyrian purple.
yarn <08144> [scarlet.]
TolaÆ’th; properly the worm whence the scarlet colour was produced; which grew in a coccus, or excrescence, of a shrub of the ilex kind, like the cochineal worm in the Opuntia of America; which is arranged under the same genus as the Arabic {Kermez,} which also denotes this colour.
work .... artistic designer <04639 02803> [cunning work.]
make ................... made ... cherubim <06213 03742> [cherubims shall it be made.]
posts ... acacia <05982 07848> [pillars of shittim.]
gold hooks .......... gold <02053 02091> [their hooks shall be of gold.]
The Hebrew {waveyhem,} which we translate their hooks, is rendered by the LXX. [kephalides,] and by the Vulgate, {capiata,} capitals. Hence Calmet contends, 1. That if Moses does not mean the capitals of the pillars by this word, he mentions them nowhere else; and it would seem strange, that while he describes them with so much exactness, that he should not mention the capitals; or that pillars every way so correctly formed, should have been destitute of this necessary ornament. 2. As Moses was commanded to make the {wavim} of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver, (ch. 27:10, 11,) and the {wavim} of the pillars of the vail of gold, (ch. 36:36,) and that 1,775 shekels were employed in making them, overlaying their chapiters, {rasheyhem,} their heads, and filleting them, (ch. 38:28,) it is more reasonable to suppose that all this is spoken of the capitals of pillars, than of any kind of hooks, especially as hooks are mentioned under the word taches or clasps. But as the root {wavah} seems to signify to connect, (for [wwy,] in Arabic, is to marry a wife,) and as the letter [ww,] {wav,} if it has not its name from its hook-like form, is yet used as a connective particle, it would rather appear to denote hooks, which connected the curtains or vails to the pillars. The LXX. also render it [agkulai,] "handles", and [krikoi,] "rings" or "clasps".
clasps <07165> [the taches.]
curtain .............. behind ... curtain ... curtain <06532 01004> [within the vail.]
ark .... testimony <0727 05715> [the ark of the testimony.]
Holy Place ..... Holy Place <06944> [the holy place.]
put ... atonement lid <03727 05414> [put the mercy seat.]
table ................. table ........ table <07979> [the table.]
lampstand <04501> [the candlestick.]
hanging <04539> [hanging.]
This may be termed the first vail, as it occupied the door or entrance to the tabernacle; the vail that separated the Holy of Holies is called the second vail, Heb 9:3. Mr. Morier, (Second Journey Through Persia, p. 251,) describing the tent of a chief of the Eelauts, says, "It was composed of a wooden frame of circular laths, which were fixed on the ground, and then covered over with large felts, that were fastened down by a cord, ornamented by tassels of various colours. A curtain, curiously worked by the women, with coarse needle-work of various colours, was suspended over the door. In the king of Persia's tents, magnificent {perdahs,} or hangings of needle-work, are suspended, as well as on the doors of the great mosques in Turkey; and these circumstances combined, will, perhaps, illustrate Ex 26:36."
tent <0168> [the tent.]
blue <08504> [of blue.]
overlay .... gold ....... gold <02091 06823> [overlay them with gold.]
altar ... acacia wood .............. altar <07848 06086 04196> [altar of shittim wood.]
horns .... four corners ... horns <0702 06438 07161> [horns of it upon the four corners thereof.]
The horns might have been designed not only for ornament, but to prevent the sacrifices from falling off, and to tie the victim to, previous to its being sacrificed.
overlay .... bronze <05178 06823> [overlay it with brass.]
shovels <03257> [his shovels.]
bowls <04219> [basons.]
meat hooks <04207> [flesh-hooks.]
fire pans <04289> [firepans.]
grating ..... network <04639 04345> [a grate of network.]
four ... rings .... four corners <0702 02885 07098> [rings in the four corners thereof.]
ledge .... altar ............ altar <04196 03749> [compass of the altar.]
poles .... altar poles <0905 04196> [staves for the altar.]
carrying <05375> [bear it.]
shown <07200> [as it was shewed. Heb. he shewed.]
courtyard ................ courtyard <02691> [the court.]
courtyard ............. hangings .... courtyard <07050 02691> [hangings for.]
bronze bases <0134 05178> [sockets shall be of brass.]
bands ... silver <03701 02838> [fillets shall be of silver.]
hangings .... side <03802 07050> [hangings of one side.]
blue <08504> [of blue.]
embroiderer <07551> [needle-work.]
length .... courtyard <02691 0753> [length of the court.]
seventy-five feet <02572> [fifty every where. Heb. fifty by fifty.]
pegs ...... pegs <03489> [all the pins thereof.]
pure oil ... pressed olives <08081 02132 03795 02134> [pure oil olive beaten.]
That is, such oil as could be easily expressed from the olives, after they had been bruised in a mortar; and which is much purer than that obtained after the olives are put under the press.
light <03974> [for the light.]
lamps <05216> [to cause the lamp.]
Josephus says, that the whole of the seven lamps burned all night; and that in the morning four were extinguished, and three burned the whole of the day. Such might have been the practice in his time; but it appears sufficiently evident from ch. 30:8, and 1 Sa 3:3, that they were anciently extinguished in the morning.
burn <05927> [to burn. Heb. to ascend up.]
tent ... meeting <04150 0168> [the tabernacle of the congregation.]
outside ... curtain <02351 06532> [without the vail.]
testimony <05715> [testimony.]
Aaron <0175> [Aaron.]
evening <06153> [evening.]
lasting ordinance <05769 02708> [a statute for ever.]
near <07126> [take.]
among <08432> [among.]
