Jeremiah 26:1--52:34
[A.M. 3394. B.C. 610.]
stand <05975> [Stand.]
courtyard <02691> [court.]
This was the great outer court, where the people assembled for the purpose of religious worship on ordinary occasions, when they brought no sacrifices; but when they offered a sacrifice, they were to bring it into the inner court, or that of the priests.
word <01697> [all the words.]
single <01639> [diminish.]
attention <08085> [so.]
forgo <05162> [that I.]
[See on ch.]
obey <08085> [If.]
<05414> [which.]
servants <05650> [my.]
must .............. sent <07971> [whom. See on ch.]
do ............. make <05414> [will I. See on ch.]
curses <07045> [a curse.]
priests <03548> [the priests.]
prophesy <05012> [Why.]
people <05971> [And all.]
claim ................... temple <08034 01004> [in the.]
officials <08269> [the princes.]
entrance <06607> [in the entry. or, at the door. the new.]
said <0559> [saying.]
man ...... die <0376 04941 04194> [This man is worthy to die. Heb. The judgment of death is for this man. for he.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
correct <03190> [amend. See on ch.]
forgo <05162> [repent.]
power <03027> [As for.]
deem fair ... proper <02896 03477 05869> [as seemeth good and meet unto you. Heb. as it is good and right in your eyes.]
<05414> [ye shall.]
truth <0571> [for of. See on ver.]
Then <06965> [Then rose.]
Micah <04320> [Micah.]
Zion <06726> [Zion.]
Josephus relates that Titus, after he had taken Jerusalem, ordered his soldiers to demolish it, except three of the largest and most beautiful towers, and the western wall of the city; all the rest was levelled, so that they who had never before seen it, could scarcely persuade themselves it had been inhabited. The Jewish writers also inform us, that Turnus Rufus, whom Titus had left in command, ploughed up the very foundations of the temple. When Dr. Richardson visited this sacred spot in 1818, he found one part of Mount Zion supporting a crop of barley, and another undergoing the labour of the plough: the soil turned up consisted of stone and lime mixed with earth, such as is usually met with in foundations of ruined cities. It is nearly a mile in circumference; is highest on the west side, and, towards the east, falls down in broad terraces on the upper part of the mountain as it slopes down toward the brook Kidron.
[See on]
Jerusalem <03389> [Jerusalem. See on ch.]
mount <02022> [the mountain.]
reverence <03373> [did he.]
Lord ... seek ... Lord's ...... Lord <03068 02470> [besought the Lord. Heb. besought the face of the Lord. and the Lord. See on ver.]
we <0587> [Thus.]
Kiriath Jearim <07157> [Kirjath-jearim.]
king .............. king sought <04428 01245> [the king sought.]
fear <03372> [he was.]
<0582> [men.]
Achbor <05907> [Achbor.]
executed <05221> [who.]
thrown <07993> [and cast.]
common people <05971 01121> [common people. Heb. sons of the people.]
Ahikam <0296> [Ahikam.]
<05414> [that.]
early <07225> [A.M. 3409. B.C. 595. the beginning.]
Lord told <03068 0559> [saith the Lord. or, hath the Lord said.]
Make <06213> [Make.]
put <05414> [put.]
Edom <0123> [Edom.]
envoys <04397> [the messengers.]
masters ... message .... Tell ................ masters <0113 0559> [to say unto their masters, Thus. or, concerning their masters, saying, Thus. the Lord.]
made <06213> [made.]
give <05414> [and have.]
placed .... nations <05414 0776> [I given all.]
servant <05650> [my.]
placed ........................ animals <05414 02416> [and.]
nations ................. nation <01471> [all.]
time <06256> [until.]
many <07227> [many.]
nation ................................... nation <01471> [And it.]
There is a peculiar grandeur, as well as propriety, in this method of predicting Nebuchadnezzar's rapid successes. The God of Israel, declaring himself to be the Lord of armies, and the Creator and Owner of the whole earth, with all its inhabitants and productions, and claiming full sovereignty over his creatures, avows his determination, for reasons he does not deign to assign, to give all the countries of the world to the king of Babylon, whom he calls his servant, because he would accomplish an important part of his most righteous designs. They, therefore, who would escape the most dreadful judgments, must submit to the God of Israel, by submitting to Nebuchadnezzar; they must hearken to the prophets of Israel, and not to their own diviners; and they must observe, that Nebuchadnezzar, his son, and his grandson, would whatever opposition should be made, possess the full dominion of all these countries, till the appointed time was expired; and then, these haughty conquerors would in their turn become the prey of other powerful conquerors; all of which was most exactly fulfilled.
nation ................................... nation <01471> [that nation.]
war <02719> [with the sword.]
listen <08085> [hearken.]
dreams <02472> [dreamers. Heb. dreams.]
prophecies <05012> [they.]
far <07368> [to.]
drive ... out <05080> [I.]
[to bring.]
leave <03240> [those.]
Zedekiah <06667> [Zedekiah.]
Submit <0935> [Bring.]
die <04191> [Why.]
war <02719> [by the sword.]
listen <08085> [hearken.]
prophesying <05012> [they.]
lies <08267> [a lie. Heb. in a lie, or lyingly. that I.]
prophets .............. die <06 05030> [ye.]
articles <03627> [Behold.]
prophesying ........................ prophesying <05012> [for.]
subject <05647> [serve.]
city <05892> [wherefore.]
prophets <05030> [they.]
pray earnestly <06293> [let them.]
pillars <05982> [the pillars.]
carried <01540> [when.]
[Coniah.]
[Jehoiachin.]
carried off <0935> [carried.]
time <03117> [until.]
bring <05927> [then.]
year ....................... year <08141> [the same.]
Hananiah <02608> [Hananiah.]
prophet <05030> [the prophet.]
break <07665> [I.]
years ... over <08141 03117> [two full years. Heb. two years of days.]
everything <03627> [all the.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [that.]
back <07725> [I will bring.]
This was doubtless grateful news to the people, who looked upon Zedekiah only as Nebuchadnezzar's deputy. Hananiah seems to have been more desirous of popular than regal favour; for this prediction could not be altogether agreeable to Zedekiah. But he was evidently a weak as well as a wicked prince, and very generally despised.
Jeconiah <03204> [Jeconiah.]
[Coniah]
[Jehoiachin. captives. Heb. captivity.]
break <07665> [I will break.]
temple <01004> [the house.]
Amen <0543> [Amen.]
make <03068 06965> [the Lord perform.]
prophets <05030> [The prophets.]
As Hosea, Joel, Amos, Isaiah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and others, all of whom had denounced similar evils against a corrupt people. So that they who opposed Jeremiah also opposed those who preceded him; and it was altogether unprecedented for a true prophet to promise deliverance to a guilty nation, without calling them to repentance.
prophesied <05012> [prophesied.]
prophesied <05012> [which.]
<0227> [then.]
took <03947> [took.]
spoke ............ says <0559> [Thus.]
break <07665> [Even.]
broken <07665> [Thou hast.]
have <06213> [thou shalt.]
By encouraging an unavailing resistance to Nebuchadnezzar.
put ............................ given <05414> [I have put.]
serve .......... serve <05647> [that they.]
put ............................ given <05414> [and I.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
This was a bold speech, in the presence of those priests and people who were prejudiced in favour of the false prophets, who prophesied to them smooth things.
remove <07971> [I will.]
year <08141> [this year.]
counseled <01696> [because.]
rebellion <05627> [rebellion. Heb. revolt.]
Hananiah <02608> [Hananiah.]
seventh month <02320 07637> [the seventh month.]
The prophecy was delivered in the fifth month, (ver. 1,) and Hananiah died in the seventh month; exactly two months after he had delivered his false prophecy, which he declared, in the name of God, would be fulfilled in two years. Here then the true prophet was demonstrated, and the false prophet detected. The death of Hananiah, thus predicted, was God's seal to the words of His prophet, and must have gained his other predictions great credit among the people; though it is evident that it did not induce them to forsake their sins and return to the God of Israel.
<01697> [Cir. A.M. 3407. B.C. 597. Now.]
This transaction is supposed to have taken place in the first or second year of Zedekiah.
letter <05612> [of the letter.]
elders <02205> [the elders.]
Jeconiah <03204> [Jeconiah.]
[Coniah.]
[Jehoiachin. eunuchs. or, chamberlains.]
Shaphan <08227> [Shaphan.]
Gemariah <01587> [Gemariah.]
sent <01540> [whom.]
Marry ....... Find wives ......... get married so <03947 0802> [Take ye.]
Marry ....... Find wives ......... get married so <03947 0802> [take wives.]
<01875> [seek.]
Pray <06419> [pray.]
prophets <05030> [Let.]
dreams <02472> [your dreams.]
lies <08267> [falsely. Heb. in a lie.]
fulfill <06310> [after.]
consideration <06485> [I will.]
know <03045> [I know.]
planned ......... plans <04284> [thoughts.]
future .... hope <0319 08615> [expected end. Heb. end and expectation.]
seek ................ seek <01245 01875> [ye shall.]
heart <03824> [with.]
I ..... available <04672> [I will be.]
Then .... reverse ............................ back <07725> [and I will turn.]
bring <07971> [Behold.]
<08182> [them like.]
make <05414> [will deliver.]
cursed <0423> [to be a curse. Heb. for a curse.]
attention <08085> [hear.]
Dr. Blayney thinks there were two letters written by the prophet to the captives in Babylon, and the first ends with this verse. That having heard, on the return of the embassy, that the captives had received his advices favourably, and because they were deceived by false prophets, who promised them a speedier deliverance, he therefore wrote a second letter, beginning with the fifteenth verse, and going on with the twenty-first, etc. (in which order these verses are read in the Septuagint,) in which he denounces God's judgments on the three chief of those, Ahab, Zedekiah, and Shemaiah.
exiles <01473> [all ye.]
sent <07971> [whom.]
prophesying <05012> [which.]
<03947> [shall be.]
roasted <07033> [roasted.]
done ................. spoken <06213 01696> [and have.]
lies <08267> [lying.]
<03045> [even I.]
Shemaiah <08098> [Shemaiah.]
Nehelamite <05161> [Nehelamite. or, dreamer.]
sent <07971> [Because.]
Zephaniah <06846> [Zephaniah.]
in charge <06496> [officers.]
<0376> [for every.]
prophet <05012> [and maketh.]
made .................................. put <05414> [that thou.]
reprimanded <01605> [therefore.]
to be a prophet <05012> [which.]
Send ................................. send <07971> [Send.]
Shemaiah .... Shemaiah <08098> [Because.]
punish <06485> [punish.]
any <0376> [he shall.]
punish .................. experience <06485 07200> [behold.]
rebellion <05627> [rebellion. Heb. revolt.]
[Cir.A.M. 3417. B.C. 587.]
time <03117> [the days.]
back ...... gave <07725 05414> [that I.]
back <07725> [and I.]
cries <06963> [a voice.]
terror ..... peace <06343 07965> [of fear, and not of peace. or, there is fear, and not peace.]
man <02145> [a man. Heb. a male. every.]
pale <03420> [paleness.]
time <03117> [for.]
There has never <0369> [so.]
time <06256> [it is.]
rescued <03467> [but.]
<07665> [I.]
subjugate <05647> [serve.]
afraid <03372> [fear.]
rescue <03467> [I.]
enjoy peace <08252> [and shall.]
affirm <05002> [I am.]
<06213> [though.]
discipline <03256> [but I.]
plead <01777> [none.]
wounds <04205> [that, etc. Heb. for binding up, or pressing.]
healing <08585> [hast.]
allies <0157> [lovers.]
attacked <05221> [I.]
sin <02403> [because.]
complain <02199> [Why.]
[thy sorrows.]
great <07230> [for the.]
<05927> [For I.]
called <07121> [they.]
restore <07725> [Behold.]
city <05892> [the city.]
former ruins <08510> [heap. or, little hill. the palace.]
