Ezekiel 4:1--32:32
take <03947> [take.]
brick <03843> [a tile.]
[Lebˆbnƒh <\\See definition 03843\\>,] {levainah,} generally denotes a brick, and Palladius informs us that the bricks in common use among the ancients were "two feet long, one foot broad, and four inches thick;" and on such a surface the whole siege might be easily pourtrayed. Perhaps, however, it may here denote a flat tile, like a Roman brick, which were commonly used for tablets, as we learn from Pliny, Hist. Nat. 1. vii. c. 57.
Jerusalem <03389> [even.]
Lay ................ Post <05414> [lay.]
battering rams <03733> [battering rams. or, chief leaders.]
iron frying ......... iron <04227 01270> [an iron pan. or, a flat plate, or slice.]
sign <0226> [This.]
left ................ number ........... bear <08042 04557 05375> [upon.]
place <07760> [and lay.]
bear <05375> [thou shalt bear.]
determined <05414> [I have.]
390 <07969> [three.]
This number of years will take us back from the year in which Judea was finally desolated by Nebuzar-adan, B.C. 584, to the establishment of idolatry in Israel by Jeroboam, B.C. 975. "Beginning from 1 Ki 12:33. Ending Jer 52:30."
40 days ...... day ... each <0705 03117> [forty days.]
This represented the forty years during which gross idolatry prevailed in Judah, from the reformation of Josiah, B.C. 624, to the same final desolation of the land. Some think that the period of 390 days also predicts the duration of the siege of the Babylonians, (ver. 9,) deducting from it five months and twenty-nine days, when the besiegers went to meet the Egyptians (2 Ki 25:1-4; Jer 37:5;) and that forty days may have been employed in desolating the temple and city. "Beginning from 2 Ki 23:3, 23. Ending Jer 52:30."
days ...... day ... each year <08141 03117> [each day for a year. Heb. a day for a year, a day for a year.]
<03559> [set.]
arm <02220> [and thine.]
will <05414> [I will.]
side .... other <06654> [from one side to another. Heb. from thy side to thy side.]
wheat <02406> [wheat.]
millet <01764> [millet.]
{Dochan,} in Arabic, {dokhn,} the {holcus dochna} of Forskal, is a kind of millet, of considerable use as a food; the cultivation of which is described by Browne.
spelt <03698> [fitches. or, spelt.]
{Kussemim} is doubtless [zea,] or spelt, as Aquila and Symmachus render here; and so LXX. and Theodotion, [olyra.] In times of scarcity it is customary to mix several kinds of coarser grains with the finer, to make it last the longer.
390 <07969> [three.]
drink ............ drink <08354> [shalt drink.]
[cake. a "round" thing.]
Ah <0162> [Ah.]
ceremonially <05315> [my soul.]
eaten <0398> [have I.]
unclean <06292> [abominable.]
cow's manure ..... excrement <06832 01561 01241> [cow's dung.]
Dried cow-dung is a common fuel in the East, as it is in many parts of England, to the present day; but the prophet was ordered to prepare his bread with human ordure, to shew the extreme degree of wretchedness to which the besieged should be exposed, as they would be obliged literally to use it, from not being able to leave the city to collect other fuel.
remove <07665> [I will.]
eat <0398> [eat.]
The prophet was allowed each day only twenty shekels weight, or about ten ounces, of the coarse food he had prepared, and the sixth part of a hin, scarcely a pint and a half, of water; all of which was intended to shew that they should be obliged to eat the meanest and coarsest food, and that by weight, and their water by measure.
rot <04743> [and consume.]
son <01121> [son.]
In this expressive emblem, the prophet represents the Jewish nation; his hair, the people; the razor, the Chaldeans; the cutting of the hair, the calamities and disgrace coming upon them; the balances, the exact distribution of the Divine judgments; the third part of the hair burnt, those destroyed in the city; the third part smitten with a knife, those slain in attempting to escape; the third part scattered to the winds, those who escaped to other countries; the few hairs in his skirt, those left with Gedaliah; and the burning of these, their destruction in Egypt.
take ............ Shave off ............. take <03947> [take.]
take ............ Shave off ............. take <03947> [then.]
Burn <01197> [shalt burn.]
city <05892> [the city.]
unleash <07324> [I will draw.]
few <04592> [a few.]
ends of your garment <03671> [skirts. Heb. wings.]
take <03947> [take.]
fire ......... fire <0784> [shall a fire.]
Jerusalem <03389> [This.]
placed <07760> [I have.]
defied <04784> [she hath.]
rejected <03988> [for they.]
carried <06213> [neither have done.]
execute <06213> [even I.]
among ...... watch <08432 05869> [in the.]
do ........ done ...... do <06213> [that which.]
The sentence here passed upon Jerusalem is very dreadful, and the manner of expression makes it yet more so: the judgments are various, the threatenings of them varied, reiterated; so that one may well say, Who is able to stand in God's sight when he is angry?
fathers .............. fathers <01> [the fathers.]
survivors <07611> [the whole.]
live <02416> [as I live.]
defiled <02930> [thou hast.]
detestable idols <08251> [detestable.]
withdraw ........... spare <01639 02550> [will I.]
<05869> [neither shall.]
third ...... die ............. third .............. third <07992 04191> [third part of.]
scatter <02219> [and I will scatter.]
unleash <07324> [and I will draw.]
This was particularly fulfilled in the destruction of those who retired to Egypt; and has been remarkably verified in the many persecutions and miseries which the Jews have suffered at different times, in the various countries into which they are dispersed.
anger <0639> [shall mine.]
rage ............................ rage <02534> [I will cause.]
appeased <05162> [I will be.]
spoken <01696> [spoken.]
make <05414> [I will.]
nations <01471> [the nations.]
example <04148> [an instruction.]
execute <06213> [when.]
deadly <07451> [the evil.]
remove <07665> [and will.]
<07451> [and evil.]
Plague <01698> [and pestilence.]
bring <0935> [and I.]
Lord <03068> [I the.]
word <01697> [And the word.]
