Isaiah 28:1--35:10
crown <05850> [A.M. 3279. B.C. 725. the crown.]
This chapter begins a new subject, chiefly relating to the devastations of Israel and Judah by the Assyrian kings. The ancient Samaria being beautifully situated on the top of a round hill, and surrounded immediately with a rich valley, and then a circle of other hills around it, suggested the idea of a chaplet, or wreath of flowers.
drunkards <07910> [drunkards.]
beautiful <06643> [whose.]
overcome <01986> [overcome. Heb. broken.]
sovereign master <0136> [the Lord.]
hailstorm ............. rainstorm <02230> [as a tempest.]
crown <05850> [The crown.]
trampled <07429> [shall.]
underfoot <07272> [under feet. Heb. with feet.]
withering <05034> [shall be.]
early fig <01061> [the hasty.]
"No sooner," says Dr. Shaw, "doth the {boccore} (or early fig) draw near to perfection in the middle or latter end of June, than the {kermez,} or summer fig, begins to be formed, though it rarely ripens before August; about which time the same tree frequently throws out a third crop, or winter fig, as we may call it. This is usually of a much longer shape and darker complexion than the {kermez,} hanging and ripening upon the tree, even after the leaves are shed; and, provided the winter proves mild and temperate, is gathered as a delicious morsel in the spring."
swallows <01104> [eateth. Heb. swalloweth.]
Lord <03068> [shall the.]
diadem <06843> [for a diadem.]
remnant <07605> [residue.]
discernment <07307> [for a spirit.]
strength <01369> [and for strength.]
stagger .............. stagger .................. stagger <07686> [erred.]
confused <01104> [are swallowed.]
stagger .............. stagger .................. stagger .... prophetic visions <07686 07203> [err in.]
teach <03384> [shall he teach.]
message <08052> [doctrine. Heb. the hearing.]
weaned <01580> [weaned.]
meaningless gibberish senseless babbling <06673> [For precept.]
meaningless gibberish senseless babbling <06673> [must be. or, hath been.]
mocking <03934> [with.]
mocking lips <08193 03934> [stammering lips. Heb. stammerings of lips. will he speak. or, he hath spoken.]
security ................ rest <04496 04774> [This.]
refused <014> [yet.]
meaningless gibberish senseless babbling <06673> [precept upon precept.]
<03212> [that.]
mock <03944> [ye.]
made ........................... made <03772 07760> [We have.]
To be in covenant with a thing, says Bp. Lowth, is a proverbial expression to denote perfect security from mischief or evil of which it is the cause.
<07857> [when.]
made ........................... made <03772 07760> [we have made.]
maintains <03245> [Behold.]
faith <0539> [he that.]
justice <04941> [Judgment.]
hail <01259> [and the hail.]
floodwaters <04325> [and the waters.]
treaty <01285> [your covenant.]
dissolved <03722> [shall be disannulled.]
For {kuppar,} Houbigant, Archbp. Secker, and Bp. Lowth, would read {tuppar;} but the former may well have the sense ascribed to it here, as it signifies in Chaldee and Syriac, {abstersit, diluit, abolevit.}
overwhelming <07857> [when.]
overrun <04823> [trodden down by it. Heb. a treading down to it.]
Whenever <01767> [the time.]
announcement <02113> [and it.]
understood ....... terror <08052 0995> [to understand the report. or, when he shall make you to understand doctrine.]
bed <04702> [the bed.]
Mount Perazim <06559 02022> [in mount Perazim.]
Valley <06010> [the valley.]
[Geba.]
peculiar ........ strange <02114 05237> [his strange.]
mock <03887> [be ye.]
chains <04147> [lest.]
destruction <03617> [a consumption.]
harrowing <07702> [break.]
<07795> [in the principal, etc. or, the wheat in the principal place, and the barley in the appointed place. rye. or, spelt.]
places <01367> [place. Heb. border.]
God <0430> [For his God, etc. or, And he bindeth it in such sort as his]
God doth teach him.
threshed <01758> [threshed.]
caraway seed .................... caraway seed <07100> [the fitches.]
Grain <03899> [Bread.]
wheel <01536> [the wheel.]
gives <03318> [cometh.]
[A.M. 3292. B.C.712. woe. etc. or, O Ariel, that is, the lion of God.]
town <07151> [the city. or, of the city.]
<05595> [add.]
schedule <05362> [kill. Heb. cut off the heads.]
threaten <06693> [I will.]