Out <03318> [out.]
increase their number <07235> [and I.]
increase their number ............ honor <07235 03513> [I will.]
descendants <01121> [children.]
punish <06485> [and I.]
leader <0117> [nobles.]
ruler <04910> [governor.]
invite <07126> [and I.]
dare <06148> [for.]
dare <06148> [engaged.]
storm .... raging storm <05591> [the whirlwind.]
rage down <01641> [continuing. Heb. cutting. fall. or, remain.]
anger <02740> [fierce.]
come <0319> [in.]
time <06256> [same.]
God <0430> [will.]
clans ... Israel <04940 03478> [of.]
people <05971> [The people.]
find <04672> [found.]
journey <01980> [when.]
far-off <07350> [of old. Heb. from afar. I have.]
everlasting <05769> [an.]
[with loving-kindness have I drawn. or, have I extended loving-kindness unto.]
rebuild .............. built up <01129> [build.]
dear children <01330> [O.]
rebuild .............. built up ...... take up <01129 05710> [again.]
tambourine <08596> [tabrets. or, timbrels.]
plant .......... plant ...... enjoy <05193> [yet.]
hills <02022> [mountains.]
enjoy <02490> [eat. Heb. profane.]
when <03117> [a day.]
mountains <02022> [upon.]
<06965> [Arise.]
Sing <07442> [Sing.]
Lord .......................... Lord <03068> [O.]
remain alive <07611> [remnant.]
bring <0935> [I.]
distant parts <03411> [the coasts.]
Blind <05787> [them the.]
come back <0935> [come.]
praying prayers <08469> [supplications. or, favours. I will.]
smooth <03477> [in a.]
father <01> [for I.]
Ephraim <0669> [Ephraim.]
Proclaim <05046> [declare.]
scattered <02219> [He.]
watch <08104> [and keep.]
rescue <06299> [redeemed.]
overpowered <02389> [stronger.]
come <0935> [Therefore.]
Mount <04791> [the height.]
radiant <05102> [and shall.]
grain <01715> [wheat.]
<05315> [and their.]
grow faint or weary <01669> [and they.]
young women <01330> [shall.]
turn <02015> [for.]
provide <07301> [satiate.]
people <05971> [my people.]
sound <06963> [A.]
Ramah <07414> [Ramah.]
[Rama.]
her <03985> [refused.]
[because.]
Stop <04513> [Refrain.]
heartfelt <06468> [for.]
return <07725> [they.]
heard <08085> [surely.]
Israel <0669> [Ephraim.]
disciplined <03256> [Thou hast.]
calf <05695> [as a.]
come back <07725> [turn.]
Lord <03068> [for.]
after ......... After <0310> [Surely after.]
beat <05606> [I smote.]
ashamed <0954> [I was ashamed.]
<05375> [I did.]
people of Israel <0669> [Is Ephraim.]
even though ................... pity ........ compassion <01767 07355> [for.]
deeply <04578> [my bowels.]
moved <01993> [are troubled. Heb. sound.]
pity ........ compassion <07355> [I will.]
keep in mind <05324> [Set thee.]
took .......... your minds <07896 03820> [set thine.]
Return ....... Return <07725> [turn.]
dear children <01330> [O.]
vacillate <02559> [How.]
unfaithful <07728> [backsliding.]
bring <01254> [created.]
woman <05347> [A woman.]
[nqbh tcwbb gbr <\\See definition 05347\\>,] literally "A female ('one who is only a woman, not a wife, namely a virgin,' says Cocceius) shall encompass a man," or a male child: comp. Job 3:3. Which, together with the addition of a new creation, may well be understood to denote the miraculous conception. Hence the Jews have applied it determinately to the Messiah. In Berashith Rabba, (Parash 89) it is said, that as God punished Israel in a virgin, so would he also heal; and in Midrash Tillim, on Ps. 2, R. Huna, in the name of R. Idi, speaking of the sufferings of the Messiah, says, that when his hour is come, God shall say, "I must create him with a new creation; and so he saith, This day I have begotten thee."
says ...................... say <0559> [As.]
Lord ................................... Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
dwells <05116> [O.]
mountain <02022> [and mountain.]
time <03117> [the days.]
<02232> [that I.]
saw ..................... see <08245> [that like.]
uprooted <05428> [to pluck.]
saw ..................... see <08245> [so.]
time <03117> [the days.]
make <03772> [I.]
people of <01004> [with.]
covenant .................. covenant <01285> [Not.]
when <03117> [in the.]
covenant .................. covenant <01285> [which.]
husband <01166> [although I was. or, should I have continued?]
covenant <01285> [But this shall be the.]
God <0430> [and will.]
teach <03925> [teach.]
know ................ know ..... Lord <03045 03068> [Know the.]
know ................ know <03045> [for they.]
forgive <05545> [for I.]
promises <05414> [which giveth.]
stirs <07280> [which divideth.]
waves <01530> [when.]
Lord ............................................................ Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
fixed ordering <02706> [those.]
cease <07673> [cease.]
heavens <08064> [If.]
reject <03988> [I.]
time <03117> [the days.]
city <05892> [that.]
Tower <04026> [the tower.]
Gate <08179> [the gate.]
valley <06010> [the whole.]
Valley <05158> [the brook.]
[Cedron.]
Valley ...... far north ................. Lord <05158 06438 03068> [unto.]
sacred <06944> [shall be.]
torn down <05428> [it shall.]
tenth <06224> [A.M. 3415. B.C. 589. in the.]
eighteenth <08083> [the eighteenth.]
king ..................... royal <04428> [then.]
The siege had commenced on the tenth month of the preceding year, and continued a year after, ending in the fifth month of the following year; consequently the siege must have lasted eighteen months and twenty-seven days. See 2 Ki 25:18.
Jeremiah <03414> [Jeremiah.]
king .............. courtyard ........ royal <02691 04428> [in the.]
Zedekiah <06667> [Zedekiah.]
prophesying <05012> [Wherefore.]
hand <05414> [Behold.]
dealt <06485> [until.]
fight <03898> [though.]
Hanamel <02601> [Behold.]
Anathoth <06068> [Anathoth.]
entitled <04941> [for.]
courtyard <02691> [court.]
Anathoth <06068> [Anathoth.]
recognized <03045> [Then I.]
said .............................................................. spoken <01697> [that this.]
That it was by His appointment that I was to make this purchase; the whole of which was designed as a symbolical act, to shew the people, that although Judah and Jerusalem should be desolated, and the inhabitants carried captive to Babylon, yet there should be a restoration, when lands and possessions should be again enjoyed by their legal owners, in the same manner as formerly. During the famine that prevailed in the city, Hanameel probably wanted money to purchase bread, and his field would not be thought of much value in such circumstances, which may account for the stipulated sum being so very small; for at 2s. 6d. the shekel, it would only amount to about 2Å“. 2s. 6d.
weighed out <08254> [weighed.]
seven ounces ... silver <08255 03701 07651> [seventeen shekels of silver. or, seven shekels, and ten pieces of silver.]
signed <03789> [I.]
signed ... deed <05612 03789> [subscribed the evidence. Heb. wrote in the book.]
sealed <02856> [and sealed.]
purchase <05749> [and took.]
order of transfer <04687> [according.]
Baruch <01263> [Baruch.]
Neriah <05374> [Neriah.]
presence <05869> [and in.]
Take <03947> [Take.]
Houses <01004> [Houses.]
prayed <06419> [I Prayed.]
Oh <0162> [Ah.]
make <06213> [thou.]
<01697> [there.]
[to hard for thee. or, hid from thee.]
show <06213> [shewest.]
punish <07999> [recompensest.]
great <01419> [the Great.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
great <01419> [Great.]
deeds <05950> [work. Heb. doing.]
see <05869> [for.]
reward <05414> [to give.]
did <07760> [hast set.]
<06213> [and hast.]
brought ..... out <03318> [brought.]
great <02389> [with a strong.]
oath <07650> [which.]
kept ... promise .............. land <0776> [a land.]
took possession <03423> [possessed.]
obey <08085> [but.]
do ........ do <06213> [they have.]
disaster <07451> [therefore.]
ramps <05550> [mounts. or, engines of shot.]
The mounts were huge terraces raised up to plant their engines on; and so formed as to be capable of being moved forwards towards the city. See Note on 2 Sa 20:15.
city .............. make ... city <05892 05414> [the city is.]
<06440> [because.]
threatened <01696> [what.]
said <0559> [thou.]
city ............................ silver <03701 05892> [for. or, though.]
God <0430> [God.]
<01697> [is.]
hand <05414> [Behold.]
set <03341> [and set.]
rooftops <01406> [upon.]
people <01121> [children.]
earliest history <05271> [from.]
city <05892> [this city.]
anger <0639> [a provocation of mine anger. Heb. for my anger. that I.]
do so .......... made .......... kings ................... have done <06213 04428> [they.]
turned <06437> [turned.]
turning <06203> [back. Heb. neck. rising.]
built <01129> [they built.]
Valley .......................... commanded <01516 06680> [which.]
Ben ......... sons ................................... Judah <01121 03063> [to cause.]
saying <0559> [now.]
make <05414> [It.]
regather <06908> [I will gather.]
"This promise," says Jerome, "taken in its full extent was not made good to those that returned from captivity; because they were frequently infested with wars, as well by the kings of Syria and Egypt as by the rest of their neighbours; and they were finally subdued and destroyed by the Romans." God's word cannot fail; therefore there remaineth yet a rest for the ancient people of God.
live <03427> [I will cause.]
give <05414> [I.]
single-minded ....... way <01870 0259> [one way.]
respect <03372> [they may.]
[for every. Heb. all days. for the.]
make <03772> [I will make.]
<07725> [that I.]
stop <0310> [from them. Heb. from after them. but I.]
delight <07797> [Yea, I.]
plant <05193> [and I.]
faithfully <0571> [assuredly. Heb. in truth, or stability.]
bring ............................. bringing <0935> [Like.]
bring ............................. bringing <0935> [so.]
bought <07069> [buy.]
territory <0776> [in the land.]
restore <07622> [for I.]
As an earnest of these promises, houses and lands shall again take a good price in Judah and Jerusalem; and though they now are almost valueless, there shall again be a sufficiency of purchasers. Trade shall revive, for they shall have money enough to buy land with; husbandry shall revive, for those that have money, shall covet to lay it out upon lands; laws shall again have their due course, for they shall subscribe evidences, and seal them.
spoke <01697> [A.M. 3416. B.C. 588. Moreover.]
This was the eleventh year of Zedekiah, Jeremiah being still shut up in prison; but he was now in the court of the prison, where the elders and the king's officers might consult him with the greater ease.
confined <06113> [he.]
do <06213> [the maker.]
Osah, rather, "the Doer of it:" that is, He who is to perform that which He is now about to promise; thus rendered by Dahler; {Voici ce qui dit l'Eternel, qui fait ce qu'il a dit.} "Thus saith the Eternal, who doeth that which he hath said."
Lord ....... Lord .............. Lord <03068> [the Lord. or, Jehovah.]
Call <07121> [Call.]
show <05046> [shew.]
mysterious <01219> [mighty. Heb. hidden.]
torn down <05422> [thrown.]
go out <0935> [come.]
turn my back on <05641> [I have hid.]
will <05927> [I will bring.]
heal the wounds <0724> [health.]
{Aruchah;} not a plaister, as some, or progress, as others; but health, or the healing or closing of a wound, as the cognate Arabic {areekat} signifies, from {araka,} to heal.
show <01540> [and will.]
<07622> [will cause.]
rebuild <01129> [and will.]
fame <08034> [a name.]
nations <01471> [before.]
awe <06342> [fear.]
say ....... saying <0559> [which ye.]
sounds ... joy ... gladness ..... celebrations <08342 06963> [voice of joy.]
sounds ..... gladness ..... celebrations ...................... say <06963 0559> [the voice of them.]
Give thanks .... Lord ........ Lord ............. Lord <03034 03068> [Praise the.]
thank offerings <08426> [sacrifice.]
restore <07725> [For I.]
people ... animals <0120 0929> [without.]
towns <05892> [in all.]
sheep <06629> [shall.]
descendant <06780> [the Branch.]
do <06213> [and he.]
Judah <03063> [shall Judah.]
live <07931> [shall dwell.]
<03072> [The Lord our righteousness. JEHOVAH-tsidkenu.]