This is a new prophecy, and was probably given after the 430 days of his lying on his left and right side were accomplished. By Israel here Judea is simply meant; not the ten tribes, who had long before been carried captive.
turn <07760> [set.]
mountains <02022> [the mountains.]
Mountains .................... mountains <02022> [Ye.]
Mountains .................... mountains <02022> [to the mountains.]
destroy <06> [and I will.]
incense altars <02553> [images. or, sun-images. and so.]
will ... down <05307> [and I.]
I will place <05414> [lay. Heb. give.]
dwellings <04186> [all your.]
cities <05892> [the cities.]
high places <01116> [and the.]
altars <04196> [your altars.]
works <04639> [your works.]
slain <02491> [slain.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
remember <02142> [remember.]
will .... I ... crushed <07665> [I am.]
eyes <05869> [their eyes.]
exiled ............................ loathe <07617 06962> [they shall.]
They shall humble themselves on account of their abominations, forsake their idolatry, and worship ME alone: and this they have done from the Babylonish captivity to the present day.
Clap <05221> [Smite.]
Ah <0253> [Alas.]
fall <05307> [fall.]
far <07350> [far off.]
by ...... vent <03615> [thus.]
dead <02491> [when.]
high <07311> [upon.]
stretch out <05186> [will I.]
desolate waste .... wilderness <08077 04057 04923> [more desolate than the wilderness. or, desolate from the wilderness. Diblath.]
[Almon-diblathaim.]
[Beth-diblathaim.]
Diblath was a city of Moab and appears from parallel passages to have been situated between Dibon and Abarim or Nebo.
land <0127> [unto.]
end ... end <07093> [An end.]
Two or three MSS. read {ketz ba, ba hakketz,} "the end cometh, come is the end;" which is supported by all the ancient versions.
release <07971> [and I.]
judge <08199> [will judge.]
I will .... accountable <05414> [recompense. Heb. give.]
<05869> [mine.]
suffer <05414> [but.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
end ............ end <07093> [An end.]
This is similar to the second verse; but there is a paronomasia, or play upon words, here, deserving of notice: {ketz ba, ba hakketz, haikeetz ailayich,} "the end cometh, come is the end: it waketh for thee." {Ketz,} is an end; {haikeetz,} is to wake or watch.
comes .... comes .... awakened against ....... you ..... coming <06974 0935> [watcheth for thee. Heb. awaketh against thee.]
comes .... comes ..... against ........... coming <0935> [behold.]
Doom <06843> [morning.]
time <06256> [the time.]
day <03117> [the day.]
shouts <01906> [sounding again. or, echo.]
pour <08210> [pour.]
vent <03615> [accomplish.]
judge <08199> [and I.]
behavior .................... know <01870 03045> [thee. Heb. upon thee. and ye.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
coming <0935> [behold, it.]
Doom <06843> [the morning.]
staff <04294> [the rod.]
pride <02087> [pride.]
Violence <02555> [Violence.]
crowd <01995> [none.]
crowd <01995> [multitude. or, tumult. theirs. or, their tumultuous persons. neither.]
time <06256> [time.]
customer <07069> [let.]
wrath <02740> [for.]
seller <04376> [the seller.]
both .... alive ....................... life <02416> [they were yet alive. Heb. their life were yet among the living. neither.]
iniquity <05771> [in, etc. or, whose life is in his iniquity. the iniquity of his life. Heb. his iniquity.]
blown <08628> [have.]
anger <02740> [for.]
Their survivors <06403> [they.]
doves <03123> [like.]
moan <01993> [mourning.]
hands <03027> [hands.]
urine <04325 03212> [be weak as water. Heb. go into water.]
<02296> [shall also.]
terror <06427> [and horror.]
discard <07993> [shall cast.]
filth <05079> [removed. Heb. for a separation, or uncleanness. they shall not.]
[it is the stumbling-block of their iniquity. or, their iniquity is their stumbling-block.]
beauty <06643> [the beauty.]
made <06213> [but.]
rendered ....................... render ... filthy <05079 07760 05414> [set it far from them. or, made it unto them an unclean thing.]
face <06440> [face.]
Vandals <06530> [robbers. or, burglars.]
chain <07569> [a chain.]
land <0776> [for.]
bring <0935> [I will bring.]
possession <03423> [they shall.]
That is, "the Chaldeans shall possess the houses of the Jews." The antecedents of pronouns are thus frequently understood in Hebrew poetry.
arrogance <01347> [I will also.]
arrogance <01347> [the pomp.]
That is, the magnificence of their greatest and haughtiest princes.
be desecrated <02490 06942> [their holy places shall be defiled. or, they shall inherit their holy places.]
Terror <07089> [Destruction. Heb. Cutting off. and they.]
Disaster ... disaster ... come <01943 0935> [Mischief shall.]
seek <01245> [then.]
instruction <08451> [but.]
elders <02205> [ancients.]
king <04428> [king.]
deal <06213> [I will.]
justice <04941> [according to their deserts. Heb. with their judgments.]
know <03045> [and they.]
sixth year .... sixth <08141 08345> [in the sixth year.]
elders <02205> [and the.]
hand <03027> [that the.]
I watched <07200> [I beheld.]
glow <02830> [amber.]
Amber is a hard, inflammable, bituminous substance, of a beautiful yellow colour, very transparent, and susceptible of an exquisite polish. When rubbed it is highly endowed with electricity; a name which the moderns have formed from its Greek name [elektron.] But, as amber becomes dim as soon as it feels the fire, and is speedily consumed, it is probable that the original {chashmal,} which Bochart derives from the Chaldee {nechash,} copper, and {melala,} gold, was a mixed metal, similar to that which the Greeks called [elektron,] electrum, as the LXX. and Vulgate render, from its resemblance to amber in colour.
stretched out <07971> [he put.]
wind <07307> [the spirit.]
door <06607> [to the door.]
statue <05566> [the image.]
provokes <07069> [provoketh.]
look up ....... looked up <05375> [lift.]
gate <08179> [at the.]
see ........................... see <07200> [seest.]
great ...................... greater ... than <01419> [even.]
far <07368> [that I.]
great ...................... greater ... than <01419> [greater.]
practicing <06213> [that they.]
figure <08403> [and behold.]
