Isaiah 13:1-22
message <04853> [A.M. 3292. B.C. 712. burden.]
Babylon <0894> [of Babylon.]
Isaiah <03470> [which Isaiah.]
<05375> [Lift ye up.]
bare <08192> [upon the high.]
wave <05130> [shake.]
enter ... gates <0935 06607> [go into.]
orders <06680> [commanded.]
warriors <01368> [mighty ones.]
boasting <05947> [them that.]
loud ............... commotion <06963> [noise.]
like <01823> [like as. Heb. the likeness of.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
distant <04801> [from a far.]
instruments <03627> [and the weapons.]
Wail ..... day <03213 03117> [Howl ye.]
day <03117> [for the day.]
destructive <07701> [as a.]
hands <03027> [shall all.]
limp <07503> [be faint. or, fall down. every.]
cramps <06735> [pangs.]
one another ... astonishment <0376 07453 08539> [be amazed one at another. Heb. wonder every man at his neighbour. flames. Heb. faces of the flames.]
cruelty <0394> [cruel.]
<08045> [he shall.]
punish <06485> [I will punish.]
pride <01347> [and I will cause.]
shake <07264> [I will.]
earth <0776> [the earth.]
fury <05678> [in the wrath.]
frightened <05080> [as the.]
each ...... each <0376> [they shall.]
children <05768> [children.]
wives <0802> [and their.]
stirring <05782> [I will.]
concerned about ...... interested <02803> [shall not regard.]
cut ..... ribbons <07376> [shall dash.]
look <05869> [their eye.]
Babylon <0894> [Babylon.]
Babylon, whose destruction and utter ruin are here predicted, was situated in the midst of a large plain, having a very deep and fruitful soil, on the Euphrates, about 252 miles south-east of Palmyra, and the same distance north-west of Susa and the Persian gulf, in lat. 32 degrees 30' N. and long. 44 degrees 20' E. According to Herodotus, it formed a perfect square, each side of which was 120 stadia, and consequently its circumference 480 stadia, or sixty miles; inclosed by a wall 200 cubits high, and fifty wide, on the top of which were small watch towers of one story high, leaving a space between them, through which a chariot and four might pass and turn. On each side were twenty-five gates of solid brass; from each of which proceeded a street, 150 feet broad, making in all fifty streets; which, crossing each other at right angles, intersected the city into 676 squares, extending four stadia and a half on each side, along which stood the houses, all built three or four stories high, and highly decorated towards the street; the interior of these squares being employed as gardens, pleasure grounds, etc. Its principal ornaments were the temple of Belus, having a tower of eight stories, upon a base of a quarter of a mile square; a most magnificent palace; and the famous hanging gardens, or artificial mountains raised upon arches, and planted with large and beautiful trees. Cyrus took it by diverting the waters of the Euphrates, which ran through the midst, and entering by the channel; and the river being never restored to its proper course, overflowed the whole country, and made it a morass. Darius Hystaspes afterwards depopulated the place, lowered the walls, and demolished the gates; Xerxes destroyed the temples; the building of Seleucia nearly exhausted it of its inhabitants; a king of the Parthians carried a number of them into slavery, and destroyed the most beautiful parts; so that modern travellers describe it as a mass of shapeless ruins, the habitation of wild beasts.
God <0430> [when God overthrow. Heb. the overthrowing of.]
Wild animals <06728> [But.]
Wild animals <06728> [wild beasts. Heb. Ziim. doleful creatures. Heb. Ochim. owls. or, ostriches. Heb. daughters of the owl.]
Wild dogs <0338> [the wild beasts. Heb. Iim. desolate houses. or, palaces. dragons.]
time <06256> [her time.]
Isaiah 21:1-17
message <04853> [The burden.]
The first ten verses of this chapter contain a prediction of the taking of Babylon by the Medes and Persians; which is here denominated "the desert of the sea," because the country around it, and especially towards the sea, was a great morass, often overflowed by the Tigris and Euphrates, and only rendered habitable by being drained by a number of canals.
Desert ................ desert <04057> [the desert.]
strong winds <05492> [As whirlwinds.]
Desert ................ desert ....... feared <04057 03372> [from.]
distressing <07186> [grievous. Heb. hard.]
deceiver deceives <0898> [the treacherous.]
Attack <05927> [Go up.]
groaning <0585> [all the.]
stomach <04975> [are.]
cramps overwhelm ..... contractions <06735 0270> [pangs have.]
disturbed <05753> [I was bowed.]
My heart <08582 03824> [heart panted. or, mind wandered. the night.]
brought <07760> [turned. Heb. put.]
eat <0398> [eat.]
Get up <06965> [arise.]
<03212> [Go.]
sees <07200> [And he saw.]
must <07181> [he hearkened.]
guard cries out <0738 07121> [cried, A lion. or, cried as a lion.]
stand <05975> [I stand.]
night <03915> [whole nights. or, every night.]
coming <0935> [behold.]
Babylon <0894> [Babylon.]
idols <06456> [all.]
downtrodden <04098> [my threshing.]
people <01121> [corn. Heb. son. that which.]
Dumah <01746> [Dumah.]