David ... never lack <01732 03808 03772> [David shall never want. Heb. There shall not be cut off from]
David.
covenant <01285> [may.]
descendant <01121> [that he.]
From the destruction of Jerusalem to the present time, a period of nearly eighteen hundred years, the Jews have had neither a king nor any form of government whatever; nor has the office of high priest, or priest of any kind offering sacrifice, been exercised among them during the same period. Hence this must be understood of the spiritual David, Jesus Christ, both the king and High Priest of his church, "the Israel of God," (Ga 6:16,) in whom the covenant of royalty with David and his seed, and that of priesthood with Aaron and his seed, have received their full accomplishment; and all the sacrifices of that dispensation were superseded by his "one oblation of himself," the efficacy of which remains for ever.
Levites <03881> [and with.]
stars in the sky <06635> [the host.]
numerous <07235> [so.]
Levites <03881> [the Levites.]
two <08147> [The two.]
surely noticed ....... haven't .............. Israel ... Judah ...... they have little regard ...... ever <05006> [thus.]
covenant <01285> [If my.]
governing <07760> [and if.]
reject .......... refuse <03988> [will I.]
choose ..................... restore <03947 07622> [I will.]
mercy <07355> [and have.]
spoke <01697> [A.M. 3415. B.C. 589. The word.]
This chapter contains two discourses, one concerning the taking of the city, and Zedekiah's captivity and death, ver. 1-7; and the other containing an invective against the inhabitants of Jerusalem for retaining their Hebrew slaves, ver. 8-22; both of which were delivered in the tenth year of Zedekiah.
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [when.]
kingdoms <04467> [all the kingdoms.]
consisted ......... from <03027> [of his dominion. Heb. the dominion of his hand.]
go <01980> [Go.]
give ..................... hand <05414> [Behold.]
escape ................................ go <04422 0935> [And thou.]
confront <05869> [and thine.]
answer <06310 01696> [he shall speak with thee mouth to mouth. Heb. his mouth shall speak to thy mouth.]
die <04191> [But thou.]
burn <04955> [and with.]
<08313> [so.]
mourn <05594> [and they.]
attacking Jerusalem <03898 03389> [fought against.]
Lachish <03923> [Lachish.]
fortified <04013> [for.]
made <03772> [had.]
grant <07121> [to proclaim.]
Hebrew <05680> [Hebrew.]
keep ..... enslaved <05647> [serve.]
leaders <08269> [when.]
agreed ....................... complied <08085> [then.]
made <03772> [I made.]
when <03117> [in the.]
Every <07093> [At the.]
sold <04376> [been sold. or, sold himself.]
ancestors <01> [but.]
It appears from this and several other passages, that the sabbatical year had been wholly neglected some centuries before the captivity; and the author of the second book of Chronicles (ch. 36:21) assigns this as a reason for the captivity, "that the land might enjoy her sabbaths." Now, if we reckon the seventy years' captivity as a punishment for this neglect, it will follow that the law on this subject had been disregarded for about 490 years.
Recently .......................... made <03117 03772> [ye.]
Recently <03117> [now. Heb. to-day. in proclaiming.]
made <03772> [ye had.]
granted ........................ claimed .... own <07121 08034> [which is called by my name. Heb. whereupon my name is called.]
turned right around ............. took back <07725> [ye turned.]
did not honor <02490> [polluted.]
forced <03533> [and brought.]
freedom <07121> [behold.]
When they proclaimed liberty to their slaves, God restrained the sword from cutting them off; but now having resumed their authority over them, He proclaimed liberty to these dire judgments to seize upon, and destroy them.
die ... war ... by <02719> [to the sword.]
make <05414> [I will.]
<02189> [to be removed. Heb. for a removing.]
violated .................. passed <05674> [have transgressed.]
cut <03772> [when.]
This was the ancient mode of making a covenant. (See on De 29:12 Jos 9:7.)
leaders <08269> [princes.]
court officials <05631> [the eunuchs.]
hand <03027> [and into.]
dead bodies <05038> [and their.]
Zedekiah <06667> [Zedekiah.]
withdrawn <05927> [which are.]
order <06680> [I will command.]
back <07725> [cause.]
They did return, and reinvested the city; and, after an obstinate defence, took it, plundered it, and burnt it to the ground, taking Zedekiah, his princes, and people, captive.
fight <03898> [shall fight.]
make <05414> [and I will.]
spoke <01697> [A.M. 3397. B.C. 607. The word.]
This discourse was probably delivered in the fourth year of Jehoiakim's reign, when the king of Babylon made war against him.
when <03117> [in the.]
temple <01004> [the house.]
one <0259> [into one.]
room .............. room ............... room <03957> [into the chamber.]
one <0376> [a man.]
temple officers <08269> [the princes.]
doorkeepers <08104> [the keeper.]
doorkeepers <05592> [door. Heb. threshold, or vessel.]
Have <08354> [Drink.]
Jonadab <03122> [Jonadab.]
drink ....................... drink <08354> [Ye shall.]
Jonadab, a man of fervent zeal for the pure worship of God, and who lived about three hundred years before this time, (2 Ki 10:15, 16, etc.) had probably practised these rules himself; and having trained up his children to habits of abstemiousness, he enjoined them and their posterity to adhere to them. In these regulations he seems to have had no religious, but merely a prudential view, as is intimated in the reason annexed to them "that ye may live many days in the land where ye be strangers." And this would be the natural consequence of observing these rules; for their temperate mode of living would very much contribute to preserve health and prolong life; and they would avoid giving umbrage, or exciting the jealousy or envy of the Jews, who might have been provoked, by their engaging and succeeding in the principal business in which they themselves were engaged, agriculture and vine-dressing to expel them their country; by which they would have been deprived of the religious advantages they enjoyed. In 1 Ch 2:55, they are termed scribes, which intimates that they were engaged in some kind of literary employments.
[all.]
[that ye.]
time <03117> [all.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [when.]
get up ... go to <0935> [Come.]
learn <03947> [Will.]
orders <01697> [words.]
over and over again <07925> [rising.]
obeyed ..................... obeyed <08085> [but ye.]
sent ....................................................... gave <07971 05414> [I have.]
<07725> [Return.]
live in <03427> [ye shall dwell.]
pay <05186> [ye have.]
<0559> [Therefore.]
God having, by the conduct of the Rechabites, convicted the Jews of ingratitude and rebellion, He now proceeds to pass sentence against them.
bring <0935> [Behold.]
threatened ............ spoke <01696> [because.]
obeyed <08085> [Because.]
Jonadab <03122> [Jonadab, etc. Heb. There shall not a man be cut off from]
Jonadab the son of Rechab to stand, etc.
serve <05975> [stand.]
scroll <04039> [a roll.]
Write <03789> [write.]
Israel <03478> [against Israel.]
nations <01471> [against all.]
since .......... reign ..... now <03117> [from the days.]
people <01004> [may be.]
hear <08085> [hear.]
<07725> [they may.]
forgive <05545> [that I.]
Baruch ................... Baruch <01263> [Baruch.]
wrote <03789> [wrote.]
Baruch is supposed to have been a disciple of Jeremiah; and being a ready scribe, he was employed by the prophet as his amanuensis.
scroll <04039> [upon.]
Read <07121> [and read.]
told <01697> [the words.]
fast <06685> [upon.]
then <05307> [It may.]
then .... ask .... for mercy <08467 05307> [they will present their supplication. Heb. their supplication shall fall. and will.]
great <01419> [for.]
So <06213> [did.]
Lord ...... scroll ....... Lord <05612 03068> [in the.]
fifth <02549> [A.M. 3398. B.C. 606. in the fifth.]
observe <07121> [they.]
came ........................... fifth <02549 0935> [came.]
read <07121> [Then.]
entrance of the room <03957> [in the chamber.]
Gemariah <01587> [Gemariah.]
Shaphan <08227> [Shaphan.]
royal secretary <05608> [the scribe.]
entrance <06607> [entry. or, door.]
Shaphan <08227> [Shaphan.]
Elishama <0476> [Elishama.]
Elnathan <0494> [Elnathan.]
Gemariah <01587> [Gemariah.]
Hananiah <02608> [Hananiah.]
Nethaniah <05418> [Nethaniah.]
Cushi <03570> [Cushi.]
bring ...................... carrying <03947> [took.]
read .......... read <07121> [and read.]
alarm <06342> [they were.]
<05046> [We.]
<05046> [Tell.]
dictated <07121> [He.]
ink <01773> [with ink.]
{Baddeyo} is rendered by some, after him; but {deyo} (in Chaldee and Syriac {deyootha,} and in Welsh {du,}) certainly denotes ink; whence are derived the Arabic {dawat} and {deweet,} and Persian {deeveet,} an ink-holder; the Syriac {dayowo}, and Persian {div,} the devil. So the Alexandrian copy of the LXX. has [en melani,] and Vulgate {atramento,} "with ink." Perhaps the princes supposed that Baruch had written this roll from memory; and that it was rather to be considered as his composition, than the substance of Jeremiah's prophecies; and they might ask this apparently frivolous question in order to allay the alarms excited by considering it as the word of God. But Baruch, with great simplicity, so answered their question, as to shew that he only acted as Jeremiah's amanuensis, and wrote verbatim what he had dictated.
Jehudi .................... he <03065> [Jehudi.]
Jehudi .................... he <03065> [And Jehudi.]
A warm apartment suited to the season of the year, (December, when snow is often upon the ground in Palestine,) in which was a pan or brazier ({ach,} or {ikhkh,} as it is pronounced in Arabic) of burning charcoal; for we learn from Bp. Pococke, and Dr. Russel, that this was the mode in which the Orientals warmed their apartments.
cut ... off <07167> [he cut.]
alarm <06342> [they.]
tear <07167> [nor rent.]
Elnathan <0494> [Elnathan.]
urged <06293> [made.]
<08085> [but.]
<04429> [Hammelech. or, the king. to take.]
royal ....................... Lord <04428 03068> [but.]
burned <08313> [Thou hast.]
write <03789> [Why.]
King ........................ king <04428> [The king.]
occupy <03427> [He shall.]
dead body <05038> [and his.]
day ..... night <03117 03915> [in the.]
Sir J. Chardin observes, "In the Lower Asia, in particular, the day is always hot; and as soon as the sun is fifteen degrees above the horizon, no cold is felt in the depth of winter itself. On the contrary, in the height of summer the nights are as cold as at Paris in the month of March. It is for this reason that in Persia and Turkey they always make use of furred habits in the country, such only being sufficient to resist the cold of the nights. I have travelled in Arabia, and in Mesopotamia, (the theatre of the adventures of Jacob,) both in winter and in summer, and have found the truth of what the Patriarch said, "That he was scorched with the heat in the day, and stiffened with cold in the night." (Ge 31:40.) This contrariety in the qualities of the air in twenty-four hours is extremely great in some places, and not conceivable by those that have not felt it; one would imagine that he had passed in a moment from the violent heats of summer to the depth of winter. Thus it had pleased God to temper the heat of the sun by the coldness of night, without which the greatest part of the East would be barren, and a desert."
punish <06485> [punish. Heb. visit upon.]
bring <0935> [will bring.]
heed <08085> [but.]
<03947> [took.]
wrote <03789> [who.]
several other <03254> [there.]
scroll .......................... messages <01992 01697> [like words. Heb. words as they.]
Zedekiah <06667> [A.M. 3406-3416. B.C. 598-588. Zedekiah.]
Jeconiah <03659> [Coniah.]
[Jeconiah.]
[Jehoiachin. made.]
officials <05650> [neither.]
prophet <05030> [the prophet. Heb. the hand of the prophet.]
Zephaniah <06846> [Zephaniah.]
pray <06419> [Pray.]
put <05414> [for.]
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh's.]
This was Pharaoh Hophra, or Apries, as he is called by Herodotus, who succeeded his father Psammis on the throne of Egypt, A.M. 3410, B.C. 594, and reigned twenty-five years. Having entered into a confederacy with Zedekiah, (Eze 17:15,) he marched out of Egypt with a great army to his relief; which caused Nebuchadnezzar to raise the siege of Jerusalem to meet him; during which period the transactions detailed here took place.
withdrew <05927> [they.]