These images portrayed on the wall were no doubt the objects of Egyptian idolatry, the ox, ape, crocodile, ibis, beetle, etc., as we find those idols were painted on the walls of the tombs of kings and nobles.
figure <08403> [every.]
Seventy <07657> [seventy.]
Shaphan <08227> [Shaphan.]
men ........................ each <0376> [every.]
see ................................. see <07200> [hast.]
elders <02205> [ancients.]
dark ..... chamber <02822 02315> [in the.]
see ................................. see <03068 07200> [The Lord seeth.]
greater <01419> [greater.]
north <06828> [toward.]
see ........ see <07200> [Hast.]
greater ... than <01419> [greater.]
inner <06442> [the inner.]
entrance <06607> [at the door.]
twenty-five <02568> [about.]
backs <0268> [with their.]
facing <06440> [their faces.]
worshiping <07812> [and they.]
It seems that the Jews had incorporated every species of idolatry into their worship, Egyptian, Phoenician, and Persian; for this evidently was the Magian worship of the sun.
trivial <07043> [Is it a light, etc. or, Is there any thing lighter than to commit, etc. for.]
putting <07971> [they put.]
So the Vulgate has, {applicant ramum ad nares suas,} "they apply the branch to their nose;" which Jerome explains by "a branch of the palm tree with which they adored the idols;" and it seems plainly to allude to the Magian fire-worshippers, who, Strabo tells us, held a little bunch of twigs in their hand, when praying before the fire.
act <06213> [will I also.]
shouted <07121> [and though.]
shouted <07121> [cried.]
destruction <06486> [Cause.]
six <08337> [six.]
upper <05945> [the higher.]
faces <06437> [lieth. Heb. is turned. slaughter weapon. Heb. weapon of his breaking in pieces. and one.]
kit <07083> [ink-horn.]
{Keseth,} (in Chaldee, {kista,} Syriac, {kesto,} Ethiopic, {kasut,}) denotes a bottle, or vessel to hold any fluid; and being here united to {sophair,} a writer, is not improperly rendered as an ink-horn: so one of the editions of Aquila, [melandocheion,] and Vulgate, {atramentarium.} Dr. Shaw informs us, that among the Moors, "the {Hojas,} i.e., writers or secretaries, suspend their ink-horns in their girdles."
side <04975> [by his side. Heb. upon his loins. beside.]
[set a mark. Heb. mark a mark.]
moan <0584> [that sigh.]
listened <0241> [hearing. Heb. ears.]
through <05674> [Go.]
wipe ... out <04889> [utterly. Heb. to destruction. old.]
touch <05066> [but.]
Begin ....... began <02490> [and begin.]
Old men ............................... elders <02205> [at the.]
threw <05307> [that I.]
Ah <0162> [Ah.]
sin <05771> [The iniquity.]
land ..................... land <0776> [and the land.]
[full of. Heb. filled with. perverseness. or, wresting of judgment.]
Lord ... abandoned ...... Lord <03068 05800> [The Lord hath.]
eye <05869> [mine.]
repay <05414> [but.]
back word <07725 01697> [reported the matter. Heb. returned the word. I have.]
watched ....................... appearing <07200> [I looked.]
platform <07549> [in the.]
top <07218> [above.]
resembling <04758> [as the.]
man <0376> [unto.]
Go ......................... went <0935> [Go.]
hands <02651> [thine hand. Heb. the hollow of thine hand. coals.]
scatter <02236> [scatter.]
cloud <06051> [and the.]
glory ................................... glory <03519> [the glory.]
Then <07311> [went up. Heb. was lifted up. and the house.]
sound ................. sound <06963> [the sound.]
outer <02435> [outer.]
sound ................. sound <06963> [the voice.]
stretched out <07971> [stretched forth. Heb. sent forth. unto the.]
left <03318> [and went.]
four <0702> [behold.]
gleamed <05869> [as the.]
jasper <08658> [a beryl.]
{Tarshish} is generally rendered by the LXX. and the Vulgate the chrysolite, so called by the ancients (from [chrusos (chrysos) <\\See definition 5557\\>,] gold, and [lithos <\\See definition 3037\\>,] a stone,) because of its fine gold yellow colour. It is now called by the moderns the topaz; is a very beautiful and valuable gem in its pure and perfect state, though very rarely found so; and the finer pieces of it are in hardness second only to the diamond. The Vulgate, however, in ch. 1:16, renders, {quasi visio maris,} "as the appearance of the seas," i.e., azure; and Dr. Geddes (on Ex 28:10) says, that, with {Abarbanel,} he believes the beryl to be intended. It is a pellucid gem, called by our lapidaries, {aqua marina,} of a sea or bluish green colour, found in the East Indies and about the gold mines of Peru. The genuine beryl never receives any other mixture of colour; and in its perfect state approaches the hardness of garnet.
four <03212 0702> [they went upon.]
head <07218> [whither.]
bodies <01320> [body. Heb. flesh. were.]
called <07121> [it was cried, etc. or, they were called in my hearing,]
Wheel, or Galgal.
first ...... a <0259> [every.]
faces ...... face .... cherub <06440 03742> [the face of a cherub.]
In ch. 1:10, instead of "the face of a cherub," it is "the face of an ox:" hence a cherub was in the likeness of an ox, at least as to its head. The extraordinary shape of these angelic beings, which appeared to the prophet in vision, is manifestly symbolical; for it is not to be supposed that these heavenly beings are really thus formed. The four faces, wings, and the arms of a man, denote the sublime qualities of these immediate ministers of the Deity; qualities entirely essential to fill up the extent of their duty. The face of a man denotes their intelligence; of a lion, their intrepid courage; of an ox, their patience and perseverance in labour; and of an eagle, their great penetration, their sublime sight into heavenly things, and their readiness to rise up into all that is great and divine. The wings being stretched out, signifies their readiness and rapidity in obeying the commands of their Master; the wings bent down, denotes their profound respect before the Lord of the Universe; and the man's arms under the wings, shew that zeal produces application and labour.
rose <07426> [lifted.]
living <02416> [This.]
spirit <07307> [for.]
living <02416> [of the living creature. or, of life.]
glory <03519> [the glory.]
stopped <05975> [and stood.]
cherubim <03742> [the cherubims.]
east <06931> [of the east.]
glory <03519> [and the glory.]
living <02416> [the living.]