Dumah is probably the same as Dumatha, a city of Arabia, mentioned by Stephanus, and the modern Dumah and Dumathalgandel, on the borders of Arabia and Syria, in a rocky valley. The Edomites, says Bp. Lowth, as well as Jews, were subdued by the Babylonians. They enquire of the prophet how long their subjection is to last; he intimates that the Jews should be delivered from their captivity; not so the Edomites. "The morning cometh, and also the night."
Seir <08165> [me out.]
night ........ night <03915> [what.]
Morning <01242> [The morning.]
ask ask <01158> [if.]
Arabia ...... Arabia <06152> [Arabia.]
caravans <0736> [O ye.]
Tema <08485> [Tema.]
Bring out <0857> [brought. or, bring ye.]
[from the swords. or, for fear of the swords. Heb. from the face of.]
year <08141> [according.]
Kedar <06938> [Kedar.]
archers <07198> [archers. Heb. bows. the mighty.]
Lord <03068> [for.]
Isaiah 23:1-18
message <04853> [A.M. 3289. B.C. 715. burden.]
Tyre, whose destruction by Nebuchadnezzar is here foretold, was a city of Phoenicia, on the shore of the Mediterranean, twenty-four miles south of Sidon, and thirty-two north of Accho or Ptolemais, according to the Antonine and Jerusalem Itineraries, about lat. 33 degrees 18' N. long. 35 degrees 10' E. There were two cities of this name; one on the continent called Pal‘ Tyrus, or Old Tyre, according to Strabo, thirty stadia south of the other, which was situated on an island, not above 700 paces from the main land, says Pliny. Old Tyre was taken by Nebuchadnezzar, after a siege of thirteen years, B.C. 573, which he so utterly destroyed, that it never afterwards rose higher than a village. But previous to this, the inhabitants had removed their effects to the island which afterwards became so famous by the name of Tyre, though now consisting only of about 800 dwellings.
Wail <03213> [Howl.]
ships <0591> [ye ships.]
devastated <07703> [for it is.]
land <0776> [the land.]
Lament <01826> [still. Heb. silent.]
coast <0339> [the isle.]
merchants <05503> [the merchants.]
Shihor <07883> [Sihor.]
crops <07105> [the harvest.]
trade center <05505> [she is.]
labor <02342> [I travail.]
news ........... happened <08088> [at the.]
shaken <02342> [so shall.]
Travel <05674> [Pass.]
Wail <03213> [howl.]
boisterous <05947> [your.]
origins <06927> [whose.]
feet <07272> [her own.]
distant land <07350> [afar off. Heb. from afar off.]
planned <03289> [Who hath.]
royal .... merchants <05849> [the crowning.]
traders <05503> [merchants.]
<03068> [Lord.]
it ... dishonor <02490> [to stain. Heb. to pollute.]
humiliate <07043> [bring.]
Daughter <01323> [O daughter.]
marketplace <04206> [no more.]
marketplace <04206> [strength. Heb. girdle.]
stretched out <05186> [stretched.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
destroy Canaan's <03667 08045> [against the merchant city. or, concerning a merchantman.]
[the merchant city. Heb. Canaan.]
fortresses <04581> [strong holds. or, strengths.]
<03254> [Thou shalt.]
oppressed <06231> [thou oppressed.]
daughter <01323> [daughter.]
"The Sidonians," says Justin, "when their city was taken by the king of Ascalon, betook themselves to their ships; and landed and built Tyre;" Sidon was therefore the mother city.
travel <05674> [pass.]
relief <05117> [there also.]
land <0776> [land.]
Assyrians <0804> [the Assyrian.]
wild animals <06728> [for them.]
turned <07760> [and he.]
Tyre .... forgotten .................. Tyre <06865 07911> [Tyre shall.]
Tyre ..................... Tyre .......... prostitute ..... song <06865 07892 02181> [shall Tyre sing as an harlot. Heb. it shall be unto Tyre as the song of an harlot.]
revive <06485> [visit.]
again <07725> [and she shall.]
<02181> [shall commit.]
profits ..................... profits <05504> [her merchandise.]
stored up <0686> [it shall.]
live <03427> [for them.]
beautiful <06266> [durable. Heb. old.]
Jeremiah 10:25
Vent <08210> [Pour.]
acknowledge <03045> [that know.]
worship <07121> [call.]
destroyed ......... destroyed <0398> [eaten.]
Jeremiah 25:29
bring <02490> [I begin.]
call ... own .................. proclaiming <07121 08034> [which is called by my name. Heb. upon which my name is called.]
avoid ... punished ...... unpunished <05352> [Ye shall.]
call .................... proclaiming <07121> [I will.]
Jeremiah 46:1--51:64
spoke <01697> [The word.]
This is a general title to the prophecies contained in this and the following chapters, concerning different nations which had less or more connexion with the Jews, either as enemies, neighbours, or allies. They were not delivered at the same time: to some the date is annexed; in others it is left uncertain.
nations <01471> [against.]
Egypt .......... Egypt <04714> [Against Egypt.]
Pharaoh Necho <06549> [Pharaoh-necho.]
[Pharaoh-nechoh.]
[Necho.]
Carchemish <03751> [Carchemish.]
fourth <07243> [in the.]