Nadab <05070> [Nadab.]
holy garments <06944 0899> [holy garments.]
glory <03519> [glory.]
specially skilled <03820 02450> [wise hearted.]
filled <04390> [filled.]
breastpiece <02833> [a breastplate.]
{Choshen,} in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob.
ephod <0646> [ephod.]
The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves.
robe <04598> [a robe.]
The word {meil,} from {Æ’lah,} to ascend, go up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout.
fitted <08665> [broidered.]
turban <04701> [a mitre.]
sash <073> [a girdle.]
gold <02091> [gold.]
fine ... linen <08336> [linen.]
waistband <02805> [curious. or, embroidered.]
onyx <07718> [onyx.]
engrave <06605> [grave.]
order of their birth <08435> [according to their birth.]
engravings .... seal <02368 06603> [engravings of a signet.]
[ounces of gold.]
shoulders ......................... shoulders <03802> [the shoulders.]
Aaron ... bear <05375 0175> [Aaron shall bear.]
memorial ...................... memorial <02146> [for a memorial.]
braided chains ... pure ......... chains <08333 02889> [chains of.]
cord ..... chains <05688> [of wreathen.]
breastpiece <02833> [the breastplate.]
work <04639> [after.]
set <04390> [thou shalt.]
set ..... setting ... stones ..... stones <04396 068 04390> [set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in its fillings of stone. the first row.]
ruby <0124> [a sardius, or, ruby.]
The Hebrew {odem,} from {adam,} to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as {adam} does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple.
topaz <06357> [a topaz.]
{Pitdah,} is constantly rendered by the LXX. [topazion,] and Vulgate, {topazius,} with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour.
beryl <01304> [a carbuncle.]
{Bareketh,} from {barak,} to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet.
turquoise <05306> [emerald.]
{Nophech,} an emerald, the same with the ancient {smaragdus;} one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture.
sapphire <05601> [sapphire.]
emerald <03095> [diamond.]
jacinth <03958> [a ligure.]
agate <07618> [an agate.]
chrysolite <08658> [a beryl.]
onyx <07718> [an onyx. See on ver.]
jasper <03471> [a jasper.]
filigree settings <04396> [inclosings. Heb. fillings.]
twelve .............. twelve <08147> [twelve.]
twelve .............. twelve <08147> [according to the twelve.]
chains .... attach ........ attach them <05688 05414> [wreathen chains.]
[on the shoulder pieces.]
ephod <0646> [of the ephod.]
waistband <02805> [the curious girdle.]
cord <06616> [a lace.]
breastpiece <02833> [in the.]
heart <03820> [upon.]
memorial <02146> [a.]
Urim <0224> [the Urim and Thummim.]
[\^Mymth taw Myrwa ta\^] the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX. [\~dhlwsiv kai alhyeia\~,] manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, {doctrina et veritas,} doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, 1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exod. 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. 2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned.
decision .................... bear ... decisions <04941 05375> [bear the judgment.]
heart .................... heart <03820> [upon his heart.]
opening ................ opening ......... opening <06310> [as it were.]
torn <07167> [that it be not rent.]
purple ... scarlet ..... hem ... bells <07757 0713 08144 06472> [And.]
hem <07757> [hem. or, skirts. pomegranates.]
bells <06472> [bells.]
when ... enters ... Holy <0935 06944> [goeth in.]
plate ... pure gold <06731 02889 02091> [a plate of pure gold.]
The word {tzitz,} which we translate a plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX. [petalon,] a leaf, and is called {nezer,} a crown in ch. 29:6 and [diadema,] a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, ch. 28:24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower which the Greeks call [kyanos.] It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers.
engrave <06605 06603> [grave upon it.]
Holiness <06944> [HOLINESS.]
blue <08504> [blue.]
turban ........... turban <04701> [the mitre it.]
bear ... iniquity <05771 05375> [bear the iniquity.]
acceptance <07522> [accepted.]
weave <07660> [embroider.]
sash <073> [the girdle.]
embroiderer <07551> [needlework.]
Aaron's <0175> [Aaron's.]
headbands <04021> [bonnets.]
glory <03519> [glory.]
anoint .... ordain <04886 04390> [anoint them.]
ordain ...... apart <04390 06942> [and consecrate them. Heb. fill their hand.]
minister <03547> [minister.]
undergarments <04370> [breeches.]
bodies <01320> [their nakedness. Heb. flesh of their nakedness. reach.]
Heb. be.
altar <04196> [unto the altar.]
bear ... iniquity <05771 05375> [bear not iniquity.]
ordinance <02708> [a statute.]
[An. Ex. Is. 1. Thammuz. hallow them.]
priests <03547> [to minister.]
Take <03947> [Take.]
blemish <08549> [without.]
bread <03899> [bread.]
mixed <01101> [tempered.]
wafers <07550> [wafers.]
basket ....... basket <05536> [in the basket.]
entrance <06607> [unto the door.]
wash .... water <07364 04325> [wash them.]
garments <0899> [garments.]
waistband <02805> [curious.]
The word {cheshev,} translated curious girdle, simply signifies a kind of diaper or embroidered work, of the same texture as the ephod itself.
turban ............ turban <04701> [mitre.]
{Mitznepheth,} from {tzanaph,} to wrap round, evidently means that covering of the head so universal in eastern countries, which we call turband, which consists of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or silk wound round its bottom.
headbands <02280> [put. Heb. bind. the priest's.]
consecrate <04390> [consecrate. Heb. fill the hand of.]
bull ......................... bull <06499> [cause.]