River <05104> [the river.]
knew <03045> [and I.]
Each ... four ..... four <0702> [had four.]
form <01823> [and the.]
form <01823> [the likeness.]
<03212> [they went.]
wind <07307> [the spirit.]
east <06931> [the east.]
entrance <06607> [behold.]
Jaazaniah <02970> [Jaazaniah.]
Pelatiah <06410> [Pelatiah.]
[It is not, etc. or, It is not for us to build houses near.]
cooking pot <05518> [this city.]
Spirit ................................... minds <07307> [the Spirit.]
said .... Say ....... says ....... thinking <0559> [Speak.]
said .... Say ....... says ....... thinking <0559> [Thus have.]
know <03045> [for.]
corpses <02491> [Your.]
take ... out <03318> [but.]
will <05414> [and deliver.]
execute <06213> [and will.]
die ...... will <05307> [fall.]
border <01366> [in.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
[for we have not walked. or, which have not walked.]
behaved .......... you <06213> [but.]
prophesying <05012> [And it.]
Whilst the prophet, in vision, was delivering this message to the princes, Pelatiah suddenly died; and it is highly probable the he was actually struck dead at this very time, in so remarkable a manner as to render the vision much noticed. The prophet, alarmed and distressed for the welfare of his people, anxiously enquired whether the Lord meant to destroy the remnant of Israel.
prophesying <05012> [when.]
Then ... threw .... down <05307> [Then.]
Alas <0162> [Ah.]
brothers <0251> [thy brethren.]
gone far away <07368> [Get.]
inhabitants ................. land <03427 0776> [unto.]
say ........ says <0559> [Thus saith.]
little <04592> [as a.]
give ........ put .................... give <05414> [I will give.]
give ........ put .................... give <05414> [I will put.]
remove <05493> [I will take.]
<03212> [they may.]
people <05971> [and they.]
hearts <03820> [whose.]
detestable things <08251> [their detestable.]
repay <05414> [I will.]
glory <03519> [the glory.]
east <06924> [which.]
wind ..................... Spirit <07307> [the spirit.]
Babylonia <03778> [into.]
vision ............ vision <04758> [So.]
living <03427> [thou.]
eyes <05869> [which.]
rebellious ........................ rebellious <04805> [for.]
pack <06213> [prepare.]
belongings <03627> [stuff. or, instruments.]
By stuff our translators meant furniture or goods, as the word frequently denotes in our early writers; but the original, {keley,} has not only this sense (as in ver. 4,) but is also used for any kind of utensils or instruments whatever; and here probably denotes carriages, or other means for removing goods. This was intended to signify that the captivity was at hand.
although <07200> [it may.]
evening <06153> [at even.]
exile ..................... exile <04161 01473> [they that go forth into. Heb. the goings forth of.]
hole .... wall <02864 07023> [Dig thou. Heb. Dig for thee.]
This was to shew that Zedekiah should escape from the city through a breach in the wall.
cover <03680> [thou shalt.]
This intimated that Zedekiah should steal out of the city in the twilight, carrying on his shoulders some of his property, with his head covered, not only as in distress but to escape detection. These prophecies, which were accurately fulfilled, are supposed to have been delivered in the sixth year of Zedekiah, five years before the taking of Jerusalem.
cover <03680> [cover.]
made <05414> [for I.]
did ...... commanded <06213 06680> [I did so.]
carried out .......................... out <03318> [I brought.]
dug <02864> [digged. Heb. digged for me.]
rebellious <04805> [the rebellious.]
doing <06213> [What.]
burden <04853> [This.]
prince <05387> [prince.]
That is, Zedekiah king of Judah.
object lesson <04159> [I am.]
exile <03212 01473> [remove and go. Heb. by removing go.]
net <07568> [My net.]
This was to intimate, that though he escaped out of the city, the Chaldeans should overtake him, and carry him to Babylon. Jeremiah had predicted that his "eyes should see the eyes of the king of Babylon," and here Ezekiel foretold that he should not see Babylon, though he should die there; and Josephus says that he thought the two prophecies so inconsistent with each other, that he believed neither; yet both were exactly fulfilled, and the enigma of Ezekiel explained, when Zedekiah was brought to Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah, where he had his eyes put out, and was then carried to Babylon, and there died.
bring <0935> [and I.]
scatter <02219> [I will scatter.]
unleash <07324> [I will draw.]
But .......... survive <03498> [I will.]
number <04557 0582> [a few men. Heb. men of number.]
confess <05608> [that they.]
know <03045> [and they.]
anxiety <01674> [with carefulness.]
land ................... land <0776> [that her.]
contains <04393> [all that is therein. Heb. the fulness thereof.]
violence <02555> [because.]
proverb <04912> [what.]
days <03117> [The days.]
proverb <04912> [I will.]
days <03117> [The days.]
speak ..... speak ..................... speak <01696> [I will.]
days <03117> [in your.]
rebellious <04805> [O rebellious.]
<07227> [for.]
words ........ word <01697> [There shall.]
prophesy .... prophets ....... prophesying ..... prophets <05012 05030> [prophesy against.]
prophesy .... prophets ....... prophesying ..... prophets ...... imagination <05012 05030 03820> [prophesy out of. Heb. are prophets out of.]
Hear <08085> [Hear.]
Woe <01945> [Woe.]
foolish <05036> [foolish.]
follow <01980> [follow. Heb. walk after. have seen nothing. or, things which they have not seen.]
prophets <05030> [prophets.]