This is a poetical and ironical call to the Egyptians to muster their forces; and implies that all their courage and efforts would be vain.
Sharpen <04838> [furbish.]
armor <05630> [brigandines.]
soldiers <01368> [and their.]
defeated <03807> [beaten down. Heb. broken in pieces. fled apace. Heb. fled a flight.]
terror <04032> [fear.]
swiftest <07031> [not.]
stumble <03782> [stumble.]
north <06828> [toward.]
rises <05927> [Who.]
Nile <02975> [as a flood.]
rises ................ arise <05927> [riseth.]
rises ................ arise <05927> [I will go.]
Drive furiously <01984> [rage.]
Ethiopia <03568> [Ethiopians. Heb. Cush and Put.]
[Phut.]
[Phut.]
[Lubim.]
Lydia <03866> [Lydians.]
[Ludim.]
[Lud.]
day .............. day <03117> [the day.]
sword <02719> [the sword.]
north <06828> [the north.]
Gilead <01568> [Gilead.]
dear poor people <01330> [O virgin.]
useless <07723> [in vain.]
healing <08585> [thou shalt not be cured. Heb. no cure shall be unto thee.]
hear <08085> [heard.]
cries of distress <06682> [thy cry.]
trip over <03782> [stumbled.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [Cir A.M. 3398. B.C. 606. Nebuchadrezzar.]
Migdol <04024> [Migdol.]
Take your positions <03320> [Stand.]
enemy army <02719> [the sword.]
soldiers <047> [thy.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
many stumble <03782 07235> [made many to fall. Heb. multiplied the faller. one.]
say <0559> [they said.]
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh.]
swear <05002> [saith.]
Tabor <08396> [Tabor.]
Mount Carmel <03760> [Carmel.]
dear <01323> [thou.]
bags <06213 03627> [furnish thyself to go into captivity. Heb. make thee instruments of captivity.]
Memphis <05297> [Noph.]
Noph, or Moph, is the celebrated city of Memphis, as the Chaldee and LXX. render; long the residence of the ancient Egyptian kings, and situated fifteen miles above where the Delta begins, on the western side of the Nile. It was in the neighbourhood of Memphis that the famous pyramids were erected, whose grandeur and beauty still astonish the modern traveller: they are about twenty in number; the largest of which is 481 feet perpendicular height, and the area of its basis is on 480,249 square feet, or something more than eleven acres, being exactly the size of Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. The immense ruins between the northern and southern pyramids, and about fourteen miles from Cairo, still called Memf, Menf, or Menouf, seem to mark the site of this city.
waste <08047> [waste.]
beautiful <03304> [a very.]
attack <0935> [it cometh.]
mercenaries <07916> [her hired.]
pampered well-fed <04770> [like.]
pampered well-fed calves <05695 04770> [fatted bullocks. Heb. bullocks of the stall.]
stand <05975> [they did.]
time <03117> [the day.]
hissing <06963> [voice.]
come <0935> [and come.]
<03772> [cut.]
numerous <07231> [because.]
dear <01323> [daughter.]
put <05414> [she shall.]
Amon <0527> [multitude. or, nourisher. Heb. Amon. No.]
God ...................... gods <0430> [with their.]
kings <04428> [and their.]
trust <0982> [and all.]
hand <05414> [I will.]
later <0310> [and afterward.]
afraid <03372> [fear.]
rescue <03467> [I will save.]
terrified <02865 08252> [and be.]
destroy ............. destroy <06213> [for I am.]
destroy ............. destroy <06213> [make.]
destroy ............. destroy <06213> [but I will not.]
discipline <03256> [correct.]
unpunished <05352> [will I.]
unpunished <05352> [not leave thee wholly unpunished. or, not utterly cut thee off.]
Philistines <06430> [Cir. A.M. 3387. B.C. 617. against.]
Gaza <05804> [Gaza. Heb. Azzah.]
water <04325> [waters.]
north <06828> [out of.]
everything <04393> [all that is therein. Heb. the fulness thereof.]
People <0120> [then the.]
hear <06963> [the noise.]
Fathers <01> [the fathers.]
time <03117> [the day.]
Tyre <06865> [Tyrus.]
help <05826> [every.]
remnant <07611> [the remnant.]
island <0339> [country. Heb. isle.]
Crete <03731> [Caphtor.]
[Caphtorim.]
[Caphthorim.]
shave ... heads <07144> [Baldness.]
Gaza <05804> [Gaza.]
who remain <07611> [the remnant.]
gash <01413> [how.]
sword <02719> [thou sword.]
<03808> [how long.]
Go back .... sheath <0622 08593> [put up thyself. Heb. gather thyself. into.]
rest <08252> [can it. Heb. canst not. the Lord.]
seacoast <03220> [the sea.]
ordered <03259> [hath he.]
Moab <04124> [A.M. cir. 3420. B.C. cir. 584. Moab.]
Nebo <05015> [Nebo.]
<04869> [Misgab. or, The high place.]
praise <08416> [no more.]
Heshbon <02809> [Heshbon.]
<03212> [come.]
<01826> [thou shalt.]
<01826> [cut down. or, brought to silence.]
[Madmenah. pursue thee. Heb. go after thee.]
Cries <06963> [voice.]