<05564> [put.]
kill <07819> [And.]
entrance <06607> [door.]
blood ...................... blood <01818> [the blood.]
horns <07161> [the horns.]
blood ...................... blood ..... pour <08210 01818> [pour all.]
fat .................... fat <02459> [all the fat.]
lobe <03508> [and the caul.]
It seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew doctors, to be the midriff.
burn ..... altar <06999 04196> [burn them.]
meat <01320> [flesh.]
purification <02403> [it is a.]
one <0259> [one.]
lay <05564> [put.]
wash ... entrails <07364 07130> [wash the.]
pieces .............. pieces ..... head <05409 07218> [unto. or, upon.]
burnt offering <05930> [a burnt offering.]
soothing aroma <07381 05207> [sweet savour.]
second <08145> [other.]
Aaron <0175> [Aaron.]
put ..... tip .......... tip <08571 05414> [put it upon the tip.]
All this doubtless was intended to signify, that the priest should dedicate all his faculties and powers to the service of God; his ear to the hearing and study of the law; his hands to diligence in the sacred ministry, and to all acts of obedience; and his feet to walking in the way of God's precepts; for the ear is the symbol of obedience, the hand of action, and the foot of the path or conduct in life. And the sprinkling might further teach him, that he could neither hear, work, nor walk profitably, uprightly, and well pleasingly in the sight of God, without the application of the blood of the sacrifice.
splash <02236> [sprinkle.]
anointing oil <08081 04888> [the anointing oil.]
holy <06942> [shall be.]
take <03947> [Also thou.]
fat tail <0451> [the rump.]
{Alyah} is the large tail of a species of eastern sheep. "This tail," says Dr. Russell, "is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendix that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs about twelve or fourteen {Aleppo rotoloes,} (a {rotoloe} is five pounds,) of which the tail is usually three {rotoloes} or upwards; but such as are of the largest breed, and have been fattened, will sometimes weigh about thirty {rotoloes,} and the tails of these ten."
right thigh <07785 03225> [right shoulder.]
put <07760> [put.]
wave ..... wave offering <05130 08573> [wave them. Heb. shake to and fro. a wave.]
take <03947> [thou.]
aroma <05207> [for a sweet.]
burnt offering ............ offering made by fire <05930 0801> [offering.]
breast <02373> [the breast.]
share <04490> [it shall be thy.]
breast <02373> [the breast.]
wave offering <08573> [the wave offering.]
The wave offering and heave offering are thus distinguished by the Jewish writers: the former, called {tenoophah,} from {nooph,} to move, toss, was waved horizontally towards the four cardinal points, to signify that He to whom it was consecrated was the Lord of the whole earth; the latter, called {teroomah,} from room, to be elevated, was lifted perpendicularly upward and downward, in token of its being devoted to the God of heaven.
ram ... consecration <04394 0352> [the ram of the consecration.]
{Ail milluim,} literally, "the ram of filling;" so called, according to some, because at the consecration of the priests, certain pieces of the sacrifice were put into their hands (ver. 24;) on which account their consecration itself is called "filling their hands." (ch. 28:41.) Rabbi Solomon gives a different reason for the ram being so called, from {malai,} to be full, complete; because the sacrifice completed the consecration, and thereupon the priests were fully invested in their office. Accordingly, the LXX. render it by [teleiosis,] consummation.
[See]
Aaron <0175> [Aaron's.]
contribution ....... contribution .......... contribution <08641> [is an heave.]
<02077> [sacrifice.]
holy <06944> [holy.]
sons <01121> [his.]
anointed <04888> [anointed.]
sons <01121> [that son. Heb. he of his sons.]
seven days <03117 07651> [seven days.]
ram <0352> [the ram.]
cook ... meat <01320 01310> [seethe his flesh.]
Aaron <0175> [Aaron.]
bread <03899> [and the bread.]
eat ...... atonement ................ eat <0398 03722> [eat those.]
else <02114> [a stranger.]
holy <06944> [they are holy.]
meat <01320> [flesh.]
burn up <08313> [burn.]
do <06213> [thus shalt thou do.]
commanded <06680> [according.]
seven days <03117 07651> [seven days.]
day <03117> [every day.]
purge <02398> [cleanse.]
anoint ...... apart <04886 06942> [anoint it.]
altar ..... apart ...... altar .......... altar .... holy <06942 04196> [and sanctify it.]
altar .......... altar .......... altar <04196> [it shall be an.]
two lambs <08147 03532> [two lambs.]
morning <01242> [in the morning.]
sundown <06153> [at even.]
tenth of an ephah <06241> [a tenth.]
fine flour <05560> [deal.]
{Deal} signifies a part, from the Anglo-Saxon {d‘l,} a part, or portion, taken from the whole, from {d‘lan,} to divide. From Nu 28:5, we learn, that this tenth {deal} was the tenth part of an {ephah,} which constituted an {omer,} about three quarts English.
hin ............ hin <01969> [hin.]
drink offering <05262> [a drink.]
are ... offer <06213> [offer.]
regular <08548> [a continual.]
meet <03259> [where.]
apart <06942> [the tabernacle. or, Israel. sanctified.]
apart ............... apart .... Aaron <06942 0175> [sanctify also.]
Lord ....................... Lord <03068> [that I am.]
[them: I am.]
[The Samaritan inserts the first ten verses of this chapter after ver. 32 of chap. 26.]
altar <04196> [an altar.]
burning incense <04729 07004> [to burn incense.]