<0559> [Thus.]
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh's.]
deceive <05377> [Deceive.]
yourselves <05315> [yourselves. Heb. your souls.]
defeat <05221> [though.]
wounded <0582 01856> [wounded men. Heb. men thrust through.]
get up <06965> [yet.]
forces ......... army <02428> [that.]
withdrawn <05927> [broken. Heb. made to ascend.]
leave <03318> [went.]
territory <0776> [the land.]
divided ... among <02505 08432> [separate himself thence. or, slip away from thence.]
Gate <08179> [in the.]
Hananiah <02608> [Hananiah.]
deserting <05307> [Thou.]
answered <0559> [said.]
lie <08267> [false. Heb. falsehood. or, a lie.]
officials <08269> [the princes.]
put <05414> [put.]
house <01004> [in the.]
prison <01004> [A.M. 3415. B.C. 589. into the dungeon.]
cell <02588> [cabins. or, cells.]
questioned him .... asked him <07592> [asked.]
message <01697> [Is there.]
<05414> [thou shalt.]
Where <0346> [Where.]
prophets <05030> [your.]
grant <06440 05307> [be accepted before. Heb. fall before.]
die <04191> [lest.]
courtyard ...................................... courtyard <02691> [into the.]
ordered <05414> [and that.]
bread ............... bread <03899> [until.]
Jeremiah ...................................... Jeremiah <03414> [Thus.]
Shephatiah <08203> [Shephatiah.]
Jehucal <03116> [Jucal.]
[Jehucal. Pashur.]
[Melchiah.]
[Malchijah.]
Now <08085> [heard.]
stay .................... surrender ............ lives <03427 03318 05315> [He.]
lives <05315> [shall have.]
officials <08269> [the princes.]
<03651> [thus.]
<07965> [welfare. Heb. peace.]
King <04428> [for.]
took <03947> [took.]
cistern ................................. cistern <0953> [into.]
<04428> [Hammelech. or, the king.]
lowered <07971> [and they.]
cistern ................................. cistern <0953> [And in.]
This dungeon, which seems to have belonged to one of Zedekiah's sons, appears to have been a most dreadful place; the horrors of which were probably augmented by the cruelty of the jailor. "The eastern people," observes Sir J. Chardin, "have not different prisons for the different classes of criminals; the judges do not trouble themselves about where the prisoners are confined, or how they are treated, considering it merely as a place of safety; and all that they require of the jailor is, that the prisoner be forthcoming when called for. As to the rest, he is master to do as he pleases; to treat him well or ill; to put him in irons or not; to shut him up close, or hold him in easier restraint; to admit people to him, or to suffer nobody to see him. If the jailor and his servants have large fees, let the person be the greatest rascal in the world, he shall be lodged in the jailor's own apartment, and the best part of it; and on the contrary, if those that have imprisoned a man give the jailor greater presents, or that he has a greater regard for them, he will treat the prisoner with the greatest inhumanity." This adds a double energy to those passages which speak of "the sighing of the prisoner," and to Jeremiah's supplicating that he might not be remanded to the dungeon of Jonathan. (ver. 26; ch. 37:20.)
Ebed Melech <05663> [Ebed-melech.]
An Ethiopian <03569> [Ethiopian.]
court official <05631> [eunuchs.]
royal .............. king <04428> [the king.]
<0582> [these.]
die <04191> [is like to die. Heb. will die. for there]
king <04428> [the king.]
<03027> [with thee. Heb. in thine hand.]
let ... down <07971> [let them.]
Put <07760> [Put.]
pulled <04900> [So.]
Jeremiah ........ Jeremiah <03414> [Jeremiah.]
sent <07971> [sent.]
third <07992> [third. or, principal.]
ask <07592> [I will.]
So .... made .... promise ........ an oath ... promised <07650> [sware.]
<06213> [that made.]
<0582> [of these.]
God who rules over all ... God <0430 06635> [the God of hosts.]
God ....... God ... Israel <0430 03478> [the God of Israel.]
surrender <03318> [If thou.]
surrender <03318> [if thou.]
city <05892> [then.]
afraid <01672> [I.]
torture <05953> [mock.]
obey <08085> [Obey.]
life <05315> [and thy.]
refuse <03986> [if thou.]
what <01697> [this is.]
women <0802> [all.]
saying <0559> [and those.]
Mr. Harmer would render, "and here ({hennah,} or reading {hinneh,} behold,) the women (wont to sing on public occasions) shall say," etc.; observing "that these bitter speeches much better suit the lips of women belonging to the conquering nation, singing before a captive prince, than of his own wives and concubines." This he illustrates by the following extract from Della Valle: When he was at Lar, in Persia, the king of Ormuz was brought thither in triumph; and "this poor unfortunate king entered Lar, with his people, in the morning, music playing, and girls and women singing and dancing before him, according to the custom of Persia, and the people flocking together with a prodigious concourse, and conducting him in a pompous and magnificent manner, particularly with colours displayed, like what the Messenians formerly did to Philopoemen, the general of the Athenians, their prisoner of war, according to the report of Justin."
<0582> [Thy friends. Heb. The men of thy peace.]
misled <05496> [have set.]
feet <07272> [thy feet.]
turned <05472> [they are.]
turned <03318> [they shall.]
city <05892> [shalt cause, etc. Heb. shalt burn, etc.]
told <05046> [and he told.]
what .......... stopped questioning ............ conversation <02790 01697> [left off speaking with him. Heb. were silent from him.]
ninth <08671> [A.M. 3414. B.C. 590. the ninth.]
tenth <06224> [the tenth.]
This was the month Tebeth, (Es 2:16,) which began with the first moon of January; and it was on the 10th of this month that Nebuchadnezzar invested the city.
fourth <07243> [A.M. 3416. B.C. 588. the fourth.]
This was the month Tammuz, which commences with the first moon of July: the siege had lasted just eighteen months.
broke <01234> [was.]
other officers <08269 07611> [all the.]
Nergal-Sharezer .......... Nergal-Sharezer <05371> [Nergalsharezer.]
Nebo-Sarsekim <08310> [Sarsechim.]
These were the principal commanders; but Dr. Blayney thinks that, instead of six persons, we have in reality but three, as the name that follows each is the title of the office. Thus Nergal-Sharezer, who was Samgar-nebo, or keeper, i.e., priest of Nebo; Sarsechim, who was Rab-saris, or chief eunuch; and Nergal-sharezer, who was Rab-mag, or chief magi; as the words {mog} in Persian, {magoos} in Arabic, {magooshai} in Syriac, and [magos <\\See definition 3097\\>,] in Greek, signify; and we learn from Justin and Curtius that the magi attended the king in war.
Zedekiah <06667> [when]
walls <02346> [betwixt.]
[Chaldeans'.]
plains <06160> [in the plains.]
Riblah <07247> [Riblah.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
sentence <04941 01696> [gave judgment upon him. Heb. spake with him judgments.]
sons put to death ................... put to death <07819 01121> [slew the.]
forced to watch <05869> [before.]
put to death ................ nobles .... put to death <07819 02715> [slew all.]
put out <05786> [he put.]
chains <05178> [chains. Heb. two brasen chains, or fetters.]
burned down <08313> [burned.]
tore <05422> [and brake.]
Nebuzaradan <05018> [Nebuzar-adan.]
captain .... royal guard <02876 07227> [captain of the guard. or, chief marshal. Heb. chief of the executioners, or slaughter-men. and so.]
captive .............. carried <01540> [carried.]
left behind .......... poor <07604 01800> [left of.]
time <03117> [at the same time. Heb. in that day.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [Now.]
Nebuchadnezzar must have frequently heard of Jeremiah's predictions, many of which were now fulfilled, which would dispose him to respect his character and treat him with kindness.
orders <06680> [gave.]
through <03027> [to. Heb. by the hand of.]
look ....... do ....... do <05869 06213> [look well to him. Heb. set thine eyes upon him.]
do anything ...... do <06213 03972> [do him.]
Nebuzaradan <05018> [Nebuzar-adan.]
brought ........................ take <03947> [took.]
over <05414> [committed.]
Ahikam <0296> [Ahikam.]
had ......... confined <06113> [while.]
Ebed-Melech <05663> [Ebed-melech.]
carry out <0935> [Behold.]
<06440> [before thee.]
rescue <05337> [I will.]
<06440> [of whom.]
life <05315> [but.]
trust <0982> [because.]
spoke <01697> [The word.]
This, and the four following chapters, record the events which occurred in Judea from the taking of Jerusalem to the retreat of the remnant of the people to Egypt; and contain several prophecies of Jeremiah concerning them there; which were "the word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord." It appears that Jeremiah, after being freed from prison, continued among the Jews, till he was bound, with others of them, and carried to Ramah; where he was set a liberty in the manner related.
after <0310> [after.]
Ramah <07414> [Ramah.]
<0631> [bound.]
chains <0246> [chains. or, manacles.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
sinned <02398> [because.]
turn to leave ........ Go back <07725> [Go back.]
Ahikam <0296> [Ahikam.]
<03212> [or go.]
gave .... food <05414 0737> [gave him.]
food .... present <04864 0737> [victuals and a reward.]
Rather, "victuals, ({aruchah,} a stated allowance, sufficient for the journey,) and a present," {masse„th.}
went <0935> [Then.]
It has been doubted whether Jeremiah acted prudently in this decision, as the event seems to indicate the contrary, and as it was the evident meaning of all his predictions that the Jews should not prosper in their own country till the expiration of seventy years. But he was evidently influenced by the most unbounded love to his country, for whose welfare he had watched, prayed, and lived; and he now chose rather to share her adversities, her sorrows, her wants, her afflictions, and her disgrace, than to be the companion of princes, and to sit at the table of kings. His patriotism was as unbounded as it was sincere: he only ceased to live for country when he ceased to breathe.
Mizpah <04708> [Mizpah.]
[Mizpeh.]
officers <08269> [all the.]
poorer <01803> [the poor.]
So ........ came <0935> [came.]
Ishmael <03458> [even.]
Johanan <03110> [Johanan.]
Jonathan <03129> [Jonathan.]
Netophathite <05200> [Netophathite.]
Maacathite <04602> [Maachathite.]
oath <07650> [sware.]
afraid <03372> [Fear.]
represent <05975> [serve. Heb. stand before.]
harvest <0622> [gather.]
<07019> [summer.]
Judeans <03064> [all the Jews.]
Johanan <03110> [Johanan.]
Johanan and his companions seem to have acted honestly in this affair. They had received intelligence of designs formed against Gedaliah's life, and consequently against the whole new settlement. Ishmael, being a branch of David's family, was probably displeased that another was preferred above him; and the king of the Ammonites, out of hatred to the Jews, employed him to slay Gedaliah. But Gedaliah, conscious of his own integrity and benevolence, took the portrait of others from his own mind; and therefore believed evil of no man, because he felt none towards any in his own breast. He may be reproached for being too credulous and confiding; but this only serves to shew the greatness of his soul; for a little mind is always suspicious, and ready to believe the worst of every person and thing.
son ......... son <01121> [Ammonites.]
Ishmael <03458> [Ishmael.]
kill <05221> [slay thee? Heb. strike thee in soul. believed.]
<03212> [Let.]
kill ............... kill <05221> [wherefore.]
do <06213> [Thou shalt.]
seventh month <02320 07637> [the seventh month.]
This was the month {Tisri,} answering to the new moon of September, the seventh of the sacred, but the first of the civil year; on the third day of which the Jews keep a fast, in commemoration of the death of Gedaliah, to which the prophet Zechariah refers, ch. 8:19; 39:2; 52:6. 2 Ki 25:3, 8, 25. Zec 7:5; 8:19.
Ishmael <03458> [Ishmael.]
Elishama <0476> [Elishama.]
member ........... Zedekiah's <02233 04428> [of the.]
member <02233> [seed.]
eating <0398> [they did.]
killed <05221> [and smote.]
king <04428> [whom.]
murdered <04191> [after.]
arrived ................................ present <0935> [came.]
Shechem <07927> [Shechem.]