Horonaim <02773> [Horonaim.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
This prophecy against Moab, as well as the following ones concerning Ammon, Edom, and the neighbouring countries, seem to have been fulfilled during the long siege of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar. Josephus places these events five years after the destruction of Jerusalem.
distress <06810> [her.]
Luhith <03872> [Luhith.]
Luhith is placed by Eusebius between Areopolis, or Ar, and Zoar. (See ver. 34.) It was evidently situated upon a height; as was also Horonaim, which was probably not far from Luhith.
weeping <01065> [continual weeping. Heb. weeping with weeping.]
Run <05127> [Flee.]
be ..... shrub <01961 06176> [be like.]
shrub <06176> [the heath. or, a naked tree.]
trust <0982> [because.]
god Chemosh <03645> [Chemosh.]
priests <03548> [his priests.]
destroyer <07703> [the spoiler.]
town .... town <05892> [and no.]
gravestone <06731> [wings.]
cities <05892> [the cities.]
curse ............. curse <0779> [Cursed.]
lax <07423> [deceitfully. or, negligently.]
lived undisturbed <07599> [hath been.]
settle undisturbed <08252> [he hath.]
poured out <07324> [emptied.]
[thereof.]
<05975> [remained. Heb. stood.]
empty ... out .... empty the towns <06808> [wanderers.]
<07324> [empty.]
disappointed .......... disappointed <0954> [ashamed.]
<01004> [as the.]
say <0559> [How.]
mighty <01368> [We.]
destroyed <07703> [spoiled.]
finest <04005> [his chosen. Heb. the choice of his, etc.]
affirm <05002> [saith.]
<08034> [whose.]
<07138> [near.]
Mourn <05110> [bemoan.]
powerful <05797> [How.]
<01323> [daughter.]
Dibon <01769> [Dibon.]
sit on ....... live <03427> [and sit.]
destroy <07703> [the spoiler.]
live <03427> [inhabitant. Heb. inhabitress. Aroer.]
Question <07592> [ask.]
disgraced <03001> [confounded.]
Arnon <0769> [Arnon.]
plain <04334> [the plain.]
Jahzah <03096> [Jahazah.]
[Jahaza.]
[Jahaz.]
Dibon <01769> [Dibon.]
Beth Diblathaim <01015> [Beth-diblathaim.]
[Almon-diblathaim.]
[Diblath.]
Kiriathaim <07156> [Kiriathaim.]
[Shaveh Kiriathaim.]
[Kirjathaim. Beth-meon.]
[Baal-meon.]
[Beth-baal-meon.]
Kerioth <07152> [Kerioth.]
Bozrah <01224> [Bozrah.]
[Bezer.]
[Bezor.]
might <07161> [horn.]
power <02220> [and his.]
vaunted <07937> [ye him.]
wrath <01431> [for he.]
splashes <05606> [wallow.]
laughingstock <07814> [and he also.]
Israel <03478> [was not.]
<04672> [was he found.]
talked <05110> [skippedst. or, movedst thyself.]
Leave <05800> [leave.]
dove <03123> [like.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
arrogant <01363> [his loftiness.]
know <03045> [know.]
boastings ... prove <06213 0907> [his lies shall not so effect it. or, those on whom he stayeth (Heb. his bars) do not right.]
{Baddim,} as Lowth observes, sometimes means those who pretend to the art of divination. Though the soothsayers of Moab, upon whose skill she relies, promise him success, yet in the event it will appear there was no truth in what they said.
weep with sorrow <03213> [will I howl.]
Kir Heres <07025> [Kir-heres.]
[Kar-haraseth.]
[Kir-hareseth.]
grapevines <01612> [vine.]
[Shibmah.]
Jazer ....................... Jazer <03270> [Jazer.]
[Jaazer.]
destroyer <07703> [the spoiler.]
Joy <08057> [joy.]
wine <03196> [caused.]
Cries of anguish <02201> [the cry.]
Elealeh <0500> [Elealeh.]
Jahaz <03096> [Jahaz.]
[Jahazah. Zoar.]
Eglath Shelishiyah <05697 07992> [as an heifer of.]
As a young cow, when deprived of her first calf; which runs about from place to place, filling the air with loud and repeated lowings, expressive of the deepest distress.
Nimrim <05249> [Nimrim.]
[Nimrah.]
[Beth-nimrah.]
dried <04923> [desolate. Heb. desolations.]
offerings <05927> [him that offereth.]
heart ..................... heart <03820> [mine heart.]
Kir Heres <07025> [Kir-heres.]
wealth <03502> [the riches.]
heads <07218> [every head.]
cut off <01639> [clipped. Heb. diminished. cuttings.]
<04975> [upon the loins.]
housetops <01406> [upon.]
break <07665> [broken.]
shattered <02865> [How is it.]
turn away <06203> [back. Heb. neck. a derision.]
swoop down <01675> [he shall.]
outspread <06566> [spread.]
<07152> [Kerioth. or, The cities.]
<03820> [as the heart.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
Moab has long since ceased to be a nation; while the Jews, agreeably to the Divine promise, (ch. 46:28,) though successively subdued and oppressed by the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Syro-Macedonians, and Romans, (which have also all passed away, and are no more,) and dispersed over the face of the earth, subsist to this day as a distinct people from all the nations of the world!
nation <05971> [from.]
vaunted <01431> [magnified.]