Where so many sacrifices were offered, it was essentially necessary to have some pleasing perfume to counteract the disagreeable smells that must have arisen from the slaughter of so many animals, the burning of so much flesh, the sprinkling of the blood. No blood was ever sprinkled on this altar, except once a year, on the grand day of expiation. It was called also the golden altar (Nu 4:11); and the incense was as constantly burnt on it every day, as the morning and evening sacrifice of a lamb was burnt on the brazen altar.
horns <07161> [the horns.]
overlay .... pure <06823 02889> [overlay it.]
top <01406> [top. Heb. roof. sides. Heb. walls.]
rings <02885> [rings.]
two ........... two flanks ......... two <06763 08147> [two corners. Heb. ribs.]
curtain <06532> [vail.]
front ............ testimony before ... atonement lid ...... testimony <06440 03727 05715> [before the mercy seat that is over the testimony.]
The words [lpny hkprt ashr `l h`dt,] {liphney haccapporeth asher Æ’l haaiduth,} "before the mercy-seat that is over the testimony," are thought to be a repetition of the preceding clause, [lpn` hprkt 'sha `l 'rn h`dt,] {liphney happarocheth asher Æ’l aron haaiduth,} "before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony; the word [hprkt,] <\\See definition 06532\\>,] {happarocheth,} "the vail," being corrupted, by transposing the letters into [hkprt,] <\\See definition 03727\\>,] {hacapporeth,} "the mercy-seat," and the word ['rn,] <\\See definition 0727\\>,] {aron,} "ark," omitted. This repetition, as Dr. Kennicott observes, places the altar of incense before the mercy-seat, and consequently in the Holy of Holies! Now this could not be, as the altar of incense was attended every day, and the Holy of Holies entered only once in the year. The five words which appear to be a repetition are wanting in twenty-six of Kennicott's and Rossi's MSS. and in the Samaritan Text.
meet <03259> [I will.]
[sweet incense. Heb. incense of spices.]
attends <03190> [dresseth.]
up <05927> [lighteth. or, setteth up. Heb. causeth to ascend. at even.]
Heb. between the two evens.
regular <08548> [a perpetual.]
Aaron <0175> [Aaron.]
sin offering <02403> [sin offering.]
take <05375> [takest.]
number ................ when ... number them ............. number <06485> [their number. Heb. them that are to be numbered. a ransom.]
plague <05063> [no plague.]
shekel ..... shekel ...... shekel ... twenty ..... shekel <08255 06242> [a shekel is.]
half shekel ..... shekel ...... shekel ...... half shekel <04276 08255> [an half shekel.]
twenty <06242> [from twenty.]
rich <06223> [rich.]
increase <07235> [give more. Heb. multiply. give less than. Heb. diminish. an atonement.]
give <05414> [appoint.]
memorial <02146> [a memorial.]
basin <03595> [a laver.]
put ..... tent ........ put <05414 0168> [put it.]
die ..... approach <04191 05066> [die not.]
ordinance <02706> [a statute.]
choice <07218> [thee principal.]
free-flowing myrrh <04753 01865> [pure myrrh.]
Myrrh is a white gum, issuing from the trunk and larger branches of a thorny tree resembling the acacia, growing in Arabia, Egypt, and Abyssinia. Its taste is extremely bitter; but its smell, though strong, is agreeable; and it entered into the composition of the most costly ointments among the ancients. The epithet {deror,} rendered pure, properly denotes fluid, from the Arabic {darra,} to flow; by which is meant the finest and most excellent kind, called {stacte,} which issues of itself from the bark without incision.
cinnamon <07076> [cinnamon.]
{Kinnamon bosem,} odoriferous or spicy cinnamon, is the bark of the canella, a small tree of the size of a willow growing in the island of Ceylon.
spices ................... sweet-smelling ......... sweet-smelling cane <07070 01314> [sweet calamus.]
{Kenaih bosem,} {calamus aromaticus,} or odoriferous cane, is a reed growing in Egypt, Syria, and India, about two feet in height, bearing from the root a knotted stalk, quite round, containing in its cavity a soft white pith. It is said to scent the air while growing; and when cut down, dried, and powdered, makes an ingredient in the richest perfumes.
cassia <06916> [cassia.]
shekel <08255> [the shekel.]
four quarts <01969> [hin.]
perfumer <07543> [apothecary. or, perfumer.]
sacred ............... sacred <06944> [an holy.]
touches <05060> [whatsoever.]
anoint <04886> [anoint.]
sanctify <06942> [consecrate.]
sacred <06944> [an holy.]
people's <0120> [man's.]
holy ...... holy <06944> [it is.]
perfume <07543> [compoundeth.]
puts ...... someone not <02114> [a stranger.]
cut off .... people <03772 05971> [cut off.]
spices <05561> [unto thee.]
gum <05198> [stacte. Heb. nataph.]
The Jews and others suppose it to be what was afterwards called the balm of Jericho, or Gilead.
onycha <07827> [onycha.]
The word {shechaileth} is generally allowed to denote onycha, (nail-fish, from its form,) as it is rendered by the LXX. and Vulgate. It is the shell of the purpura, and of the whole class of murex; and serves as the basis of the principal perfumes in India.
galbanum <02464> [galbanum.]