Shiloh <07887> [Shiloh.]
Samaria <08111> [Samaria.]
beards <02206> [their beards.]
All these were signs of deep mourning; which, though forbidden on funeral occasions, were customary, and perhaps counted allowable, on seasons of public calamity, and this mourning was probably on account of the destruction of Jerusalem.
temple <01004> [to the.]
cry <01058> [weeping, etc. Heb. in going and weeping.]
slaughtered <07819> [slew.]
kill ............................... kill <04191> [Slay.]
hidden <04301> [treasures.]
These "treasures hid in the field" were doubtless laid up in subterranean pits, similar to the {mattamores} in Barbary, in which, Dr. Shaw informs us, they deposit the grain when winnowed; two or three hundred of them being sometimes together, and the smallest holding four hundred bushels. The same mode of keeping corn prevails in Syria and the Holy Land.
cistern <0953> [the pit.]
This was probably a large reservoir for receiving rain water, which Asa had caused to be made in the midst of the city, in case of a siege.
<03027 01436> [because of Gedaliah. or, near Gedaliah. Heb. by the hand, or the side of Gedaliah. was it.]
<06440> [for fear.]
people ................. rest .... people <07611 05971> [all the.]
royal <04428> [even.]
Nebuzaradan <05018> [whom.]
son ..... son ................. Ammonites <01121> [to the.]
Johanan <03110> [Johanan.]
fight <03898> [to fight.]
large <07227> [the great.]
people <05971> [that when.]
They appear to have been weary of the tyranny of Ishmael, and glad of an opportunity to abandon him.
escape <04422> [escaped.]
eight <0582 08083> [eight men.]
soldiers <01397> [even.]
<03643> [Chimham.]
<03212> [to go.]
As Johanan and the other princes had taken a decided part against Ishmael, they had no sufficient reason to fear that the Chaldeans would revenge on them the murder of Gedaliah; but perhaps Johanan was unwilling to be superseded in the command which he had rightly assumed, and so used his influence to induce the whole company to take refuge in Egypt; and their old attachment to the Egyptians rendered them more ready to concur in this ruinous measure.
were afraid ... what .... might do <03372> [for they.]
Ishmael <06440 03458> [because.]
king <04428> [whom.]
officers ............... people <08269 05971> [all the.]
Jezaniah <03153> [Jezaniah.]
[Jaazaniah.]
every class <06996> [from.]
went <05066> [came.]
grant <05307 06440> [be accepted before thee. Heb. fall before thee.]
pray <06419> [and pray.]
left out <07604> [left.]
Jeremiah <03414> [Jeremiah.]
The princes seem to have wholly neglected Jeremiah, till on this occasion they wanted his sanction to their purpose of going to Egypt. In order to induce him to favour them, they applied to him with one consent, in the most respectful and plausible manner: they used language to prepossess him with a favourable opinion of them, and to move his compassion; and, in words expressing great humility, they entreated his prayers in their behalf, and that he would enquire of the Lord what he would have them to do. The prophet readily acquiesced; and doubted not but that he should receive an answer from God, which he would unreservedly declare to them; and they called the Lord to witness that they would implicitly follow his directions.
pray <06419> [I will pray.]
as <01697> [whatsoever.]
anything <04513> [I will keep.]
Lord .... true ............... Lord <03068 0571> [The Lord be.]
do <06213> [if we.]
<02896> [it be good.]
well <03190> [that it.]
At this time he was waiting for a revelation from God in answer to the enquiries of the people; who probably thus delayed to make known his will, in order to shew them that Jeremiah did not speak of his own mind, but when and as he was directed. The delay was also suited to give time for consideration, and to retard their rash project; and, as it would render them impatient, it tended to detect their hypocrisy, and to shew more clearly their determined rebellion against God.
Johanan <03110> [Johanan.]
said ..... sent .................... says <0559 07971> [unto.]
stay <03427> [abide.]
build <01129> [then.]
sorrow <05162> [for I.]
afraid .......... fear ..... afraid <03372 03373> [afraid.]
save <03467> [for I.]
go <0935> [we will go.]
hear <08085> [nor hear.]
so determined <07760> [If.]
If ye are determined to go into Egypt, the evils which ye dreaded by staying in your own land shall overtake and destroy you there; "and there shall ye die." God turned the policy of the wicked to their own destruction; for while they thought themselves safe in Egypt, there Nebuchadnezzar destroyed both them and the Egyptians.
wars <02719> [that the sword.]
follow <01692> [follow close. Heb. cleave. there ye.]
<0582> [it be with all the men. Heb. all the men be. they shall.]
survive <08300> [none.]
wrath <0639> [As mine.]
The people had witnessed the tremendous effects of the wrath of God, in the siege and destruction of Jerusalem; and had they not been past feeling, this denunciation must have made their ears tingle, and appalled their very souls.
cursed <0423> [ye shall be.]
see <07200> [and ye shall see.]
go <0935> [Go.]
God knew, that such was their miserable propensity to idolatry, that they would adopt the idolatrous worship of Egypt. Add to which, their going thither for protection was in effect refusing to submit to the king of Babylon, to whom God had decreed the rule of Judah and the neighbouring kingdoms.
sure <03045> [know.]
warn ..... now <05749 03117> [admonished you. Heb. testified against you.]
fatal <08582> [For ye.]
God made known to the prophet their dissimulation; which he shunned not to declare to them.
fatal <05315 08582> [dissembled in your hearts. Heb. have used deceit against your souls.]
Pray <06419> [Pray.]
day <03117> [I have.]
obey <08085> [but.]
sure <03045> [know.]
place <04725> [in the.]
go ... live <0935 01481> [to go and to sojourn. or, to go to sojourn.]
finished <03615> [had made.]
things <01697> [all the words.]
Azariah <05838> [Azariah.]
[Jezaniah. Johanan.]
arrogant <02086> [all the.]
telling <01696> [Thou speakest.]
They had no other colour for their rebellion than flatly to deny that God had spoken what the prophet had declared, the constant method of hypocrites and infidels, who pretend that they are not satisfied of the truth of Divine revelation, when the true cause of their unbelief is, that the commands of God contradict their lusts and appetites.
Baruch <01263> [Baruch.]
wants ... hand ....... so that ... will <05414 04616> [to deliver.]
obey <08085> [obeyed.]
stay <03427> [to dwell.]
Instead <03947> [took.]
royal <04428> [the king's.]
off <05315> [every.]
Jeremiah <03414> [Jeremiah.]
went ............. came <0935> [So.]
Tahpanhes <08471> [Tahpanhes.]
[Tahapanhes.]
[Hanes.]
[Tehaphnehes.]
large <01419> [great.]
pavement <04404> [in the brick-kiln.]
<07971> [I will send.]
servant <05650> [my servant.]
royal tent <08237> [his royal.]
attack <05221> [he shall smite.]
die of disease ... die of disease <04194> [such as are for death.]
temples <01004> [in the.]
clean like ...... lice <05844> [array.]
clean like ...... lice <05844> [putteth.]
sacred pillars <04676> [images. Heb. statues, or standing images. Beth-shemesh. or, the house of the sun.]
temples <01004> [and the.]
spoke <01697> [Cir. A.M. 3433. B.C. 571. The word.]
Dahler supposes this discourse to have been delivered in the seventeenth or eighteenth year after the taking of Jerusalem.
Judeans <03064> [concerning.]
Migdol <04024> [Migdol.]
Tahpanhes <08471> [Tahpanhes.]
{Tahpanhes,} rendered [Taphne] and [Taphnai] by the LXX., is no doubt the [Daphnai] of Herodotus, a royal city of Lower Egypt, situated, according to the Itinerary of Antoninus, sixteen miles south from Pelusium, from which it was called Daphn‘ Pelusic‘. Forster says that there is now a place situated in the vicinity of Pelusium called Safnas, which may be a vestige of the ancient name. It appears to have been the very first town in Egypt, in the road from Palestine, that afforded tolerable accommodation for the fugitives. It was at this place that, according to Jerome and several of the ancients, tradition says the faithful Jeremiah was stoned to death by these rebellious wretches, for whose welfare he had watched, prayed, and suffered every kind of indignity and hardship.
[Tehaphnehes. Noph.]
southern <06624> [Pathros.]
[Pathrusim.]
seen <07200> [Ye have.]
ruins <02723> [a desolation.]
wickedness <07451> [of their.]
gods <0430> [gods.]
sent ............. warning <07971> [I sent.]
disgusting <08441> [this.]
people ........ listen <08085> [they.]
sacrificing <06999> [burn.]
anger <02534> [my fury.]
ruins <02723> [wasted.]
yourselves <05315> [against.]
<03772> [to cut.]
child <05768> [child.]
Judah <03063> [Judah. Heb. the midst of Judah. to leave.]
angry <03707> [ye provoke.]
destroyed <03772> [that ye might cut.]
curses <07045> [a curse.]
forgotten <07911> [ye forgotten.]
wicked ..................... by ........ wives by <07451> [wickedness. Heb. wickedness, or punishments, etc. the wickedness of your.]
shown ... contrition <01792> [are not.]
shown ... contrition <01792> [humbled. Heb. contrite.]
revered <03372> [neither.]
determined <07760> [I will.]
see <03947> [I will take.]
every class <06996> [from the.]
curse <0423> [and they shall be.]
remnant <07611> [So.]
It is evident from ver. 28, that some Jews were to escape the general destruction in Egypt, and to return into their own country, though but a few; and the same thing is implied in the latter clause of this verse. But the former part excludes from the number of those who should escape every individual of those who are properly termed "the remnant of Judah;" those who had willingly and rebelliously "set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to dwell there," on a presumption that they knew better than God how to consult their own restoration. The few, then, who were destined to escape, were to be such as had come into the land of Egypt with Johanan by compulsion, or had previously fled thither, or in some other less offensive manner, and chanced to be there when the storm burst upon them.
come <0935> [which are.]
escape ........................... fugitives <06412 06405> [shall escape.]
<05375> [which they.]
long <05315 05375> [have a desire. Heb. lift up there soul. for none.]
wives ............ wives .............. people <0582 0802 05971> [all the.]
listen <08085> [we.]
vowed <01697> [whatsoever.]
Queen ... Heaven <08064 04446> [queen of heaven. or, frame of heaven.]
As the Sun was worshipped, not only under the name of {baal shamayim,} "Lord of heaven," but also by that of {Molech,} or King; it is likely also that the Moon was adored as {melecheth hashshamayim,} "the Queen of heaven." So the Orphic hymn addressed to the Moon begins [Klythi thea BASILEIA,] Hear, goddess Queen. And Homer, in his Hymn to the Moon, addresses her, [Chaire, anassa, thea] All hail, Queen, goddess. In Epiphanius, we find some women of Arabia, towards the end of the fourth century, had set up another queen of heaven, the Virgin Mary, too well known since under that name and character, whom they likewise worshipped as a goddess, by holding stated assemblies every year to her honour, and by offering a cake of bread in her name; whence these heretics were called Collyridians, from the Greek [kollyris,] a cake.
do .................................... did <06213> [as we.]
ancestors <01> [our fathers.]
towns <05892> [in the cities.]
plenty <07646> [then.]
food <03899> [victuals. Heb. bread.]
have been .......... wars <02637> [we have.]
sacrifice <06999> [we burned.]
But <01107> [without.]
husbands <0582> [men. or, husbands.]
streets <02351> [and in.]
Lord <03068> [did.]
could <03201> [could.]
land <0776> [your land.]
sacrificed <06999> [ye have burned.]
followed <01980> [nor walked.]
statutes <02708> [nor in his statutes.]
decrees <05715> [nor in his testimonies.]
disaster <07451> [therefore.]
Listen <08085> [Hear.]
Judah <03063> [all Judah.]
women <0802> [Ye and.]
carry out ..................... Carry ... out <06213> [We will.]
fulfill <06965> [ye will.]
swear <07650> [I have sworn.]
name .................... name <08034> [that my name.]
Lord ................... Lord ................................................. Lord God <03068 0136 03069> [The Lord God.]
see <08245> [will watch.]
<08552> [shall be.]
<04962> [a small.]
know <03045> [shall know.]