<05127> [that fleeth.]
time <08141> [the year.]
fire <0784> [a fire.]
burn <0398> [devour.]
war-loving people <01121 07588> [tumultuous ones. Heb. children of noise.]
doomed <0188> [Woe.]
people <05971> [the people.]
captive ......... exile <07628 07633> [captives. Heb. in captivity.]
reverse <07725> [Yet will I bring.]
Many of the Moabites were afterwards restored to their country by Cyrus, as we learn from Josephus; but they never were restored to their national consequence; and perhaps their restoration in the latter days refers to the conversion of their scattered remnants to the gospel.
to come <0319> [in the latter.]
Ammonites ......... people of the nation <01121> [A.M. 3421. B.C. 583. Concerning. or, Against.]
Ammonites ......... people of the nation <01121> [Ammonites.]
<04428> [their king. or, Melcom.]
cities <05892> [cities.]
sound <08643> [that I will.]
Rabbah <07237> [Rabbah.]
[Rabbath.]
villages <01323> [her daughters.]
Israel <03478> [shall Israel.]
Wail <03213> [Howl.]
Put on <02296> [gird.]
Run about <07751> [run.]
god Milcom <04428> [their king. or, Melcom.]
[Milcom.]
[Malcham.]
<03212> [shall go.]
brag about <01984> [gloriest.]
great power ... power ... ebbing away <02100 06010> [thy flowing valley. or, they valley floweth away. O backsliding.]
trust <0982> [trusted.]
attack <0935> [Who.]
bring <0935> [I will.]
scattered <05080> [ye shall.]
gather <06908> [none.]
Edom <0123> [Edom.]
wisdom ...................... wisdom <02451> [Is wisdom.]
Teman <08487> [Teman.]
flee <05127> [Flee.]
Turn <06437> [turn back. or, they are turned back. dwell.]
Dedan <01719> [Dedan.]
bring .......... decided <0935> [for.]
grape pickers <01219> [grape-gatherers.]
needed <01767> [till they have enough. Heb. their sufficiency.]
Esau's <06215> [I have made.]
hiding places <04565> [his secret.]
children <02233> [his seed.]
[he is not.]
orphans <03490> [thy fatherless.]
widows <0490> [let thy.]
deserve <04941> [they whose.]
solemnly swear <07650> [I have.]
Bozrah <01224> [Bozrah.]
object of horror <08047> [a desolation.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
messenger <06735> [an ambassador.]
Gather <06908> [Gather.]
terror <08606> [terribleness.]
home <07931> [dwellest.]
nest <07064> [though.]
Edom <0123> [Edom.]
pass by <05674> [every.]
hiss out their scorn <08319> [shall hiss.]
destroyed <04114> [in the.]
<0376> [no man.]
coming up <05927> [he shall come.]
thick undergrowth <01347> [the swelling.]
call ... to account <03259> [who is like.]
call ... to account <03259> [appoint me the time. or, convent me in judgment.]
ruler <07462> [that shepherd.]
what <06098> [the counsel.]
Teman <08487> [Teman.]
little ones ........... land <06810 05116> [Surely.]
The prophet having given the name of the shepherd to the generals of the army, pursues the same metaphor, calling the common soldiers, "the least of the flock;" who shall have strength and courage enough to the defeat the Idumean forces.
land <05116> [make.]
earth <0776> [earth.]
[Red sea. Heb. Weedy sea.]
soar up <05927> [he shall.]
Bozrah <01224> [Bozrah.]
soldiers ....... fearful <03820 01368> [the heart of the.]
Damascus <01834> [Damascus.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
melt away <04127> [faint-hearted. Heb. melted.]
worry <01674> [sorrow.]
<03220> [on the sea. or, as on the sea.]
anguish <06869> [anguish.]
set <03341> [I will.]
Ben Hadad <01130> [Ben-hadad.]
Kedar ................... Kedar <06938> [Kedar.]
Hazor <02674> [Hazor.]
go <06965> [Arise.]
Lay waste <07703> [spoil.]
tents <0168> [tents.]
curtains <03407> [curtains.]
camels <01581> [camels.]
Terror <04032> [Fear.]
quickly <05110 03966> [get you far off. Heb. flit greatly. dwell.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [for.]
Babylon <07961> [wealthy nations. or, nation that is at ease.]
lives in <03427> [that.]
live <07931> [which dwell.]
camels <01581> [their camels.]
scatter <02219> [I will scatter.]
short .... temples <06285 07112> [in the utmost corners. Heb. cut off into corners, or, that have the corners of their hair polled.]
Hazor <02674> [Hazor.]
Hazor as well as Kedar, with which it is joined, (ver. 28,) was no doubt situated in Arabia, and a place of considerable importance; but it is now no more, and its very name seems to have perished.
place where only ... live <04583> [a dwelling.]
Elam <05867> [Cir. A.M. 3406. B.C. 598. Elam.]