Crafty, mischievous, and ravenous; always scheming something for their own interest; while they would not risk their persons to avert the mischief which they had caused.
jackals <07776> [like.]
up <05927> [have not.]
breaks <06556> [gaps. or, breaches.]
repaired ... wall <01447 01443> [made up the hedge. Heb. hedged the hedge. to stand.]
day <03117> [the day.]
see <02372> [have seen.]
lie <03577> [lying.]
say <0559> [saying.]
expect <03176> [made.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
declares <05002> [behold.]
hand <03027> [mine.]
council <05475> [assembly. or, secret, or council. neither shall they be.]
enter <0935> [neither shall they enter.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
led <02937> [seduced.]
well ...... well <07965> [Peace.]
builds <01129> [and one.]
These false prophets pretend to be a wall of defence; but their wall is bad, and their morter is worse. One gives a lying vision; another pledges himself that it is true; and the people believe what they say, and trust not in God, nor turn from their sins.
wall <02434> [a wall. or, a slight wall. others.]
deluge <07857> [there shall.]
It shall wash off this bad morter, sweep away the wall, and level it with the earth. In the East, where the walls are often built with unbaked bricks, desolations of this kind are frequently occasioned by tempestuous rains.
whitewash <02915> [Where.]
violent <05591> [a stormy.]
hailstones <0417> [and great.]
foundation <03247> [the foundation.]
destroyed <03615> [ye shall be.]
know <03045> [and ye shall know.]
wall ................. wall <07023> [The wall.]
see visions <02377 02374> [see visions.]
peace ........ peace <07965> [and there.]
turn toward <07760 06440> [set thy.]
daughters <01323> [the daughters.]
who ... prophesying ..... Prophesy <05012> [prophesy.]
imagination <03820> [out of.]
Woe <01945> [Woe.]
sew <08609> [that sew.]
Rather,"that fasten cushions;" by which they intimated that they might indulge and repose themselves in security, for no enemy would disturb them. The apartments of the easterns are well supplied with cushions, on which they sit, lean, rest their heads, and prop up their arms.
wrists <0679> [armholes. or, elbows. hunt souls.]
lives ...... lives <02421> [will ye save.]
profaned <02490> [pollute.]
handfuls <08168> [for handfuls.]
death ...... die <04191> [to slay.]
alive ...... live <02421> [to save.]
wristbands <03704> [I am.]
like birds ... will ................ like birds <06524> [to make them fly. or, into gardens. and will.]
know <03045> [and ye shall.]
lies <08267> [with lies.]
encouraged <02388> [and strengthened.]
preserve <02421> [by promising him life. or, that I should save his life.]
Heb. by quickening him.
see ... visions <02372> [ye shall see.]
rescue <05337> [for I.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
men <0582> [certain.]
sat down <03427> [and sat.]
<0582> [these men.]
placed <05414> [and put.]
allow .... seek <01875> [should.]
speak <01696> [speak.]
Lord <03068> [I the Lord.]
capture <08610> [I may.]
alienated <02114> [estranged.]
Return Turn ...... turn <07725> [Repent.]
idols <01544> [yourselves. or, others. turn.]
foreigner <01616> [of the stranger.]
separates <05144> [separateth.]
erects <05927> [and setteth.]
consults <0935> [and cometh.]
[by.]
set <05414> [I will set.]
object lesson <0226> [a sign.]
cut ... off <03772> [I will cut.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
prophet ......................... prophet <05030> [if the.]
Lord <03068> [I the.]
That is, I have suffered him to be deceived; I have given him up to "strong delusions to believe a lie," as a just judgment upon him for going after idols, and setting up false pretensions to inspiration. God, according to the genius of the Hebrew language, is often said to do a thing, which he only suffers, or permits.
stretch <05186> [and I will.]
bear <05375> [they shall.]
punishment ... punishment ............... punishment <05771> [the punishment.]
house <01004> [the house.]
defile <02930> [neither.]
people <05971> [that they.]
country <0776> [when.]
cut off <07665> [break.]
kill <03772> [and will cut.]
three <07969> [these.]
Noah <05146> [Noah.]
Daniel <01840> [Daniel.]
Job <0347> [Job.]
save <05337> [deliver.]
<07451> [noisome.]
leaving <07921> [spoil. or, bereave.]
three <07969> [these.]
in it <08432> [in it. Heb. in the midst of it. as I live.]
could ........... save ..... lives <05337> [they shall.]
bring <0935> [I bring.]
I .... kill <03772> [so that.]
send <07971> [if I.]
pour <08210> [and pour.]
Noah <05146> [Noah.]
Daniel <01840> [Daniel.]
Daniel, says Abp. Newcombe, was "taken captive in the third year of Jehoiakim, (Da 1:1.) After this, Jehoiakam reigned eight years, (2 Ki 23:36.) And this prophecy, as appears from ch. 8:1, was uttered in the sixth year of Jehoiachin's captivity, who succeeded Jehoiakim, and reigned only three months, (2 Ki 24:6, 8.) Therefore, at this time, Daniel had been fourteen years in captivity;" and was, as is generally supposed, about thirty years of age.
righteousness <06666> [by.]
send <07971> [How much more when. or, Also when. my four.]
Yet some <03498> [behold, therein.]
see <07200> [ye shall see.]
consoled <05162> [ye shall be.]
done ...... done <06213> [that I have not.]
vine <01612> [What.]
The vine is only noble and useful while producing fruit: for, when cut down, its wood is fit only for fuel. So Israel, having ceased to be fruitful, they are good for nothing, but, like a withered branch of a vine, to be burnt.
woody ..... trees ......... wood <06086> [among.]
thrown <05414> [it is cast.]
fire ...... fire <0784> [the fire.]
useful <06743> [Is it meet. Heb. Will it prosper.]
made ............... made <06213> [meet. Heb. made fit.]
I will set <05414> [I will set.]
from <03318> [they shall.]
know <03045> [and ye shall.]
make <05414> [I will.]
unfaithfully <04604 04603> [committed a trespass. Heb. trespassed a trespass.]