[mine, or theirs. Heb. from me or them.]
<0226> [a sign.]
threats <01697> [my words.]
hand .......................... handed <05414> [I will.]
hand .......................... handed <05414> [as I.]
Baruch <01263> [A.M. 3397. B.C. 607. Baruch.]
writing down in <03789> [when.]
fourth <07243> [in the.]
Baruch <01263> [unto.]
hopeless <0188> [Woe.]
added <03254> [added.]
worn out <03021> [I fainted.]
planted <05193> [that which.]
looking ......... look <01245> [seekest.]
looking ......... look <01245> [seek.]
bring <0935> [I will bring.]
life <05315> [thy life.]
spoke <01697> [The word.]
This is a general title to the prophecies contained in this and the following chapters, concerning different nations which had less or more connexion with the Jews, either as enemies, neighbours, or allies. They were not delivered at the same time: to some the date is annexed; in others it is left uncertain.
nations <01471> [against.]
Egypt .......... Egypt <04714> [Against Egypt.]
Pharaoh Necho <06549> [Pharaoh-necho.]
[Pharaoh-nechoh.]
[Necho.]
Carchemish <03751> [Carchemish.]
fourth <07243> [in the.]
This is a poetical and ironical call to the Egyptians to muster their forces; and implies that all their courage and efforts would be vain.
Sharpen <04838> [furbish.]
armor <05630> [brigandines.]
soldiers <01368> [and their.]
defeated <03807> [beaten down. Heb. broken in pieces. fled apace. Heb. fled a flight.]
terror <04032> [fear.]
swiftest <07031> [not.]
stumble <03782> [stumble.]
north <06828> [toward.]
rises <05927> [Who.]
Nile <02975> [as a flood.]
rises ................ arise <05927> [riseth.]
rises ................ arise <05927> [I will go.]
Drive furiously <01984> [rage.]
Ethiopia <03568> [Ethiopians. Heb. Cush and Put.]
[Phut.]
[Phut.]
[Lubim.]
Lydia <03866> [Lydians.]
[Ludim.]
[Lud.]
day .............. day <03117> [the day.]
sword <02719> [the sword.]
north <06828> [the north.]
Gilead <01568> [Gilead.]
dear poor people <01330> [O virgin.]
useless <07723> [in vain.]
healing <08585> [thou shalt not be cured. Heb. no cure shall be unto thee.]
hear <08085> [heard.]
cries of distress <06682> [thy cry.]
trip over <03782> [stumbled.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [Cir A.M. 3398. B.C. 606. Nebuchadrezzar.]
Migdol <04024> [Migdol.]
Take your positions <03320> [Stand.]
enemy army <02719> [the sword.]
soldiers <047> [thy.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
many stumble <03782 07235> [made many to fall. Heb. multiplied the faller. one.]
say <0559> [they said.]
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh.]
swear <05002> [saith.]
Tabor <08396> [Tabor.]
Mount Carmel <03760> [Carmel.]
dear <01323> [thou.]
bags <06213 03627> [furnish thyself to go into captivity. Heb. make thee instruments of captivity.]
Memphis <05297> [Noph.]
Noph, or Moph, is the celebrated city of Memphis, as the Chaldee and LXX. render; long the residence of the ancient Egyptian kings, and situated fifteen miles above where the Delta begins, on the western side of the Nile. It was in the neighbourhood of Memphis that the famous pyramids were erected, whose grandeur and beauty still astonish the modern traveller: they are about twenty in number; the largest of which is 481 feet perpendicular height, and the area of its basis is on 480,249 square feet, or something more than eleven acres, being exactly the size of Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. The immense ruins between the northern and southern pyramids, and about fourteen miles from Cairo, still called Memf, Menf, or Menouf, seem to mark the site of this city.
waste <08047> [waste.]
beautiful <03304> [a very.]
attack <0935> [it cometh.]
mercenaries <07916> [her hired.]
pampered well-fed <04770> [like.]
pampered well-fed calves <05695 04770> [fatted bullocks. Heb. bullocks of the stall.]
stand <05975> [they did.]
time <03117> [the day.]
hissing <06963> [voice.]
come <0935> [and come.]
<03772> [cut.]
numerous <07231> [because.]
dear <01323> [daughter.]
put <05414> [she shall.]
Amon <0527> [multitude. or, nourisher. Heb. Amon. No.]
God ...................... gods <0430> [with their.]
kings <04428> [and their.]
trust <0982> [and all.]
hand <05414> [I will.]
later <0310> [and afterward.]
afraid <03372> [fear.]
rescue <03467> [I will save.]
terrified <02865 08252> [and be.]
destroy ............. destroy <06213> [for I am.]
destroy ............. destroy <06213> [make.]
destroy ............. destroy <06213> [but I will not.]
discipline <03256> [correct.]
unpunished <05352> [will I.]
unpunished <05352> [not leave thee wholly unpunished. or, not utterly cut thee off.]
Philistines <06430> [Cir. A.M. 3387. B.C. 617. against.]
Gaza <05804> [Gaza. Heb. Azzah.]
water <04325> [waters.]
north <06828> [out of.]
everything <04393> [all that is therein. Heb. the fulness thereof.]
People <0120> [then the.]
hear <06963> [the noise.]
Fathers <01> [the fathers.]
time <03117> [the day.]
Tyre <06865> [Tyrus.]
help <05826> [every.]
remnant <07611> [the remnant.]
island <0339> [country. Heb. isle.]
Crete <03731> [Caphtor.]
[Caphtorim.]
[Caphthorim.]
shave ... heads <07144> [Baldness.]
Gaza <05804> [Gaza.]
who remain <07611> [the remnant.]
gash <01413> [how.]
sword <02719> [thou sword.]
<03808> [how long.]
Go back .... sheath <0622 08593> [put up thyself. Heb. gather thyself. into.]
rest <08252> [can it. Heb. canst not. the Lord.]
seacoast <03220> [the sea.]
ordered <03259> [hath he.]
Moab <04124> [A.M. cir. 3420. B.C. cir. 584. Moab.]
Nebo <05015> [Nebo.]
<04869> [Misgab. or, The high place.]
praise <08416> [no more.]
Heshbon <02809> [Heshbon.]
<03212> [come.]
<01826> [thou shalt.]
<01826> [cut down. or, brought to silence.]
[Madmenah. pursue thee. Heb. go after thee.]
Cries <06963> [voice.]
Horonaim <02773> [Horonaim.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
This prophecy against Moab, as well as the following ones concerning Ammon, Edom, and the neighbouring countries, seem to have been fulfilled during the long siege of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar. Josephus places these events five years after the destruction of Jerusalem.
distress <06810> [her.]
Luhith <03872> [Luhith.]
Luhith is placed by Eusebius between Areopolis, or Ar, and Zoar. (See ver. 34.) It was evidently situated upon a height; as was also Horonaim, which was probably not far from Luhith.
weeping <01065> [continual weeping. Heb. weeping with weeping.]
Run <05127> [Flee.]
be ..... shrub <01961 06176> [be like.]
shrub <06176> [the heath. or, a naked tree.]
trust <0982> [because.]
god Chemosh <03645> [Chemosh.]
priests <03548> [his priests.]
destroyer <07703> [the spoiler.]
town .... town <05892> [and no.]
gravestone <06731> [wings.]
cities <05892> [the cities.]
curse ............. curse <0779> [Cursed.]
lax <07423> [deceitfully. or, negligently.]
lived undisturbed <07599> [hath been.]
settle undisturbed <08252> [he hath.]
poured out <07324> [emptied.]
[thereof.]
<05975> [remained. Heb. stood.]
empty ... out .... empty the towns <06808> [wanderers.]
<07324> [empty.]
disappointed .......... disappointed <0954> [ashamed.]
<01004> [as the.]
say <0559> [How.]
mighty <01368> [We.]
destroyed <07703> [spoiled.]
finest <04005> [his chosen. Heb. the choice of his, etc.]
affirm <05002> [saith.]
<08034> [whose.]
<07138> [near.]
Mourn <05110> [bemoan.]
powerful <05797> [How.]
<01323> [daughter.]
Dibon <01769> [Dibon.]
sit on ....... live <03427> [and sit.]
destroy <07703> [the spoiler.]
live <03427> [inhabitant. Heb. inhabitress. Aroer.]
Question <07592> [ask.]
disgraced <03001> [confounded.]
Arnon <0769> [Arnon.]
plain <04334> [the plain.]
Jahzah <03096> [Jahazah.]
[Jahaza.]
[Jahaz.]
Dibon <01769> [Dibon.]
Beth Diblathaim <01015> [Beth-diblathaim.]
[Almon-diblathaim.]
[Diblath.]
Kiriathaim <07156> [Kiriathaim.]
[Shaveh Kiriathaim.]
[Kirjathaim. Beth-meon.]
[Baal-meon.]
[Beth-baal-meon.]
Kerioth <07152> [Kerioth.]
Bozrah <01224> [Bozrah.]
[Bezer.]
[Bezor.]
might <07161> [horn.]
power <02220> [and his.]
vaunted <07937> [ye him.]
wrath <01431> [for he.]
splashes <05606> [wallow.]
laughingstock <07814> [and he also.]
Israel <03478> [was not.]
<04672> [was he found.]
talked <05110> [skippedst. or, movedst thyself.]
Leave <05800> [leave.]
dove <03123> [like.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
arrogant <01363> [his loftiness.]
know <03045> [know.]
boastings ... prove <06213 0907> [his lies shall not so effect it. or, those on whom he stayeth (Heb. his bars) do not right.]
{Baddim,} as Lowth observes, sometimes means those who pretend to the art of divination. Though the soothsayers of Moab, upon whose skill she relies, promise him success, yet in the event it will appear there was no truth in what they said.
weep with sorrow <03213> [will I howl.]
Kir Heres <07025> [Kir-heres.]
[Kar-haraseth.]
[Kir-hareseth.]
grapevines <01612> [vine.]
[Shibmah.]
Jazer ....................... Jazer <03270> [Jazer.]
[Jaazer.]
destroyer <07703> [the spoiler.]
Joy <08057> [joy.]
wine <03196> [caused.]
Cries of anguish <02201> [the cry.]
Elealeh <0500> [Elealeh.]
Jahaz <03096> [Jahaz.]
[Jahazah. Zoar.]
Eglath Shelishiyah <05697 07992> [as an heifer of.]
As a young cow, when deprived of her first calf; which runs about from place to place, filling the air with loud and repeated lowings, expressive of the deepest distress.
Nimrim <05249> [Nimrim.]
[Nimrah.]
[Beth-nimrah.]
dried <04923> [desolate. Heb. desolations.]
offerings <05927> [him that offereth.]
heart ..................... heart <03820> [mine heart.]
Kir Heres <07025> [Kir-heres.]
wealth <03502> [the riches.]
heads <07218> [every head.]
cut off <01639> [clipped. Heb. diminished. cuttings.]
<04975> [upon the loins.]
housetops <01406> [upon.]
break <07665> [broken.]
shattered <02865> [How is it.]
turn away <06203> [back. Heb. neck. a derision.]
swoop down <01675> [he shall.]
outspread <06566> [spread.]
<07152> [Kerioth. or, The cities.]
<03820> [as the heart.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
Moab has long since ceased to be a nation; while the Jews, agreeably to the Divine promise, (ch. 46:28,) though successively subdued and oppressed by the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Syro-Macedonians, and Romans, (which have also all passed away, and are no more,) and dispersed over the face of the earth, subsist to this day as a distinct people from all the nations of the world!
nation <05971> [from.]
vaunted <01431> [magnified.]
<05127> [that fleeth.]
time <08141> [the year.]
fire <0784> [a fire.]
burn <0398> [devour.]
war-loving people <01121 07588> [tumultuous ones. Heb. children of noise.]
doomed <0188> [Woe.]
people <05971> [the people.]
captive ......... exile <07628 07633> [captives. Heb. in captivity.]
reverse <07725> [Yet will I bring.]
Many of the Moabites were afterwards restored to their country by Cyrus, as we learn from Josephus; but they never were restored to their national consequence; and perhaps their restoration in the latter days refers to the conversion of their scattered remnants to the gospel.
to come <0319> [in the latter.]