Elam, the Elyma‹s of the Greeks and Romans, was properly a province of the Persian empire, between Media and Susiana; but sometimes the name Elam is used in a larger sense, including Susiana and other provinces, (see Da 8:2,) all of which were subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, and afterwards restored and raised to dignity by Cyrus.
kill <07665> [break.]
archers <07198> [the bow.]
Strabo says that the mountainous part of Elyma‹s chiefly bred archers; and Livy speaks of {Elym‘i sagittarii,} "the Elymean archers."
winds ...... four .............. four winds <0702 07307> [the four winds.]
scatter <02219> [scatter.]
refugees <05080> [the outcasts.]
terrified <02865> [to be.]
enemies <0341> [their enemies.]
send <02719 07971> [I will send the sword.]
to come <0319> [in the.]
reverse <07725> [I will.]
Babylon <0894> [A.M. 3409. B.C. 595. against Babylon.]
land <0776> [the land.]
Jeremiah <03414> [Jeremiah. Heb. the hand of Jeremiah]
Announce <05046> [Declare.]
it <05375> [set up. Heb. lift up.]
Babylon <0894> [Babylon.]
Bel <01078> [Bel.]
Marduk <04781> [Merodach.]
idols <06091> [her idols.]
Xerxes, after his return from his unsuccessful expedition into Greece, partly out of religious zeal, being a professed enemy to image worship, and partly to reimburse himself after his immense expenses, seized the sacred treasures, and plundered or destroyed the temples and idols of Babylon, thereby accomplishing the prophecies of Isaiah and Jeremiah. (Isa 21:9; 46:1. Jer 50:2; 51:44, 47, 52.) What God declares, "I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth that which he has swallowed," was also literally fulfilled, when the vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from Jerusalem and placed in the temple of Bel, Da 1:2, were restored by order of Cyrus, Ezr 1:7, and again carried to Jerusalem. Bp. Newton, Dis. X.
north <06828> [out of the.]
The Medes, who formed the greatest part of the army of Cyrus. Media lay N.E. of Babylon.
lay <07896> [which.]
People <0120> [both.]
When <03117> [those.]
people of Israel <01121 03478> [the children of Israel.]
come back ..... repentance <01980> [going.]
seek <01245 03068> [seek the.]
ask <07592> [ask.]
come <0935> [Come.]
lasting <05769> [in a.]
forgotten <07911> [that shall.]
people <05971> [people.]
shepherds <07462> [their shepherds.]
mountains ....... mountain <02022> [on the.]
forgotten <07911> [have forgotten.]
resting place <07258> [resting place. Heb. place to lie down in.]
devoured <0398> [have devoured.]
liable <0816> [We offend.]
pasture <05116> [the habitation.]
trusted <04723> [the hope.]
of <08432> [out of the midst.]
male goats <06260> [he goats.]
rouse <05782> [I will raise.]
host <06951> [an assembly.]
The army of Cyrus was composed of Medes, Persians, Armenians, Caducians, Sac‘, etc.; all of which, arranged under the Medes, came from the north.
lines <06186> [they shall.]
who <07919> [expert man. or, destroyer. none.]
Babylonia <03778> [Chaldea.]
plundered <07997> [all that.]
happy <08055> [ye were.]
plundered <08154> [ye destroyers.]
frolic <06335> [ye are.]
frolic <06335> [fat. Heb. big. or, corpulent.]
neighs .... stallion <047 06670> [bellow as bulls. or, neigh as steeds.]
Babylonia <0517> [mother.]
<0319> [the hindermost.]
barren <04057> [a wilderness.]
vent my wrath <07110> [Because.]
pass by <05674> [every.]
positions <06186> [in array.]
soldiers <01869> [bend.]
sinned <02398> [for she.]
Shout <07321> [Shout.]
will ............................... Do ....... done <05414 06213> [she hath.]
towers <0803> [her foundations.]
revenge <05360> [for it.]
Do ....... done <06213> [as she.]
sow <02232> [the sower.]
sickle <04038> [sickle. or, scythe. they shall turn every one.]
scattered <06340> [a scattered.]
lions <0738> [the lions.]
First <07223> [first.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [this.]
punish ............ punished <06485> [as I.]
But .... restore <07725> [bring.]
graze <07462> [he shall.]
<05315> [his soul.]
hills <02022> [mount.]
Gilead <01568> [Gilead.]
When <03117> [In those.]
guilt <05771> [the iniquity.]
sin <02403> [and there.]
forgive <05545> [I will pardon.]
<05927> [up.]
Merathaim <04850> [Merathaim. or, the rebels. Pekod. or, visitation.]
Do <06213> [and do.]
set a trap <03369> [snare.]
knew <03045> [and thou wast.]
fought <01624> [because.]
opened <06605> [opened.]
work <04399> [this.]
far away <07093> [against.]
far away <07093> [the utmost. Heb. the end. open.]
Pile ... up <05549> [cast her up. or, tread her.]
Destroy <02763> [destroy.]
soldiers <06499> [bullocks.]
day <03117> [their day.]
Listen <06963> [voice.]
declare <05046> [to declare.]
revenge ... revenge ......... temple <05360 01964> [vengeance of his.]
archers <07228> [the archers.]
Pay <07999> [recompense.]
proudly <02102> [for she hath.]
young men <0970> [Therefore.]