Jerusalem <03389> [cause.]
abominable practices <08441> [abominations.]
origin <04351> [Thy birth. Heb. Thy cutting out, or habitation.]
Amorite <0567> [Amorite.]
Hittite <02850> [Hittite.]
birth <04138> [for.]
rubbed down ... salt <04935 04414> [to supple thee. or, when I looked upon thee. nor.]
eye <05869> [eye.]
thrown out <07993> [but thou.]
saw <07200> [and saw.]
kicking around helplessly <0947> [polluted. or, trodden under foot.]
Live ............. Live <02421> [Live.]
made <05414> [caused, etc. Heb. made thee a million.]
jewelry <05716> [excellent ornaments. Heb. ornament of ornaments.]
naked <05903> [whereas.]
noticing that <06256> [thy time.]
spread <06566> [and I.]
solemn <07650> [I sware.]
bathed ..... washed <07364 07857> [washed.]
blood <01818> [blood. Heb. bloods.]
fragrant <05480> [anointed.]
dressed <03847> [clothed.]
embroidered clothing <07553> [broidered.]
fine leather <08476> [badgers' skin.]
wrapped <02280> [I girded.]
covered <03680> [covered.]
put <05414> [I put.]
necklace <07242> [a chain.]
[forehead. Heb. nose.]
[ear-rings.]
necklace <07242> [and a.]
ate .............. attained the position <0398 06743> [thou didst.]
extremely <03966> [and thou wast.]
attained the position <06743> [and thou didst.]
fame <08034> [thy renown.]
splendor <01926> [through.]
trusted <0982> [thou didst.]
prostitute <02181> [and playedst.]
fame <08034> [because.]
Raised from the most abject state to dignity and splendour by Jehovah, Israel became proud of her numbers, riches, strength, and reputation, forgetting that it was "through his comeliness which he had put upon them;" and thus departing from God, made alliances with heathen nations, and worshipped their idols.
capitalized <08210> [and pouredst.]
took <03947> [hast also.]
male <02145> [men. Heb. a male. and didst.]
This seems to intimate that the Israelites not only spent their own wealth and abundance in building and decorating idol temples, and in maintaining their worship, but that they made use of the holy vestments, and the various kinds of offerings which belonged to Jehovah, in order to honour and serve the idols of the heathen.
food <03899> [meat.]
soothing aroma <07381 05207> [a sweet savour. Heb. a savour of rest.]
sons <01121> [thy sons.]
sacrificed <02076> [and these.]
eat <0398> [be devoured. Heb. devour. Is this.]
children <01121> [my children.]
sacrificed <05674> [to pass.]
Woe Woe <0188> [woe.]
built <01129> [thou hast.]
chamber <01354> [eminent place. or, brothel house. and hast.]
head <07218> [at every.]
beauty <03308> [and hast made.]
Egyptians <01121> [with the.]
stretched <05186> [I have.]
cut off <01639> [and have.]
rations <02706> [thine.]
{Chukkach,} "thy portion;" the household provision of a wife--food, clothes, and money.
delivered <05414> [delivered.]
The Jews, under Manasseh, and the succeeding kings of Judah, made the temple itself the scene of their open and abominable idolatries, in addition to all their idol temples! which appears to be meant by "the eminent place," and "highplaces in every street," ver. 24. Allured by the prosperity of the Egyptians, they also connected themselves with them, and joined in their multiplied and abominable idolatries. And when Jehovah punished them by wars and famines, and by the Philistines, whose daughters are represented as ashamed of their enormous idolatries, instead of being amended, they formed alliances with the Assyrians, and worshipped their gods: and they even followed every idol which was worshipped between Canaan and Chaldea.
daughters <01323> [daughters. or, cities.]
ashamed <03637> [which.]
land <0776> [in the land.]
Babylonia <03778> [unto.]
sick <0535> [weak.]
deeds <04639> [the work.]
built ... chamber <01129 01354> [In that thou buildest thine. or, In thy daughters is thine, etc.]
<06213> [makest.]
scoffed <07046> [in that thou scornest.]
receive ...... give <05414> [give.]
receive ...... give <05414> [but thou.]
bribe <07809> [hirest. Heb. bribest.]
prostitute <02181> [O harlot.]
hear <08085> [hear.]
lust <05178> [Because.]
nakedness <06172> [and thy.]
blood <01818> [and by.]
adulteress <05003> [as women. Heb. with judgments of women, etc.]
murderer <08210> [shed.]
give <05414> [And I.]
For the enormous idolatries and cruelties of Judah and Jerusalem, Jehovah determined to gather together the surrounding nations, both those with whom they had formed alliances, as the Egyptians and Assyrians, and such as had always been inimical to them, as Edom, Ammon, Moab, and Philistia, to inflict, or to witness, his judgments upon them. Having exposed their enormous crimes to view, He would pass sentence upon them: He would give Jerusalem into the hands of the Chaldeans, who would destroy the city and temple which they had polluted; level their cities and high places with the ground; slay, plunder, and enslave the people.
destroy <02040> [they shall throw.]
strip <06584> [shall strip.]
beautiful jewelry <08597 03627> [thy fair jewels. Heb. instruments of thine ornament.]
summon <05927> [shall also.]
hack .... pieces <01333> [and thrust.]
burn down <08313> [burn.]
execute <06213> [and execute.]
Thus I will put ... stop <07673> [and I.]
rage <02534> [will I.]
angry <03707> [and will.]
remember <02142> [thou hast.]
enraged <07264> [but hast.]
repay <05414> [I also.]
proverbs ... quote ...... Like <04911> [every.]
mother <0517> [As is.]
[that loatheth.]
mother ......................... mother <0517> [your mother.]
older <01419> [elder.]
sister .............. younger sister <0269 06996> [thy younger sister. Heb. thy sister lesser than thou.]
daughters ............... daughters <01323> [her daughters.]
short ...... more <04592 06985> [as if that were a very little thing. or, that was loathed as a small thing.]
depraved <07843> [thou wast.]
majesty <01347> [pride.]
abundance <07653> [fulness.]
ease <02388> [neither.]
practiced <06213> [and committed.]
removed <05493> [therefore.]