Ammonites ......... people of the nation <01121> [A.M. 3421. B.C. 583. Concerning. or, Against.]
Ammonites ......... people of the nation <01121> [Ammonites.]
<04428> [their king. or, Melcom.]
cities <05892> [cities.]
sound <08643> [that I will.]
Rabbah <07237> [Rabbah.]
[Rabbath.]
villages <01323> [her daughters.]
Israel <03478> [shall Israel.]
Wail <03213> [Howl.]
Put on <02296> [gird.]
Run about <07751> [run.]
god Milcom <04428> [their king. or, Melcom.]
[Milcom.]
[Malcham.]
<03212> [shall go.]
brag about <01984> [gloriest.]
great power ... power ... ebbing away <02100 06010> [thy flowing valley. or, they valley floweth away. O backsliding.]
trust <0982> [trusted.]
attack <0935> [Who.]
bring <0935> [I will.]
scattered <05080> [ye shall.]
gather <06908> [none.]
Edom <0123> [Edom.]
wisdom ...................... wisdom <02451> [Is wisdom.]
Teman <08487> [Teman.]
flee <05127> [Flee.]
Turn <06437> [turn back. or, they are turned back. dwell.]
Dedan <01719> [Dedan.]
bring .......... decided <0935> [for.]
grape pickers <01219> [grape-gatherers.]
needed <01767> [till they have enough. Heb. their sufficiency.]
Esau's <06215> [I have made.]
hiding places <04565> [his secret.]
children <02233> [his seed.]
[he is not.]
orphans <03490> [thy fatherless.]
widows <0490> [let thy.]
deserve <04941> [they whose.]
solemnly swear <07650> [I have.]
Bozrah <01224> [Bozrah.]
object of horror <08047> [a desolation.]
heard <08085> [heard.]
messenger <06735> [an ambassador.]
Gather <06908> [Gather.]
terror <08606> [terribleness.]
home <07931> [dwellest.]
nest <07064> [though.]
Edom <0123> [Edom.]
pass by <05674> [every.]
hiss out their scorn <08319> [shall hiss.]
destroyed <04114> [in the.]
<0376> [no man.]
coming up <05927> [he shall come.]
thick undergrowth <01347> [the swelling.]
call ... to account <03259> [who is like.]
call ... to account <03259> [appoint me the time. or, convent me in judgment.]
ruler <07462> [that shepherd.]
what <06098> [the counsel.]
Teman <08487> [Teman.]
little ones ........... land <06810 05116> [Surely.]
The prophet having given the name of the shepherd to the generals of the army, pursues the same metaphor, calling the common soldiers, "the least of the flock;" who shall have strength and courage enough to the defeat the Idumean forces.
land <05116> [make.]
earth <0776> [earth.]
[Red sea. Heb. Weedy sea.]
soar up <05927> [he shall.]
Bozrah <01224> [Bozrah.]
soldiers ....... fearful <03820 01368> [the heart of the.]
Damascus <01834> [Damascus.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
melt away <04127> [faint-hearted. Heb. melted.]
worry <01674> [sorrow.]
<03220> [on the sea. or, as on the sea.]
anguish <06869> [anguish.]
set <03341> [I will.]
Ben Hadad <01130> [Ben-hadad.]
Kedar ................... Kedar <06938> [Kedar.]
Hazor <02674> [Hazor.]
go <06965> [Arise.]
Lay waste <07703> [spoil.]
tents <0168> [tents.]
curtains <03407> [curtains.]
camels <01581> [camels.]
Terror <04032> [Fear.]
quickly <05110 03966> [get you far off. Heb. flit greatly. dwell.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [for.]
Babylon <07961> [wealthy nations. or, nation that is at ease.]
lives in <03427> [that.]
live <07931> [which dwell.]
camels <01581> [their camels.]
scatter <02219> [I will scatter.]
short .... temples <06285 07112> [in the utmost corners. Heb. cut off into corners, or, that have the corners of their hair polled.]
Hazor <02674> [Hazor.]
Hazor as well as Kedar, with which it is joined, (ver. 28,) was no doubt situated in Arabia, and a place of considerable importance; but it is now no more, and its very name seems to have perished.
place where only ... live <04583> [a dwelling.]
Elam <05867> [Cir. A.M. 3406. B.C. 598. Elam.]
Elam, the Elyma‹s of the Greeks and Romans, was properly a province of the Persian empire, between Media and Susiana; but sometimes the name Elam is used in a larger sense, including Susiana and other provinces, (see Da 8:2,) all of which were subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, and afterwards restored and raised to dignity by Cyrus.
kill <07665> [break.]
archers <07198> [the bow.]
Strabo says that the mountainous part of Elyma‹s chiefly bred archers; and Livy speaks of {Elym‘i sagittarii,} "the Elymean archers."
winds ...... four .............. four winds <0702 07307> [the four winds.]
scatter <02219> [scatter.]
refugees <05080> [the outcasts.]
terrified <02865> [to be.]
enemies <0341> [their enemies.]
send <02719 07971> [I will send the sword.]
to come <0319> [in the.]
reverse <07725> [I will.]
Babylon <0894> [A.M. 3409. B.C. 595. against Babylon.]
land <0776> [the land.]
Jeremiah <03414> [Jeremiah. Heb. the hand of Jeremiah]
Announce <05046> [Declare.]
it <05375> [set up. Heb. lift up.]
Babylon <0894> [Babylon.]
Bel <01078> [Bel.]
Marduk <04781> [Merodach.]
idols <06091> [her idols.]
Xerxes, after his return from his unsuccessful expedition into Greece, partly out of religious zeal, being a professed enemy to image worship, and partly to reimburse himself after his immense expenses, seized the sacred treasures, and plundered or destroyed the temples and idols of Babylon, thereby accomplishing the prophecies of Isaiah and Jeremiah. (Isa 21:9; 46:1. Jer 50:2; 51:44, 47, 52.) What God declares, "I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth that which he has swallowed," was also literally fulfilled, when the vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from Jerusalem and placed in the temple of Bel, Da 1:2, were restored by order of Cyrus, Ezr 1:7, and again carried to Jerusalem. Bp. Newton, Dis. X.
north <06828> [out of the.]
The Medes, who formed the greatest part of the army of Cyrus. Media lay N.E. of Babylon.
lay <07896> [which.]
People <0120> [both.]
When <03117> [those.]
people of Israel <01121 03478> [the children of Israel.]
come back ..... repentance <01980> [going.]
seek <01245 03068> [seek the.]
ask <07592> [ask.]
come <0935> [Come.]
lasting <05769> [in a.]
forgotten <07911> [that shall.]
people <05971> [people.]
shepherds <07462> [their shepherds.]
mountains ....... mountain <02022> [on the.]
forgotten <07911> [have forgotten.]
resting place <07258> [resting place. Heb. place to lie down in.]
devoured <0398> [have devoured.]
liable <0816> [We offend.]
pasture <05116> [the habitation.]
trusted <04723> [the hope.]
of <08432> [out of the midst.]
male goats <06260> [he goats.]
rouse <05782> [I will raise.]
host <06951> [an assembly.]
The army of Cyrus was composed of Medes, Persians, Armenians, Caducians, Sac‘, etc.; all of which, arranged under the Medes, came from the north.
lines <06186> [they shall.]
who <07919> [expert man. or, destroyer. none.]
Babylonia <03778> [Chaldea.]
plundered <07997> [all that.]
happy <08055> [ye were.]
plundered <08154> [ye destroyers.]
frolic <06335> [ye are.]
frolic <06335> [fat. Heb. big. or, corpulent.]
neighs .... stallion <047 06670> [bellow as bulls. or, neigh as steeds.]
Babylonia <0517> [mother.]
<0319> [the hindermost.]
barren <04057> [a wilderness.]
vent my wrath <07110> [Because.]
pass by <05674> [every.]
positions <06186> [in array.]
soldiers <01869> [bend.]
sinned <02398> [for she.]
Shout <07321> [Shout.]
will ............................... Do ....... done <05414 06213> [she hath.]
towers <0803> [her foundations.]
revenge <05360> [for it.]
Do ....... done <06213> [as she.]
sow <02232> [the sower.]
sickle <04038> [sickle. or, scythe. they shall turn every one.]
scattered <06340> [a scattered.]
lions <0738> [the lions.]
First <07223> [first.]
Nebuchadnezzar <05019> [this.]
punish ............ punished <06485> [as I.]
But .... restore <07725> [bring.]
graze <07462> [he shall.]
<05315> [his soul.]
hills <02022> [mount.]
Gilead <01568> [Gilead.]
When <03117> [In those.]
guilt <05771> [the iniquity.]
sin <02403> [and there.]
forgive <05545> [I will pardon.]
<05927> [up.]
Merathaim <04850> [Merathaim. or, the rebels. Pekod. or, visitation.]
Do <06213> [and do.]
set a trap <03369> [snare.]
knew <03045> [and thou wast.]
fought <01624> [because.]
opened <06605> [opened.]
work <04399> [this.]
far away <07093> [against.]
far away <07093> [the utmost. Heb. the end. open.]
Pile ... up <05549> [cast her up. or, tread her.]
Destroy <02763> [destroy.]
soldiers <06499> [bullocks.]
day <03117> [their day.]
Listen <06963> [voice.]
declare <05046> [to declare.]
revenge ... revenge ......... temple <05360 01964> [vengeance of his.]
archers <07228> [the archers.]
Pay <07999> [recompense.]
proudly <02102> [for she hath.]
young men <0970> [Therefore.]
Gobrias and Gadates, when they entered Babylon, marched directly to the palace, killing all they met.
young men <0970> [her young.]
<0582> [all her.]
proud <02087> [I am.]
proud <02087> [O thou.]
proud <02087> [most proud. Heb. pride. for.]
proud <02087> [the most proud. Heb. pride.]
get up <06965> [none.]
set <03341> [kindle.]
captive <07617> [and all.]
refuse <03985> [they refused.]
one who will rescue <01350> [Redeemer.]
strongly champion <07378> [plead.]
rest <07280> [that he.]
Destructive <02719> [sword.]
leaders <08269> [upon her princes.]
wisdom <02450> [her wise men.]
false prophets <0907> [upon the liars. or, upon the chief stays. Heb. bars.]
fools <02973> [dote.]
soldiers <01368> [her mighty.]
horses <05483> [their horses.]
<06153> [all the.]
women <0802> [as women.]
treasures <0214> [her treasures.]
drought <02721> [A drought.]
land <0776> [the land.]
<01984> [mad.]
armed with <02388> [hold.]
cruel <0394> [they are cruel.]
sound <06963> [their voice.]
ride forth <07392> [shall ride.]
king <04428> [king.]
agony <02427> [pangs.]
lion <0738> [like a lion.]
<0977> [who is a.]
call ... to account <03259> [for who.]
call ... to account <03259> [appoint me the time. or, convent me to plead. who is that.]
listen <08085> [hear.]
little ones <06810> [the least.]
land <05116> [surely he.]
We have already adverted to the completion of the prophecies respecting the final destruction of Babylon, (on Isa 13:18,) and shall only add a few more observations, in order to shew more clearly the full accomplishment of some of these predictions. Strabo says that in his time (about the Christian era) a great part of it was a desert. Jerome says that in his time (cir. A.D. 340) it was quite in ruins, the walls merely serving for an inclosure for wild beasts, for the hunting of the kings of Parthia: and modern travellers universally concur in describing it in a state of utter desolation, and the habitation of wild beasts and noxious reptiles.
blow <05782> [I will.]
<03820> [midst. Heb. heart. rise.]
destructive wind <07307 07843> [a destroying wind.]
people <02114> [fanners.]
time <03117> [in the day.]
string <01869> [let the.]
coats of armor <05630> [brigandine.]
spare <02550> [spare.]
destroy <02763> [destroy.]
wounded <01856> [thrust.]
Israel ............................... Israel <03478> [Israel.]
Judah <03063> [nor.]
land <0776> [though.]