Gobrias and Gadates, when they entered Babylon, marched directly to the palace, killing all they met.
young men <0970> [her young.]
<0582> [all her.]
proud <02087> [I am.]
proud <02087> [O thou.]
proud <02087> [most proud. Heb. pride. for.]
proud <02087> [the most proud. Heb. pride.]
get up <06965> [none.]
set <03341> [kindle.]
captive <07617> [and all.]
refuse <03985> [they refused.]
one who will rescue <01350> [Redeemer.]
strongly champion <07378> [plead.]
rest <07280> [that he.]
Destructive <02719> [sword.]
leaders <08269> [upon her princes.]
wisdom <02450> [her wise men.]
false prophets <0907> [upon the liars. or, upon the chief stays. Heb. bars.]
fools <02973> [dote.]
soldiers <01368> [her mighty.]
horses <05483> [their horses.]
<06153> [all the.]
women <0802> [as women.]
treasures <0214> [her treasures.]
drought <02721> [A drought.]
land <0776> [the land.]
<01984> [mad.]
armed with <02388> [hold.]
cruel <0394> [they are cruel.]
sound <06963> [their voice.]
ride forth <07392> [shall ride.]
king <04428> [king.]
agony <02427> [pangs.]
lion <0738> [like a lion.]
<0977> [who is a.]
call ... to account <03259> [for who.]
call ... to account <03259> [appoint me the time. or, convent me to plead. who is that.]
listen <08085> [hear.]
little ones <06810> [the least.]
land <05116> [surely he.]
We have already adverted to the completion of the prophecies respecting the final destruction of Babylon, (on Isa 13:18,) and shall only add a few more observations, in order to shew more clearly the full accomplishment of some of these predictions. Strabo says that in his time (about the Christian era) a great part of it was a desert. Jerome says that in his time (cir. A.D. 340) it was quite in ruins, the walls merely serving for an inclosure for wild beasts, for the hunting of the kings of Parthia: and modern travellers universally concur in describing it in a state of utter desolation, and the habitation of wild beasts and noxious reptiles.
blow <05782> [I will.]
<03820> [midst. Heb. heart. rise.]
destructive wind <07307 07843> [a destroying wind.]
people <02114> [fanners.]
time <03117> [in the day.]
string <01869> [let the.]
coats of armor <05630> [brigandine.]
spare <02550> [spare.]
destroy <02763> [destroy.]
wounded <01856> [thrust.]
Israel ............................... Israel <03478> [Israel.]
Judah <03063> [nor.]
land <0776> [though.]
Get out <05127> [Flee.]
killed <01826> [be not.]
time <06256> [for this.]
pay ... back <07999> [he will render.]
gold <02091> [a golden.]
nations ........... they <01471> [the nations.]
gone mad <01984> [are mad.]
suddenly <06597> [suddenly.]
Cry out in mourning <03213> [howl.]
Get medicine <06875 03947> [take balm.]
but ........ leave <05800> [forsake.]
judgment .................... stacked <04941> [her judgment.]
exiles from <03318> [brought.]
proclaim <05608> [let us.]
Sharpen <01305> [Make.]
Sharpen <01305> [bright. Heb. pure. the Lord hath.]
spirit <07307> [the spirit.]
Of Cyaxares king of Media, called "Darius the Mede" in scripture; and of Cyrus his nephew, king of persia, presumptive heir of the throne of his uncle.
intends <04209> [his device.]
revenge ....... revenge <05360> [the vengeance.]
signal ... attack <05251> [the standard.]
ambush <0693> [ambushes. Heb. liers in wait.]
Lord ....... planned <03068 02161> [the Lord hath both.]
live <07931> [dwellest.]
Babylon <07227> [abundant.]
end <07093> [thine.]
<0520> [and the.]
sworn <07650> [sworn.]
sworn <05315> [himself. Heb. his soul. as with.]
swarm <06030> [lift up. Heb. utter.]
He ......... made <06213> [hath made.]
wisdom <02451> [by his wisdom.]
spread <05186> [and hath.]
thunders <05414> [he uttereth.]
roar <01995> [there is.]
roar <01995> [multitude. or, noise. and he causeth.]
unleashes <03318> [bringeth.]
idolaters .......... goldsmith <0120 06884> [Every.]
stupid and ignorant <01847 01197> [brutish by his knowledge. or, more brutish than to know. for his.]
worthless <01892> [vanity.]
time <06256> [in the.]
portion <02506> [portion.]
created <03335> [the former.]
people <07626> [the rod.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
war club <04661> [art.]
smash ....... destroy <05310 07843> [with thee. or, in thee, or, by thee. break.]
destructive <04889> [I am.]
destructive <04889> [O destroying.]
destroys <07843> [which destroyest.]
make <05414> [and will.]
use <03947> [shall not.]
desolate forever <05769 08077> [desolate for ever. Heb. everlasting desolations.]
Raise up <05375> [ye up.]
Prepare <06942> [prepare.]
Ararat <0780> [Ararat.]