Samaria <08111> [Samaria.]
righteous <06663> [justified.]
<06419> [which hast.]
bear ... disgrace .................................. So ...... bear ... disgrace <05375 03639> [bear thine.]
justify ............. than .......................... righteous <06663> [they are more.]
restore ... fortunes ... fortunes ......... fortunes .......... fortunes <07725 07622> [bring.]
among <08432> [in the midst.]
bear <05375> [thou mayest.]
consoling <05162> [in that.]
daughters ............ daughters ............. daughters <01323> [then.]
byword <08052> [was not.]
byword <08052> [mentioned. Heb. for a report, or a hearing. pride. Heb. prides, or excellencies.]
evil <07451> [thy wickedness.]
scorn <02781> [reproach.]
Aram <0758> [Syria. Heb. Aram.]
daughters ............ daughters <01323> [the daughters.]
despise <07590> [despise. or, spoil.]
bear <05375> [hast.]
bear <05375> [borne. Heb. borne them.]
deal ......... done <06213> [I will.]
despised <0959> [which.]
remember <02142> [I will remember.]
establish <06965> [I will establish.]
remember <02142> [remember.]
receive <03947> [when.]
give <05414> [I will.]
covenant <01285> [but not.]
establish <06965> [I will.]
know <03045> [and thou.]
remember <02142> [remember.]
silent <06610> [and never.]
atonement <03722> [when.]
great .... broad <01419> [A great.]
Nebuchadnezzar, so called from his towering ambition and rapaciousness.
great .... broad wings <03671 01419> [great wings.]
Extensive empire, both in length and breadth.
full <04392> [full.]
Numerous subjects, of various nations, and of different languages and manners.
multi-hued <07553> [divers colours. Heb. embroidering. came.]
Came against Judah and Jerusalem.
top <06788> [the highest.]
Jeconiah, whom he took captive to Babylon.
cedar <0730> [the cedar.]
The royal and ancient family of David.
topmost <07218> [the top.]
The princes of Judah.
land <0776> [into.]
land <0776> [a land. Chaldea. a city.]
Babylon, which by means of the Euphrates and Tigris, had communications with the richest and most distant nations.
seedlings ......... cultivated <02233> [the seed.]
Zedekiah, brother to Jeconiah.
seedlings ..... placed ..... cultivated plot <02233 07704 05414> [planted it in a fruitful field. Heb. put it in a field of seed.]
Made him king of Judea.
took <03947> [he placed.]
Made him dependent on Babylon, the city of great waters, as the willow is on humidity.
sprouted <06779> [it grew.]
branches <01808> [whose.]
The Jewish state had then no height of dominion; and Zedekiah was wholly dependent on Nebuchadnezzar.
another <0259> [another.]
Pharaoh-hophra, or Apries, king of Egypt.
twisted <03719> [did bend.]
Looked to him for support, in his intended rebellion.
field <07704> [soil. Heb. field.]
bear <05375> [and that.]
Though he was dependent on Babylon, yet he was in such a situation as would have enabled him to reign in credit, and be useful to his people.
prosper <06743> [Shall it.]
Shall he succeed in casting off the yoke of the king of Babylon, to whom he had sworn fealty?
rip out <05423> [shall he.]
He shall come and dethrone him, and carry him captive.
fruit <06529> [the fruit.]
The children of Zedekiah.
strong <01419> [even.]
prosper ..... wither completely ............ wither <06743 03001> [shall it.]
rebellious <04805> [to the.]
know <03045> [Know.]
king .......... king <04428> [Behold.]
came ............. brought <0935> [and led.]
took ............. put ....... took <03947 0935> [hath taken.]
took ............. put .... oath .... took <0423 03947 0935> [taken an oath of him. Heb. brought him to an oath.]
took ................... took <03947> [he hath also.]
kingdom <04467> [the kingdom.]
lowly <08217> [base.]
Or, low; a tributary kingdom, dependent on the king of Babylon.
keep ... treaty ....... stand <08104 01285 05975> [but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand. Heb. to keep his covenant, to stand to it.]
rebelled <04775> [he rebelled.]
sending <07971> [in.]
prosper <06743> [Shall he prosper.]
one ..... escape ........ escape <04422> [shall he escape.]
break <06565> [or shall.]
oath <0423> [whose oath.]
middle <08432> [even.]
Pharaoh <06547> [shall.]
when siege <08210> [by.]
despised <0959> [Seeing.]
Though Zedekiah's oath had been given to a heathen, a conqueror, and a tyrant, yet God considered the violation of it a most aggravated sin against Him, and determined to punish him for it.
gave <05414> [lo, he.]
escape <04422> [he shall.]
oath <0423> [surely.]
I ... throw <06566> [I will spread.]
judge <08199> [plead.]
choice men <04015> [all his fugitives.]
know <03045> [shall know.]
top <06788> [highest.]
tender <07390> [a tender.]
high <01364> [upon.]
raise <05375> [and it.]
live ........ live <07931> [under.]
trees ................ tree ........ tree ...... tree ........ tree <06086> [all the trees.]
low <08213> [have brought.]
Lord ............................. Lord ... spoken <03068 01696> [I the Lord have spoken.]
quoting <04911> [mean.]
land <0127> [the land.]
fathers <01> [The fathers.]
lives ..... life ......... life ......... who <05315> [all souls.]
lives ..... life ......... life ......... who sins <05315 02398> [the soul that.]
man <0376> [if.]
practices .... just <04941> [that, etc. Heb. judgment and justice.]
eat <0398> [not.]
pray <05375> [neither hath lifted.]
defile <02930> [neither hath defiled.]
oppress <03238> [hath not.]
back <07725> [hath restored.]
commit <01497> [hath spoiled.]
gives <05414> [hath given.]
engage <05414> [hath not.]