{Chelbenah,} (probably from {chalay,} milk or gum, and {lavan,} white,) is the gummy, resinous juice of an umbelliferous plant, the {bubon gumniferum} of Linn‘us, growing in Syria, Persia, and Africa. It rises with a ligneous stalk from eight to ten feet, and is garnished with leaves at every joint. The top of the stalk is terminated by an umbel of yellow flowers which are succeeded by oblong channelled seeds, which have a thin membrane or wing on their border. When any part of the plant is broken, there issues out a little thin juice, of a cream colour, of a fat, tough substance, like gum ammoniac, composed of many small, shining grains, of a strong, piercing smell and a sharp, warm taste.
frankincense <03828> [frankincense.]
incense <07004> [perfume.]
work <04639> [after the.]
finely <04414> [tempered. Heb. salted.]
testimony <05715> [the testimony.]
meet <03259> [where I will.]
are ... make ..... make <06213> [ye shall.]
holy <06944> [it shall.]
cut off <03772> [be cut off.]
Exodus 31:7-11
tent ..................... tent <0168> [tabernacle.]
ark <0727> [ark.]
furnishings <03627> [furniture. Heb. vessels.]
table <07979> [the table.]
pure lampstand <04501 02889> [pure candlestick.]
altar <04196> [the altar.]
altar <04196> [the altar.]
basin <03595> [the laver.]
anointing <04888> [the anointing.]
sweet incense <07004 05561> [sweet incense.]
Exodus 35:11-19
tabernacle <04908> [tabernacle.]
clasps <07165> [taches.]
{Keraism,} from {karas,} to bend, so called from their curved form; hooks, clasps, or any thing used for the purpose of fastening: the word taches is formed by aph‘resis from the French attacher, to fasten. They were equivalent, perhaps, to our hooks-and-eyes.
ark <0727> [ark.]
conceals <06532> [the vail.]
lampstand <04501> [candlestick.]
{Menorah,} rather, a chandelier, which was of pure gold, and is described as having one shaft, with six branches proceeding from it, adorned at equal distances with six flowers, like lilies, with as many bowls and knops placed alternately.
incense ........... incense <07004> [the incense.]
hanging <04539> [the hanging.]
altar <04196> [The altar.]
basin <03595> [the laver.]
hangings <07050> [The hangings.]
pegs ....... pegs <03489> [The pins.]
These, as Dr. Wall observes, were not particularly mentioned. Josephus says, that to every board of the tabernacle, and to every pillar of the hangings of the court, there were ropes or cords, fastened at the top of the board or pillar, and that the other end of the rope was fastened to a [passalos,] a nail, or pin, which, at a good distance off, was driven into the ground up to the head, a cubit deep. This was to keep the tabernacle from being blown down by the wind. Dr. Shaw, describing the tents of the Bedouins, says, "These tents are kept firm and steady by bracing or stretching down their eaves with cords tied to wooden hooked pins, well pointed, which they drive into the ground with a mallet; one of these pins answering to the nail, as the mallet does to the hammer, which Jael used in fastening to the ground the temples of Sisera." (Jud 4:21.)
garments .......... garments ........ garments <0899> [The cloths.]
holy .... holy <06944> [the holy.]
Exodus 36:1--40:38
[An. Ex. Is. 1. Tisri to Adar. Bezaleel.]
[wise-hearted man.]
service <05656> [for the service.]
Lord ............................... Lord <03068> [according.]
person ........... heart <03820> [in whose.]
person ........... heart <03820> [one whose.]
offerings <08641> [the offering.]
morning <01242> [every morning.]
When God puts grace into the heart, the hands will be diligently employed in every good work.
<03498> [and too much.]
skilled <02450> [wise.]
doing .... made ................... made <06213> [made.]
cherubim <03742> [cherubims.]
{Keroovim,} cherubim, not cherubims. What these were we cannot determine. Some, observing that the verb {kerav} in Syriac, sometimes means to resemble, make like, conceive the noun {keroov} signifies no more than an image, figure, or representation of anything. Josephus says they were flying animals, like none of those which are seen by man, but such as Moses saw about the throne of God. In another place he says, "As for the cherubim, nobody can tell or conceive what they were like." These symbolical figures, according to the description of them by Ezekiel, (ch. 1:10; 10:14,) were creatures with four heads and one body; and the animals of which these forms consisted were the noblest of their kind; the lion among the wild beasts; the bull among the tame ones; the eagle among the birds, and man at the head of all. Hence some have conceived them to be somewhat of the shape of flying oxen; and it is alleged in favour of this opinion, that the far more common meaning of the verb {kerav,} in Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, being to plough, the natural meaning of {keroov,} is a creature used in ploughing. This seems to have been the ancient opinion which tradition had handed down, concerning the shape of the cherubim with the flaming sword, that guarded the tree of life. (Ge 3:24.)
together ... one ............ unit <0259> [so it became.]
covering ............... covering <04372> [covering.]
ram skins dyed red ......... leather <05785 0119 0352> [rams' skins dyed red.]
This was the third covering of the tabernacle. The first and lowermost was made of fine linen, richly embroidered with figures of cherubim, in shades of blue, purple, and scarlet (ver. 8-13). It is reasonable to suppose, that the right side of this curtain was undermost, and so it formed a beautiful ceiling in the inside of the tabernacle. The second covering, which lay over the embroidered one, was made of a sort of mohair, (ver. 14-17,) and the fourth, or uppermost one, which was to keep the others from the weather, was made of {tachash,} or badgers' skins.
frames <07175> [boards.]
acacia wood <06086 07848> [shittim wood.]
length <0753> [The length.]