Bochart reasonably concludes Ararat and Minni to be the greater and lesser Armenia; and Ashchenaz he thinks formed part of Phrygia near the Hellespont, part of that country being called Ascania by Homer. Cyrus had conquered Armenia, defeated Croesus king of Lydia, (B.C. 548,) and subdued several nations from the Egean sea to the Euphrates, before he marched against Babylon; and Xenophon also informs us that there were not only Armenians, but both Phrygians and Cappadocians in the army of Cyrus.
Ashkenaz <0813> [Ashchenaz.]
[Ashkenaz.]
horses <05483> [cause.]
After Cyrus had been the instrument in the hands of God of taking Babylon, he marched against Tomyris, queen of the Massaget‘, a Scythian nation, and was totally defeated, (B.C. 530.) The victorious queen, who had lost her son in a previous battle, was so incensed against Cyrus, that she cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, exclaiming, "Sattia te sanguine, quem sitisti."
kings <04428> [the kings.]
[Madia.]
earth ..................... land <0776> [the land.]
plans <04284> [every.]
soldiers <01368> [The mighty.]
Accordingly, the Babylonians, after the loss of a battle or two, never recovered their courage to the face the enemy in the field, they retired within their walls; and the first time that Cyrus came with his army before the place he could not provoke them to venture forth, though he challenged the king to fight a duel with him; and the last time he came he consulted with his officers respecting the best mode of carrying on the siege "since," said he, "they do not come out to fight."
gates <01280> [her bars.]
runner ... another .......... messenger <07323> [post.]
bringing news .... bring news <05046> [to shew.]
fords <04569> [the passages.]
<0582> [the men.]
threshing floor <01637> [is like.]
time ......... harvested <06256 01869> [it is time to thresh her. or, in the time that he thresheth her. the time.]
King <04428> [the king.]
drove .... out <03322> [he hath made.]
swallowed <01104> [swallowed.]
violence <02555> [The violence. Heb. My violence.]
relatives <07607> [flesh. or, remainder. inhabitant. Heb. inhabitress.]
stand up <07378> [I will plead. See on ch.]
pay .... back <05358> [take.]
dry up <02717> [and I will.]
heap <01530> [become.]
hissing <08322> [an hissing.]
roaring <07580> [roar.]
growling <05286> [yell. or, shake themselves.]
appetites <02527> [their heat.]
<03462> [and sleep.]
Babylon <08347> [Sheshach.]
Sheshach was probably an idol worshipped at Babylon, from which the city derived this name; and the festival which was held when the city was taken, when they were heated with wine, was perhaps observed in honour of it.
pride <08416> [the praise.]
object of horror <08047> [an astonishment.]
towns <05892> [cities.]
<0776> [a land.]
punish <06485> [I will punish.]
spit out <03318> [I will bring.]
nations <01471> [the nations.]
walls <02346> [the wall.]
out <03318> [go.]
save <04422> [deliver.]
courage <03824> [lest. or, let not.]
reports .......... report ... come ...... report <08052 0935> [a rumour shall.]
ruler .... ruler <04910> [ruler against.]
punish <06485> [I will.]
punish ... idols <06485 06456> [do judgment upon. Heb. visit upon.]
land <0776> [her whole.]
heaven <08064> [the heaven.]
destroyers <07703> [the spoilers.]
Babylon ........... just as ......... Babylon <01571 0894> [As Babylon, etc. or, Both Babylon is to fall, O ye slain of]
Israel and with Babylon shall fall the slain of all the country. hath.
<06405> [escaped.]
Remember <02142> [remember.]
Jerusalem <03389> [Jerusalem.]
ashamed <0954> [are confounded.]
disgrace <03639> [shame.]
foreigners <02114> [for strangers.]
punish <06485> [that I.]
idols <06456> [her graven images.]
This was verified when Xerxes destroyed all the temples of Babylon, B.C. 479.
mortally wounded <02491> [the wounded.]
climbs <05927> [mount.]
destroyers <07703> [from.]
put an end <06> [destroyed.]
waves <01530> [her waves.]
destroyer <07703> [the spoiler.]
warriors <01368> [her mighty.]
bows <07198> [every.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
drunk <07937> [I will.]
asleep forever <08142 03462 05769> [sleep a.]
King <04428> [the king.]
Babylon's thick wall <07342 02346 0894> [The broad walls of Babylon. or, The walls of broad Babylon.]
According to the testimony of Herodotus, the circumference of the walls of Babylon was 480 stadia, or 60 miles, their breadth 50 cubits, and their height 200 cubits; but when Darius became master of the place, B.C. 516, he took away all their 100 gates of brass, and beat down their walls to 50 cubits; and now not a vestige of these immense fortifications remains, to mark the site of this once mighty city!
completely demolished <06209> [broken. or, made naked. high gates.]
peoples <05971> [the people.]
Neriah <05374> [Neriah.]
Zedekiah <06667> [with. or, on the behalf of. quiet prince. or, prince of]
Menucha, or chief chamberlain.
make sure <07200> [and shalt see.]
read <07121> [read.]
destroy <03772> [to cut.]
[desolation. Heb. desolations.]
tie <07194> [thou shalt bind.]
This was the emblem of its overthrow and irretrievable ruin; and the same emblem is employed in Re 18:21, to denote the utter ruin of mystical Babylon.
Babylon <0894> [Thus shall.]
prophecies <03286> [they shall.]
<01697> [Thus far.]