Ariel ........... altar <0740> [and it shall.]
Or, as Bp. Lowth renders, "and it shall be unto me as the hearth of the great altar;" that is, it shall be the seat of the fire of God, which shall issue from thence to consume his enemies. The hearth of the altar is expressly called {ariel} by Ezekiel, ch. 43:15; which is put, in the former part of the verse, for Jerusalem, the city in which the altar was. The subject of this and the four following chapters, says Bp. Lowth, is the invasion of Sennacherib; the great distress of the Jews while it continued; their sudden and unexpected deliverance by God's immediate and miraculous interposition on their behalf; the subsequent prosperous state of the kingdom under Hezekiah; interspersed with severe reproofs and threats of punishment for their hypocrisy, stupidity, infidelity, their want of trust in God, and their vain reliance on the assistance of Egypt; and with promises of better times, both immediately to succeed, and to be expected in the future age.
fall ... lying <08213> [thou shalt.]
chirp <06850> [whisper. Heb. peep, or chirp.]
horde .......... horde <01995> [the multitude.]
chaff <04671> [as chaff.]
flash <06621> [at an.]
horde <01995> [the multitude.]
besiege <06693> [that distress.]
dream <02472> [as a dream.]
hungry .... that ....................... that <07457 0834> [as when.]
eating ....................... drinking ........... weak <0398 08354 05889> [behold.]
amazed <08539> [and wonder.]
totally blind <08173> [cry ye out, and cry. or, take your pleasure and riot.]
drunk <07937> [they are.]
<03068> [the Lord.]
shut <06105> [hath closed.]
heads <07218> [rulers. Heb. heads.]
seers <02374> [the seers.]
scroll .......... read <05612> [book. or, letter. that is sealed.]
can't <03201> [I cannot.]
can't .......... can't <03045> [I am not.]
<03282> [Forasmuch.]
<03374> [their fear.]
again <03254> [I will.]
again <03254> [proceed. Heb. add. for the wisdom.]
<06009> [seek.]
work <04639> [and their works.]
sees <07200> [Who seeth.]
thinking is perverse <02017> [your turning.]
potter ......................... potter <03335> [as the potter's.]
pottery <03336> [or shall.]
very <04213> [yet a very.]
Lebanon <03844> [Lebanon.]
orchard .... orchard <03759> [the fruitful.]
deaf <02795> [the deaf.]
downtrodden <06035> [meek.]
again <03254> [increase. Heb. add. the poor.]
delight <01523> [rejoice.]
tyrants <06184> [the terrible.]
those who taunt <03887> [the scorner.]
love to do <08245> [and all.]
those <0120> [make.]
arbitrates <06983> [and lay.]
deprive <05186> [and turn.]
delivered <06299> [who redeemed.]
Jacob Jacob ..... be ashamed <03290 0954> [Jacob shall.]
produce <04639> [the work.]
them they ... honor .... They ... honor <06942> [sanctify.]
respect ... God <0430 06206> [fear the God.]
stray <08582> [also.]
gain understanding <0998 03045> [come to understanding. Heb. know understanding.]
rebellious <05637> [A.M. cir. 3291. B.C. cir. 713. the rebellious.]
make <06213> [that take.]
form <05258> [cover.]
compound <05595> [add.]
travel <01980> [walk.]
will <07592> [and have.]
protective shade <06738> [the shadow.]
protection <04581> [the strength.]
humiliation <03639> [your confusion.]
officials <08269> [his princes.]
Zoan <06814> [Zoan.]
Hanes <02609> [Hanes.]
[Tahpanhes.]
[Tehaphnehes.]
message <04853> [burden.]
animals <0929> [beasts.]
land <0776> [into the land.]
Or, as Bp. Lowth renders, "through a land of distress and difficulty:" the same deserts are here spoken of which the Israelites passed through.
snakes <0660> [the viper.]
wealth <02428> [riches.]
Egypt <04714> [the Egyptians.]
this <02063> [concerning this. or, to her. Their.]
write ... down <03789> [write.]
preserved ..... time <0314 03117> [the time to come. Heb. the latter day.]
rebellious <04805> [this is.]
lying <03586> [lying.]
unwilling ... obey <014 08085> [will not.]
say <0559> [say.]
Tell <01696> [speak.]
aside <05493> [you out.]