Each of these boards, taking the cubit at nearly twenty-two inches, was about eighteen feet long, and two feet nine inches broad. As these boards are said to be standing up (ver. 20,) their length was consequently the height of the tabernacle; and as the two sides were composed of twenty of these, standing up (ver. 23, 25,) and the west end of six, with two boards to project at the corners, (ver. 27, 28,) the tabernacle must therefore, have been thirty cubits, or fifty-five feet long, and about ten cubits, or eighteen feet broad. These boards were fastened at the bottom by two tenons in each board, which fitted into two mortices in the foundation, at the top by links or hasps, and on the sides by five wooden bars, which ran through rings or staples in each of the boards. The boards and bars were all overlaid with gold; and their rings for the staves, and their hasps at top, were of the same metal. The foundation on which they stood consisted of about ninety-six solid blocks of silver, two under each board, about eighteen inches long, and of a suitable thickness; and each weighing a talent, or about a hundred weight. Four blocks of silver formed the bases of the columns which supported the curtain that divided the inside of the tabernacle into two rooms.
west <03220> [westward.]
doubled <08382> [coupled. Heb. twined.]
frames ..... bases ... bases two bases ... each frame <0134 0259 07175 08147> [under every board two sockets. Heb. two sockets, two sockets, under one board.]
tabernacle .......... tabernacle <04908> [the tabernacle.]
curtain ... blue <08504 06532> [vail of blue.]
{Parachoth,} from {parach,} to separate, divide, make a distinction between somewhat, the inner vail, which divided the tabernacle into two, and separated, and made a distinction between the Holy place and the Holy of Holies. This vail was made of the same rich materials as the inner covering of the tabernacle, and curiously embroidered with cherubim and other ornaments. Though it does not appear from Scripture at what distance from either end of the tabernacle this vail was hung, yet is reasonably conjectured, that it divided it in the same proportion in which the temple, built after this model, was divided; that is, two-thirds of the whole length were allotted to the first room, and one-third to the second; so that the room beyond the vail, the Holy of Holies, was exactly square, being ten cubits each way, and the first room, the sanctuary, was twice as long as it was broad.
hanging <04539> [an hanging.]
This vail was a fine embroidered curtain, of the same materials and of the same workmanship as the inner vail and inner covering of the tabernacle. The text does not say how low it hung. Philo makes it touch the ground; but Josephus will have it to come down but half way, so that the people might have a view of the inside of the tabernacle; but then he says there was another curtain over that, which came to the ground, to keep it from the weather, and was drawn aside on the sabbath and other festivals.
embroiderer <07551> [of needlework. Heb. the work of a needle worker, or embroider.]
bands ... gold <02091 02838> [fillets with gold.]
poles <0905> [staves.]
gold <02091> [with gold.]
end ........ end <07098> [on the end. or, out of, etc. on the other end. or, out of, etc.]
cherubim ... spreading ............. cherubim <03742 06566> [cherubims spread.]
atonement lid ............. atonement lid <03727> [to the mercy seatward.]
Nothing but the ark of the covenant, with the mercy-seat, was put within the most holy place; but without the vail this "table of {shittim} wood" was fixed, of the same height as the ark, but neither so long nor so broad. It was made of the same materials as the ark, and with a golden cornice; but it had also another cornice below the edge, and one at the bottom, with a border between the two of a hand breadth; though some think one border only was below the edge, and that this was towards the bottom, to keep the feet or legs more closely united. The table also had rings and staves for the convenience of removing it. To it were annexed several vessels; as dishes, in which some think the shewbread was placed; or, according to others, the flour of which it was made, or the oil used for various purposes; spoons, which were employed about the incense offered on the golden altar, or carried within the vail in a censer on the day of atonement. Some have supposed the word to denote vials, as we read of vials full of odours and incense (Rev 5:3): covers, which seem to have been put over both the loaves and the incense, yet some suppose they were vessels used in drink-offerings; but that is more reasonably considered as the use of the bowls.
plates <07086> [dishes.]
pouring out <02004 05258> [cover withal. or, pour out withal.]
lampstand ... pure ...... lampstand <04501 02889> [the candlestick of.]
almond <08246> [almonds.]
one <0259> [were.]
hammered <04749> [beaten work.]
made <06213> [he made.]
incense <07004> [incense.]
perfumer <07543> [the apothecary.]
altar <04196> [the altar.]
This altar consisted of four boards of {shittim} (acacia) wood, covered with brass, and hollow in the middle; but it is supposed to have been filled up with earth when used, for it is expressly said (ch. 20:24) that the altar is to be of earth. As it was five cubits long and five cubits broad, and three cubits high, if the cubit be reckoned at 21 inches, it must have been eight feet nine inches square, and about five feet three inches in height.
seven feet six inches .... seven feet six inches ..... square .... height ... four feet six <0520 07969 06967 07251> [foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof.]
made <06213> [he made.]
bronze <05178> [brass.]
made ....................... made <06213> [he made.]
meat hooks <04207> [flesh-hooks.]
grating <04345> [the grate.]
carry .... made <05375 06213> [to bear it withal.]
basin <03595> [the laver.]
mirrors <04759> [looking glasses. or, brazen glasses.]
The word {maroth,} from {raah,} to see, denotes reflectors, or mirrors, of any kind. That these could not have been looking glasses, as in our translation, is sufficiently evident, not only from the glass not being then in use, but also from the impossibility of making the brazen laver of such materials. The first mirrors known among men, were the clear fountain and unruffled lake. The first artificial ones were made of polished brass, afterwards of steel, and when luxury increased, of silver; but at a very early period, they were made of a mixed metal, particularly of tin and copper, the best of which, as Pliny informs us, were formerly manufactured at Brundusium. When the Egyptians went to their temples, according to St. Cyril, they always carried their mirrors with them. The Israelitish women probably did the same; and Dr. Shaw says, that looking-glasses are still part of the dress of Moorish women, who carry them constantly hung at their breasts.
women ... served <06633> [assembling. Heb. assembling by troops.]