Get out <05127> [Flee.]
killed <01826> [be not.]
time <06256> [for this.]
pay ... back <07999> [he will render.]
gold <02091> [a golden.]
nations ........... they <01471> [the nations.]
gone mad <01984> [are mad.]
suddenly <06597> [suddenly.]
Cry out in mourning <03213> [howl.]
Get medicine <06875 03947> [take balm.]
but ........ leave <05800> [forsake.]
judgment .................... stacked <04941> [her judgment.]
exiles from <03318> [brought.]
proclaim <05608> [let us.]
Sharpen <01305> [Make.]
Sharpen <01305> [bright. Heb. pure. the Lord hath.]
spirit <07307> [the spirit.]
Of Cyaxares king of Media, called "Darius the Mede" in scripture; and of Cyrus his nephew, king of persia, presumptive heir of the throne of his uncle.
intends <04209> [his device.]
revenge ....... revenge <05360> [the vengeance.]
signal ... attack <05251> [the standard.]
ambush <0693> [ambushes. Heb. liers in wait.]
Lord ....... planned <03068 02161> [the Lord hath both.]
live <07931> [dwellest.]
Babylon <07227> [abundant.]
end <07093> [thine.]
<0520> [and the.]
sworn <07650> [sworn.]
sworn <05315> [himself. Heb. his soul. as with.]
swarm <06030> [lift up. Heb. utter.]
He ......... made <06213> [hath made.]
wisdom <02451> [by his wisdom.]
spread <05186> [and hath.]
thunders <05414> [he uttereth.]
roar <01995> [there is.]
roar <01995> [multitude. or, noise. and he causeth.]
unleashes <03318> [bringeth.]
idolaters .......... goldsmith <0120 06884> [Every.]
stupid and ignorant <01847 01197> [brutish by his knowledge. or, more brutish than to know. for his.]
worthless <01892> [vanity.]
time <06256> [in the.]
portion <02506> [portion.]
created <03335> [the former.]
people <07626> [the rod.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
war club <04661> [art.]
smash ....... destroy <05310 07843> [with thee. or, in thee, or, by thee. break.]
destructive <04889> [I am.]
destructive <04889> [O destroying.]
destroys <07843> [which destroyest.]
make <05414> [and will.]
use <03947> [shall not.]
desolate forever <05769 08077> [desolate for ever. Heb. everlasting desolations.]
Raise up <05375> [ye up.]
Prepare <06942> [prepare.]
Ararat <0780> [Ararat.]
Bochart reasonably concludes Ararat and Minni to be the greater and lesser Armenia; and Ashchenaz he thinks formed part of Phrygia near the Hellespont, part of that country being called Ascania by Homer. Cyrus had conquered Armenia, defeated Croesus king of Lydia, (B.C. 548,) and subdued several nations from the Egean sea to the Euphrates, before he marched against Babylon; and Xenophon also informs us that there were not only Armenians, but both Phrygians and Cappadocians in the army of Cyrus.
Ashkenaz <0813> [Ashchenaz.]
[Ashkenaz.]
horses <05483> [cause.]
After Cyrus had been the instrument in the hands of God of taking Babylon, he marched against Tomyris, queen of the Massaget‘, a Scythian nation, and was totally defeated, (B.C. 530.) The victorious queen, who had lost her son in a previous battle, was so incensed against Cyrus, that she cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, exclaiming, "Sattia te sanguine, quem sitisti."
kings <04428> [the kings.]
[Madia.]
earth ..................... land <0776> [the land.]
plans <04284> [every.]
soldiers <01368> [The mighty.]
Accordingly, the Babylonians, after the loss of a battle or two, never recovered their courage to the face the enemy in the field, they retired within their walls; and the first time that Cyrus came with his army before the place he could not provoke them to venture forth, though he challenged the king to fight a duel with him; and the last time he came he consulted with his officers respecting the best mode of carrying on the siege "since," said he, "they do not come out to fight."
gates <01280> [her bars.]
runner ... another .......... messenger <07323> [post.]
bringing news .... bring news <05046> [to shew.]
fords <04569> [the passages.]
<0582> [the men.]
threshing floor <01637> [is like.]
time ......... harvested <06256 01869> [it is time to thresh her. or, in the time that he thresheth her. the time.]
King <04428> [the king.]
drove .... out <03322> [he hath made.]
swallowed <01104> [swallowed.]
violence <02555> [The violence. Heb. My violence.]
relatives <07607> [flesh. or, remainder. inhabitant. Heb. inhabitress.]
stand up <07378> [I will plead. See on ch.]
pay .... back <05358> [take.]
dry up <02717> [and I will.]
heap <01530> [become.]
hissing <08322> [an hissing.]
roaring <07580> [roar.]
growling <05286> [yell. or, shake themselves.]
appetites <02527> [their heat.]
<03462> [and sleep.]
Babylon <08347> [Sheshach.]
Sheshach was probably an idol worshipped at Babylon, from which the city derived this name; and the festival which was held when the city was taken, when they were heated with wine, was perhaps observed in honour of it.
pride <08416> [the praise.]
object of horror <08047> [an astonishment.]
towns <05892> [cities.]
<0776> [a land.]
punish <06485> [I will punish.]
spit out <03318> [I will bring.]
nations <01471> [the nations.]
walls <02346> [the wall.]
out <03318> [go.]
save <04422> [deliver.]
courage <03824> [lest. or, let not.]
reports .......... report ... come ...... report <08052 0935> [a rumour shall.]
ruler .... ruler <04910> [ruler against.]
punish <06485> [I will.]
punish ... idols <06485 06456> [do judgment upon. Heb. visit upon.]
land <0776> [her whole.]
heaven <08064> [the heaven.]
destroyers <07703> [the spoilers.]
Babylon ........... just as ......... Babylon <01571 0894> [As Babylon, etc. or, Both Babylon is to fall, O ye slain of]
Israel and with Babylon shall fall the slain of all the country. hath.
<06405> [escaped.]
Remember <02142> [remember.]
Jerusalem <03389> [Jerusalem.]
ashamed <0954> [are confounded.]
disgrace <03639> [shame.]
foreigners <02114> [for strangers.]
punish <06485> [that I.]
idols <06456> [her graven images.]
This was verified when Xerxes destroyed all the temples of Babylon, B.C. 479.
mortally wounded <02491> [the wounded.]
climbs <05927> [mount.]
destroyers <07703> [from.]
put an end <06> [destroyed.]
waves <01530> [her waves.]
destroyer <07703> [the spoiler.]
warriors <01368> [her mighty.]
bows <07198> [every.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
drunk <07937> [I will.]
asleep forever <08142 03462 05769> [sleep a.]
King <04428> [the king.]
Babylon's thick wall <07342 02346 0894> [The broad walls of Babylon. or, The walls of broad Babylon.]
According to the testimony of Herodotus, the circumference of the walls of Babylon was 480 stadia, or 60 miles, their breadth 50 cubits, and their height 200 cubits; but when Darius became master of the place, B.C. 516, he took away all their 100 gates of brass, and beat down their walls to 50 cubits; and now not a vestige of these immense fortifications remains, to mark the site of this once mighty city!
completely demolished <06209> [broken. or, made naked. high gates.]
peoples <05971> [the people.]
Neriah <05374> [Neriah.]
Zedekiah <06667> [with. or, on the behalf of. quiet prince. or, prince of]
Menucha, or chief chamberlain.
make sure <07200> [and shalt see.]
read <07121> [read.]
destroy <03772> [to cut.]
[desolation. Heb. desolations.]
tie <07194> [thou shalt bind.]
This was the emblem of its overthrow and irretrievable ruin; and the same emblem is employed in Re 18:21, to denote the utter ruin of mystical Babylon.
Babylon <0894> [Thus shall.]
prophecies <03286> [they shall.]
<01697> [Thus far.]
twenty-one .............. eleven <0259> [A.M. 3406-3416. B.C. 598-588. one.]
[begin to reign. Heb. reigned. Libnah.]
did .......... done <06213> [he did.]
Jehoiakim <03079> [according.]
<05921> [through.]
Zedekiah <06667> [Zedekiah.]
ninth year <08141 08671> [A.M. 3414. B.C. 590. the ninth year.]
tenth ..... tenth month <06224 02320 06218> [in the tenth month.]
set up camp <02583> [pitched.]
fourth <07243> [A.M. 3416. B.C. 588. the fourth.]
famine <07458> [the famine.]
city ............. city ........................ city <05892> [the city.]
<0582> [all the men.]
captured <08610> [they took.]
Riblah <07247> [Riblah.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
put to death ................ put to death <07819> [slew.]
put to death ................ put to death <07819> [he slew.]
Zedekiah's eyes ................. led <05869 06667 05414> [put out the eyes of Zedekiah. Heb. blinded Zedekiah.]
chains <05178> [chains. or, fetters. prison. Heb. house of the wards.]
fifth <02549> [fifth.]
tenth <06218> [the tenth.]
It appears from the parallel passage of Kings, that Nebuzar-adan came from Riblah to Jerusalem on the seventh of the fifth month; but it seems that he did not set fire to the temple and city till the tenth day, being probably occupied on the intervening days in taking the vessels out of the house of the Lord, and collecting together all the riches that could be found. In memory of this calamity, the Jews devote two fasts to this day; the seventeenth of the fourth month, which falls in June, for the destruction of Jerusalem, and the ninth of the fifth month, which falls in July, for the destruction of the temple; both of which are mentioned by Zechariah as kept from this event till his time, a period of seventy years, under the names of the fast of the fourth month, and fast of the fifth month.
nineteenth <08672> [the nineteenth.]
captain .... royal guard <07227 02876> [captain of the guard. or, chief marshal. Heb. chief of the executioners, or slaughtermen, and so.]
served <05975> [served. Heb. stood before.]
burned down .............. including <08313> [burned.]
royal <04428> [the king's.]
tore <05422> [brake.]
exile <01540> [carried.]
poor <01803> [certain.]
pillars <05982> [pillars.]
movable stands <04350> [the bases.]
pots <05518> [caldrons.]
shovels <03257> [the shovels. or, instruments to remove the ashes.]
trimming shears <04212> [the snuffers.]
basins <04219> [bowls. or, basons]
pans <03709> [the spoons.]
censers <04289> [fire pans. or, censers.]
lampstands <04501> [and the candlesticks.]
two <08147> [two.]
bronze .......................... bronze <05178> [the brass. Heb. their brass. without.]
pillars <05982> [concerning.]
<02339> [fillet. Heb. thread.]
latticework <07639> [with network.]
pomegranate-shaped ornaments ........... pomegranate-shaped ornaments <07416> [all the.]
captain <07227> [the captain.]
Seraiah <08304> [Seraiah.]
Zephaniah <06846> [Zephaniah.]
doorkeepers <05592> [door. Heb. threshold.]
official <0259 05631> [an eunuch.]
king's advisers <04428 06440 07200> [were near the king's person. Heb. saw the face of the king.]
official army secretary <05608 06635 08269> [principal scribe of the host. or, scribe of the captain of the host.]
king <04428> [the king.]
Riblah <07247> [Riblah.]
Judah <03063> [Thus.]
seventh <07651> [A.M. 3404. B.C. 600. in the.]
eighteenth ... 832 <08083> [A.M. 3415. B.C. 589. the eighteenth.]
people <05315> [persons. Heb. souls.]
carried into exile <01540> [carried.]
thirty-seventh <07651> [A.M. 3442. B.C. 562. it came.]
twelfth <08147> [in the twelfth.]
Nearly answering to our 25th of April, A.M. 3442.
King ...................... King <04428 0894> [king of Babylon.]
<05375> [lifted up.]
This phrase is founded on the observation that those in sorrow hold down their heads; and, when comforted, or the cause of their sorrow removed, they lift up their heads.
kindly ..... gave <02896 05414> [kindly unto him. Heb. good things with him.]
gave <05414> [set.]
Gave him a more respectable seat than any of the captive princes.
took off <08138> [changed.]
Presented him with a caftan, or robe, as a mark of favour, as is still the practice in the East.
daily <08548> [he did.]
daily <08548> [there was.]
day <03117 01697> [every day a portion. Heb. the matter of the day in his day.]