Holy One <06918> [cause.]
rejected <03988> [Because.]
trust <0982> [and trust.]
ability to oppress <06233> [oppression. or, fraud.]
cracks <06556> [as a breach.]
crumbles <0935> [cometh.]
shatters <07665> [he shall break.]
clay jar <05035 03335> [potters' vessel. Heb. bottle of potters. he shall not.]
find <04672> [so that.]
Holy One <06918> [the Holy One.]
repented <07729> [in returning.]
unwilling <014> [and ye.]
flee ........ flee <05127> [for we will.]
flee ........ flee ............ pursuers <05127 07291> [therefore.]
thousand <0505> [thousand.]
isolated <03498> [till ye.]
flagpole <08650> [a beacon. or, a tree bereft of branches. or, boughs, or a mast.]
Lord ............. ready ......... Lord <03068 07311> [therefore.]
ready .......................... wait <02442> [wait.]
ready <07311> [will he be.]
Lord ..................... Lord <03068> [for the Lord.]
blessed <0835> [blessed.]
live <03427> [dwell.]
weep <01058> [thou shalt.]
indeed .... mercy ........ respond <02603 06030> [he will.]
eat <03899> [the bread.]
suffering <03906> [affliction. or, oppression. yet shall.]
<0241> [thine ears.]
heading to the right <0541> [when ye turn to the right.]
desecrate <02930> [defile.]
silver-plated idols <03701 06456> [thy graven images of silver. Heb. the graven images of thy silver.]
throw ... away <02219> [cast. Heb. scatter. as a.]
Get out <03318> [Get.]
water <05414> [shall he.]
abundance <01879> [it shall.]
cattle <04735> [thy cattle.]
oxen <0504> [oxen.]
plowing <0127 05647> [ear the ground.]
seasoned <02548> [clean. or, savory. Heb. leavened.]
high ..... high <01364 05375> [upon every high.]
high ..... high <01364 05375> [high. Heb. lifted up. in the day.]
fortified towers <04026> [when.]
light .... full moon ....... glare ..... glare ......... light <03842 0216> [the light of the moon.]
binds up <02280> [bindeth.]
raging <01197> [burning.]
awesome splendor <04858 03514> [the burden thereof. or, the grievousness of flame. heavy.]
Heb. heaviness.
battle cry <07307> [his breath.]
flooding <07857> [an overflowing.]
shakes <05130> [to sift.]
Bp. Lowth renders, "to toss the nations with the van of perdition;" that is, says {Kimchi,} nothing useful shall remain behind, but all shall come to nothing and perish. The van of the ancients was a large instrument, somewhat like a shovel, with a long handle, with which they tossed the corn mixed with the chaff and chopped straw into the air, that the wind might separate them.
bit <07448> [a bridle.]
leads ... to destruction <08582> [causing.]
sing <07892> [Ye shall.]
evening <03915> [in the night.]
flute <02485> [with a pipe.]
mountain <02022> [the mountain.]
Rock <06697> [mighty One. Heb. Rock.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
mighty shout <06963 01935> [his glorious voice. Heb. the glory of his voice.]
intervene <05183> [the lighting.]
flaming <03851> [the flame.]
shout <06963> [the voice.]
beat <05221> [which smote.]
Every <03605> [every place, etc. Heb. every passing of the rod founded. lay. Heb. cause to rest. it shall be.]
<08573> [shaking.]
[with it. or, against them.]
burial place <08613> [Tophet.]
prepared <06186> [ordained.]
already <0865> [of old. Heb. from yesterday.]
king <04428> [for the king.]
breath <05397> [the breath.]
down <03381> [to them.]
rely .... horses <05483 08172> [stay on horses.]
[the look.]
seek <01875> [neither.]
wise <02450> [he also.]
bring <0935> [will bring.]
<05493> [will not.]
<05493> [call back. Heb. remove. arise.]
helps <05833> [against the help.]
Egyptians <04714> [the Egyptians.]
horses <05483> [their horses.]
strike <05186> [stretch.]
helps ........ helped <05826> [both.]
lion <0738> [Like as.]
yelling <01995> [noise. or, multitude. so shall.]
birds <06833> [birds.]
protect ..... protect <01598> [defending.]
passes over <06452> [passing.]
Or rather, as Bp. Lowth renders, "leaping forward," {pasoach.} As the mother bird spreads her wings to cover her young, throws herself before them, and opposes the rapacious bird that assaults them; so shall Jehovah protect, as with a shield, Jerusalem from the enemy, protecting and delivering, springing forward and rescuing her.
Return <07725> [Turn.]
blatantly <06009> [deeply.]
time <03117> [in that.]