It is supposed that these women kept watch during the night. Among the ancients, women were generally employed as door-keepers. See 1 Sa 2:22.
courtyard .......... courtyard <02691> [the court.]
hangings <07050> [hangings.]
embroiderer <07551> [needlework.]
pegs <03489> [the pins.]
tabernacle ... tabernacle .... testimony <05715 04908> [tabernacle of testimony.]
The word tabernacle is used in many different senses, and signifies, I. A tent or pavilion, .# Nu 24:5 Mt 17:4 II. A house or dwelling, .# Job 11:4 22:23 III. A kind of tent, which is designated, to speak after the manner of the men, the palace of the Most High, the dwelling of the God of Israel, .# 26:1 Heb 9:2,3 IV. Christ's human nature, of which the Jewish tabernacle was a type, wherein God dwells really, substantially, and personally, .# Heb 8:2 9:11 V. The true church militant, .# Ps 15:1 VI. Our natural body, in which the soul lodges as in a tabernacle, .# 2Co 5:1 2Pe 1:13 VII. The token of God's gracious presence, .# Re 21:3
direction <03027> [by the hand.]
Ithamar <0385> [Ithamar.]
Bezalel <01212> [Bezaleel.]
The supernatural qualifications of Bezaleel and Aholiab proved their divine appointment; yet they had an express nomination to their work: they were also miraculously qualified to instruct their assistants, as well as to superintend them. Christ alone builds the Temple of the Lord, and bears the glory; but ministers and private Christians, under his direction and by his grace, may be fellow-workers together with him. They who, in mean employments, are diligent and humbly contented, are equally acceptable with those who are engaged in more splendid services. The women who spun the goats' hair were wise-hearted, as well as the persons who presided over the work of the tabernacle, or as Aaron, who burnt incense there, because they did it heartily unto the Lord. Our wisdom and duty consist in giving God the glory and use of our talents, be they more or less; neither abusing nor burying them, but occupying with them until our Lord shall come; being satisfied that it is better to be a door-keeper in his service, than the most mighty and renowned of the ungodly.--Scott.
Lord <03068> [all that the Lord.]
Oholiab <0171> [Aholiab.]
designer <02803> [a cunning.]
gold ................. gold <02091> [All the gold.]
If we follow the estimation of the learned Dean Prideaux, the value of the twenty-nine talents, and 730 shekels of gold, will be 198,347Å“. 12s. 6d. The value of the silver contributed by 603,550 Israelites, at half a shekel, or 1s. 6d. per man, will amount to 45,266Å“. 5s. The value of the 70 talents, 2,400 shekels of brass, will be 513Å“. 17s. The gold weighed 4,245 pounds; the silver, 14,603 pounds; and the brass, 10,277 pounds, troy weight. The total value of all the gold, silver, and brass, will consequently amount to 244,127Å“. 14s. 6d.; and the total weight of these three metals will amount to 29,124 pounds troy, which reduced to avoirdupois weight, is equal to fourteen tons, 226 pounds!--It may, perhaps, seem difficult to imagine how the Israelites should be possessed of so much wealth in the desert; but it should be remembered, that their ancestors were opulent men before they came into Egypt; that they were further enriched by the spoils of the Egyptians and Amalekites; and that it is probable, they traded with the neighbouring nations who bordered on the wilderness. There appear to be three reasons why so much riches should have been employed in the construction of the tabernacle, etc. 1. To impress the people's minds with the glory and dignity of the Divine Majesty, and the importance of his service. 2. To take out of their hands the occasion of covetousness. 3. To prevent pride and vain glory, by leading them to give up to the divine service even the ornaments of their persons.
wave offering <08573> [offering.]
shekels ...... shekel <08255> [the shekel.]
beka <01235> [bekah.]
person <01538> [every man. Heb. a poll.]
603,550 <03967 08337> [six hundred.]
bases ....... bases ........ bases ......... base <0134> [and the sockets.]
made bands <02836> [and filleted them.]
bases <0134> [the sockets.]
blue <08504> [the blue.]
garments .......... garments <0899> [cloths.]
made ........ sanctuary ... made holy <06944 06213> [holy place.]
sanctuary .... holy <06944> [the holy.]
work .... artistic designer <04639 02803> [cunning work.]
waistband <02805> [curious.]
Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
onyx stones <07718 068> [onyx stones.]
The meaning of the word {shoham} is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name [(onyx).] It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx.
filigree <04865> [ouches.]
{Mishbetzoth,} strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from {shavatz,} to straiten, enclose.
memorial <02146> [a memorial.]
rows ..... row ............ row <02905> [the first row.]
ruby <0124> [sardius. or, ruby.]
emerald <03095> [a diamond.]
The word {yahalom} may mean the diamond, from {halam,} to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metal-line particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections.
jacinth <03958> [a ligure.]
{Leshem,} the ligure, the same as the jacinth, or hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. Theophrastus and Pliny say it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire.
agate <07618> [an agate.]
{Shevo,} the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper. horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, etc.; joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects.
amethyst <0306> [an amethyst.]
{Achlamah,} an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour.
chrysolite <08658> [a beryl.]
Tarshish, a pellucid gem, of a sea or blueish green colour.
jasper <03471> [a jasper.]
{Yaspeh,} the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc.
braided chains <08333 01383> [chains at the ends.]
gold ...... gold rings ....... rings <02091 02885> [gold rings.]
two ..... two chains ...... two <05688 08147> [two wreathen.]
ephod <0646> [ephod.]
juncture <04225> [coupling.]
Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
made <06213> [they made.]
pomegranates <07416> [pomegranates.]
bells ........ bells <06472> [bells.]
pomegranates .......... pomegranates <07416> [the pomegranates.]
pomegranate ...... pomegranate <07416> [pomegranate.]
hem <07757> [hem.]
tunics <03801> [coats.]
fine linen <08336> [fine.]
The word {Shesh} seems rather to mean cotton, than either fine linen or silk; called also {butz,} and by the Greeks, [byssos,] and Romans, {byssus.}
turban <04701> [a mitre.]
fine linen ..... fine linen .... undergarments ... fine ... linen <08336 0906> [linen.]
undergarments <04370> [breeches.]
{Michnasim,} from {kanas,} to wrap round.
sash <073> [a girdle.]
{Avnet,} a belt or girdle, of the same kind as the eastern sash, which confines the loose garments about the waist; and in which their long skirts are tucked up when at work or on a journey.
plate <06731> [the plate.]
holy ................... Holiness <06944> [HOLINESS.]
work <05656> [all the.]
Lord <03068> [according.]
tent <0168> [the tent.]
atonement lid <03727> [the mercy seat.]
Presence <06440> [the shewbread.]
lamps .... lamps <05216> [even with.]
fragrant incense <07004 05561> [sweet incense. Heb. the incense of sweet spice.]
garments ......... garments ........ garments <0899> [cloths.]
sanctuary ... holy <06944> [the holy.]
Lord <03068> [according.]
did <06213> [made.]
inspected <07200> [did look.]
blessed <01288> [blessed them.]
month <02320 0259> [the first month.]
tabernacle <04908> [tabernacle.]
table <07979> [the table.]
things that belong on <06187> [the things that, etc. Heb. the order thereof.]
lampstand <04501> [the candlestick.]
altar <04196> [the altar.]
put <07760> [put.]
courtyard ............. courtyard <02691> [the court.]
anointing oil <04888 08081> [the anointing oil.]
sanctify <06942> [sanctify.]
[most holy. Heb. holiness of holiness.]
anoint .... sanctify <04886 06942> [anoint him.]
continue <05769> [everlasting.]
Lord <03068> [according.]
first day .... first month <02320 07223> [the first month.]
set .................... set <06965> [reared.]
put ........... attached <05414> [and fastened.]
tent ........... tent <0168> [the tent.]
testimony <05715> [the testimony.]
atonement lid <03727> [mercy.]
brought <0935> [he brought.]
shielded <05526> [and covered.]
put <05414> [he put.]
north <06828> [northward.]
altar <04196> [the altar.]
offered <05927> [offered.]
wash <07364> [washed.]
Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
set .... courtyard ................. courtyard <02691 06965> [up the court.]
tabernacle <04908> [the tabernacle.]
The tabernacle might either be called a house or a tent, because it had wooden walls and partitions like a house, and curtains and hangings like a tent; but as it externally resembled a common oblong tent, and the wooden walls were without a roof, and properly only supports for the many curtains and hangings spread over them, it is more properly called a tent. Even the ordinary tents of the Arabs have at least two main divisions; the innermost for the women, and hence called sacred, i.e., cut off, inaccessible. In the tent of an {emir} the innermost space is accessible to himself only, or those whom he particularly honours; into the outer tent others may come. The furniture is costly, the floor covered with a rich carpet, and has a stand with a censer and coals, on which incense is strewed. Hence we have the simple idea after which this magnificent royal tent of Jehovah, the King and God of the Hebrews, was made.
curtain <04539> [hanging.]
Moses <04872> [So Moses.]
cloud <06051> [a cloud.]
cloud <06051> [when.]
lifted <05265> [went onward. Heb. journeyed.]
cloud <06051> [the cloud.]
fire <0784> [fire.]
CONCLUDING REMARKS. Moses was undoubtedly the author of this Book, which forms a continuation of the preceding, and was evidently written after the promulgation of the law: it embraces the history of about 145 years. Moses, having in the Book of Genesis described the creation of the world, the origin of nations, and the peopling of the earth, details in the Book of Exodus the commencement and nature of the Jewish Church and Polity, which has very properly been termed a Theocracy, (Theokratia, from [Theos <\\See definition 2316\\>,] God, and [krate¢ <\\See definition 2902\\>,] to rule,) in which Jehovah appears not merely as their Creator and God, but as their King. Hence this and the following books of Moses are not purely historical; but contain not only laws for the regulation of their moral conduct and the rites and ceremonies of their religious worship, but judicial and political laws relating to government and civl life. The stupendous facts connected with these events, may be clearly perceived by consulting the marginal references; and many of the circumstances are confirmed by the testimony of heathen writers. Numenius, a Pythagorean philosopher, mentioned by Eusebius, speaks of the opposition of the magicians, whom he calls Jannes and Jambres, to the miracles of Moses. Though the names of these magicians are not preserved in the Sacred Text, yet tradition had preserved them in the Jewish records, from which St. Paul (2 Ti 3:8.) undoubtedly quotes. Add to this that many of the notions of the heathen respecting the appearance of the Deity, and their religious institutions and laws, were borrowed from this book; and many of their fables were nothing more than distorted traditions of those events which are here plainly related by Moses.