[his idols of gold. Heb. the idols of his gold. for a sin.]
Assyria <0804> [shall the.]
run away <05127> [he shall flee.]
sword ....... sword ............. from ... sword <06440 02719> [from the sword. or, for fear of the sword. discomfited. or, tributary. Heb. for melting, or tribute.]
surrender ... stronghold .... fear <05553 04032 05674> [he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear. Heb. his rock shall pass away for fear. or, his strength. the ensign.]
fire <0217> [whose fire.]
king <04428> [king.]
officials <08269> [princes.]
Each <0376> [a man.]
shelter <04224> [an hiding.]
streams <06388> [rivers.]
large <03515> [great. Heb. heavy. rock.]
mind <03824> [heart.]
acts rashly ............ with ease <04116> [rash. Heb. hasty. the tongue.]
clarity <06703> [plainly. or, elegantly.]
fool <05036> [vile.]
deceiver <03596> [nor.]
fool <05036> [the vile.]
mind <03820> [and his heart.]
gives .... nothing <07324> [empty.]
methods <03627> [instruments.]
<03289> [deviseth.]
lies <08267> [lying.]
needy ..... right <01696 04941 034> [the needy speaketh right. or, he speaketh against the poor in judgment.]
honorable .... honorable .... honorable <05081> [the liberal.]
character <06965> [stand. or, be established.]
women <0802> [ye women.]
pay attention <0238> [give ear.]
year's time <03117 08141> [Many days and years. Heb. Days above a year.]
grape harvest <01210> [for.]
Shake <07264> [be troubled.]
Strip <06584> [strip.]
<02290> [and gird.]
Mourn <05594> [lament.]
delightful fields <07704 02531> [pleasant fields. Heb. fields of desire.]
overgrown <05927> [come.]
houses <01004> [yea, upon. or, burning upon, etc.]
revelry <05947> [in the.]
fortress <0759> [the palaces.]
Hill ... watchtower <0975 06076> [forts and towers. or, clifts and watch-towers. for.]
life <07307> [the spirit.]
desert <04057> [wilderness.]
produce <04639> [the work.]
result <08252> [quietness.]
destroyed <01258> [it shall.]
forest <03293> [on the.]
city <08213 05892> [the city shall be low. or, the city shall be utterly abased.]
blessed <0835> [Blessed.]
ox <07794> [the ox.]
destroyer ............ destroyed ..................... destroying ..... destroyed <07703> [thee that.]
through <08552> [when thou shalt cease.]
merciful <02603> [be gracious.]
strength <02220> [be thou.]
Deliver <03444> [our salvation.]
plunder <07998> [your spoil.]
swarm over <04944> [the running.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
lives <07931> [he dwelleth.]
fills <04390> [he hath.]
wisdom <02451> [wisdom.]
abundantly <02633> [strength.]
safety <03444> [salvation. Heb. salvations. fear.]
ambassadors <0691> [valiant ones. or, messengers. the ambassadors.]
Highways <04546> [highways.]
broken <06565> [he hath broken.]
despised <03988> [he hath despised.]
treated <02803> [he regardeth.]
land <0776> [earth.]
Lebanon <03844> [Lebanon.]
decays <07060> [hewn down. or, withered away. Sharon.]
Bashan <01316> [Bashan.]
rise <06965> [Now will I rise.]
<07426> [now will I be exalted.]
magnify <05375> [will I lift.]
conceive <02029> [conceive.]
breath <07307> [your.]
burned <04955> [the burnings.]
thorn bushes <06975> [thorns.]
listen <08085> [Hear.]
close <07138> [ye that are near.]
Sinners <02400> [sinners.]
godless <02611> [the hypocrites.]
among us can coexist ... destructive .... among us can coexist <01481 0398> [Who among us shall dwell with the.]
unquenchable <05769> [everlasting.]
lives <01980> [that walketh.]
uprightly <06666> [righteously. Heb. in righteousnesses. uprightly. Heb. in uprightnesses. despiseth.]
oppressive <04642> [oppressions. or, deceits. shaketh.]
does not <0331> [stoppeth.]
violent crimes <01818> [blood. Heb. bloods. shutteth.]
live <07931> [shall dwell.]
secure place <04791> [high. Heb. heights, or high places. his place.]
food <03899> [bread.]
<05869> [eyes.]
wide <04801> [that is very far off. Heb. of far distances.]
mind <03820> [heart.]
scribe ............... counts <05608> [Where is the scribe.]
weighs <08254> [receiver. Heb. weigher.]
scribe ............... counts <05608> [where is he.]
[shall not.]
comprehend <06012> [deeper.]
derisive <03932> [stammering. or, ridiculous.]
Look at <02372> [Look.]
city <07151> [the city.]
You <05869> [thine eyes.]
stakes <03489> [not one.]
mighty ................. large <0117> [the glorious.]
it <04725> [a place.]
Rivers ... wide streams <05104 02975 07342> [broad rivers and streams. Heb. broad of spaces, or hands.]
Lord ... ruler ... Lord ..... Lord <08199 03068> [the Lord is our judge.]
commander <02710> [lawgiver. Heb. statute-maker.]
Lord ..... Lord ..... Lord ... king <03068 04428> [the Lord is our king.]
deliver <03467> [he will.]
ropes ... slack <02256 05203> [Thy tacklings are loosed. or, they have forsaken thy tacklings.]
loot <05706> [then.]
lame <06455> [the lame.]
resident ... Zion <07934> [the inhabitant.]
forgiven <05375> [shall be forgiven.]
near ....................... lives <07126 06631> [Come.]
This and the following chapter, as Bp. Lowth observes, form one distinct prophecy; an entire, regular, and beautiful poem, consisting of two parts; the first containing a denunciation of Divine vengeance against the enemies of the people or church of God; the second describing the flourishing state of that church consequent upon those judgments. The event foretold is represented as of the highest importance, and of universal concern; all nations are called upon to attend to the declaration of it; and the wrath of God is denounced against all the nations who had provoked to anger the Defender of the cause of Zion. By a figure frequently occurring in the prophetical writings, the cities and people mentioned here, who were remarkably distinguished as the enemies of the people of God, are put for those enemies in general.
earth <0776> [let the.]
everything <04393> [all that is therein. Heb. the fulness thereof.]
angry <07110> [the indignation.]
furious <02534> [and his.]
slain <02491> [slain.]
hills <02022> [and the mountains.]
stars .................. stars <06635> [all the.]
sword <02719> [my sword.]
Edom <0123> [upon Idumea.]
people <05971> [the people.]
dripping with <04390> [filled.]
[the fast.]
Lord's ................................. Lord ..... sacrifice <03068 02077> [the Lord hath.]
oxen <07214> [unicorns. or, rhinoceroses.]
bulls <06499> [the bullocks.]
drenched <07301> [soaked. or, drunken.]
burn <03518> [shall not.]
smoke <06227> [the smoke.]
Generation ... generation <01755> [from.]
destruction <06893> [cormorant. or, pelican.]
stretch out <05186> [stretch.]
call <07121> [call.]
disappear <0657> [nothing.]
thorns <05518> [thorns.]
<05116> [an habitation.]
ostriches <01323> [owls. or, ostriches. Heb. daughters of the owl.]
Wild animals <06728> [The wild beasts of the desert. Heb. Ziim.]
wild dogs <0338> [the wild beasts of the island. Heb. Ijim.]
nocturnal animals <03917> [screech owl. or, night-monster.]
Carefully <01875> [Seek.]
issued <06310> [my mouth.]
assigns <05307> [he hath cast.]
live <03423> [they shall.]
desert <04057> [wilderness.]
happy <07797> [be.]
wilderness <06160> [desert.]
rejoice <01523> [and rejoice.]
grandeur .............. grandeur <03519> [the glory.]
splendor ............... splendor <01926> [the excellency.]
see <07200> [they shall.]
panic <04116> [fearful. Heb. hasty.]
strong <02388> [Be strong.]
fear .... God ...... divine <03372 0430> [fear not.]
God ...... divine <0430> [behold.]
eyes <05869> [the eyes.]
ears <0241> [the ears.]
lame <06455> [shall the lame.]
tongue <03956> [the tongue.]
desert <04057> [for.]
dry soil <08273> [the parched.]
<05116> [in the.]
grass reeds <07070 02682> [grass with reeds. or, a court for reeds, etc.]
thoroughfare <04547> [an highway.]
Way ......... on ..... reserved <01870> [The way.]
unclean <02931> [the unclean.]
travel <01980> [but it shall be for those. or, for he shall be with them.]
travel <01980> [the wayfaring.]
lions <0738> [No lion.]
delivered from bondage <01350> [but.]
ransomed <06299> [the ransomed.]
enter <0935> [and come.]
grief <03015> [and sorrow.]