<07725> [hath withdrawn.]
<06213> [hath executed.]
follows <01980> [walked.]
righteous <06662> [is just.]
certainly live <02421> [he shall.]
violent <06530> [that is.]
violent <06530> [a robber. or, a breaker up of an house.]
sheds <08210> [a shedder.]
things <0251 0259> [the like to any one of these things. or, to his brother besides any of these.]
do <06213> [that.]
eats <0398> [eaten.]
oppresses <03238> [oppressed.]
acts <06213> [hath committed.]
engages <05414> [given.]
live <02425> [shall he.]
responsibility <01818> [blood. Heb. bloods.]
suppose <03205> [if he.]
notices ........ considers <07200> [that seeth.]
notices ........ considers <07200> [considereth.]
given in pledge <02258 02254> [withholden the pledge. Heb. pledged the pledge, or taken to pledge.]
gives <05414> [but hath.]
<07725> [hath taken.]
engage <03947> [that hath not.]
die <04191> [he shall not.]
surely live <02421> [he shall surely.]
die <04191> [even.]
son .......... son <01121> [Why.]
son .......... son <01121> [When.]
person ... sins <05315 02398> [soul that.]
suffer ........... suffer <05375> [bear.]
righteousness <06666> [righteousness.]
wicked <07563> [if the.]
observes <08104> [and keep.]
committed ........ does <06213> [and do.]
surely live <02421> [he shall surely.]
sins <06588> [his transgressions.]
righteousness <06666> [in his.]
actually delight <02654> [I any.]
turn <07725> [not that.]
righteous <06662> [when.]
practices ........ practices .... carry out ........ acts <06213> [and doeth.]
righteousness .................... righteous <06666> [All his.]
done .... sin <04603 02403> [in his.]
conduct ........... conduct ....... conduct <01870> [way.]
conduct ........... conduct ....... conduct <01870> [my.]
conduct ........... conduct ....... conduct <01870> [are.]
wicked <07563> [when.]
preserve <02421> [he shall.]
considered <07200> [he considereth.]
turned <07725> [turneth.]
judge <08199> [I will.]
each <0376> [every.]
Repent ... turn <07725> [Repent.]
wickedness <06588> [yourselves. or, others.]
iniquity <05771> [so.]
Throw <07993> [Cast.]
<06213> [make.]
die <04191> [for why.]
delight <02654> [I have.]
live <02421> [yourselves. or, others.]
sing <05375> [take.]
princes <05387> [the princes.]
lioness <03833> [A lioness.]
Judea, which possessed strength, courage, and sovereignty.
lay <07257> [she lay.]
Had confederacy with the neighbouring kings, and learned their manners.
cubs <01482> [her whelps.]
The sons of Josiah, who learned to be oppressive tyrants from the surrounding princes.
young lions <03715> [young lions.]
one <0259> [one.]
Jehoahaz, made king of Israel instead of Josiah, who became cruel and oppressive.
young lion <03715> [it became.]
trapped ....... him <08610> [he was.]
Taken prisoner by Pharaoh-necho, and brought into Egypt.
another <0259> [another.]
Jehoiakim.
young lion <03715> [a young lion.]
King of Judah.
walked <01980> [he went.]
Became a perfect heathen: he reigned eleven years, a monster of iniquity.
young lion <03715> [he became.]
strongholds <0490> [desolate palaces. or, widows. and the land.]
everything <04393> [the fulness.]
nations <01471> [the nations.]
<06566> [and spread.]
hooks <02397> [chains. or, hooks. and brought.]
voice <06963> [that his.]
mother <0517> [mother.]
vine <01612> [like.]
vineyard <01818> [blood. or, quietness, or, likeness. she was.]
branches <06058> [full. Many princes.]
strong <05797> [she had.]
Many powerful sovereigns, who rendered Judah very considerable among the nations.
<06967> [her stature.]
plucked up ...... thrown down <05428 07993> [she was.]
The kingdom was entirely ruined, and her princes cut off.
east <06921> [the east.]
strong <05797> [strong.]
fire <0784> [the fire.]
planted <08362> [she is.]
wilderness <04057> [in the wilderness.]
In Chaldea, whither they were carried captive.
dry <06723> [in a dry.]
fire <0784> [fire.]
The treachery of Zedekiah hath caused her utter ruin.
strong <05797> [she hath.]
lament ....... lament <07015> [This is.]
seventh <07637> [A.M. 3411. B.C. 593. in the seventh.]
The seventh year of the captivity of Jeconiah, and according to Usher, Monday, Aug. 27, 3411.
some <0582> [that certain.]
sat <03427> [and sat.]
coming <0935> [Are.]
surely <02416> [As I.]
pronounce ....... pronounce judgment son ..... confront <08199 01121 03045> [judge them. or, plead for them.]
confront <03045> [cause.]
day ....................... land <03117 0776> [In the.]
swore ...................... swore <03027 05375> [lifted up mine hand. or, sware. (and so ver. 6, etc.]
Ex 6:8, 9.)
known <03045> [and made.]
Lord <03068> [I am.]
swore <05375> [lifted.]
out <03318> [to bring.]
land ...... land ..................... lands <0776> [into.]
flowing <02100> [flowing.]
beautiful <06643> [which is.]
get rid of <07993> [Cast.]
detestable idols <08251> [the abominations.]
defile <02930> [defile.]
Lord <03068> [I am.]
rebelled <04784> [they rebelled.]
one <0376> [they did.]
<0559> [then I.]
acted <06213> [I wrought.]
before .............. bringing <05869> [in whose.]
gave <05414> [I gave.]
revealed ... regulations <03045 04941> [shewed them. Heb. made them to know. which.]
gave <05414> [I gave.]
reminder <0226> [to be.]
Lord <03068> [I am.]
rebelled <04784> [rebelled.]
rejected <03988> [and they.]
one <0120> [which.]
Sabbaths <07676> [and my.]
decided <0559> [I said.]
swore <05375> [I lifted.]
flowing <02100> [flowing.]
rejected <03988> [they.]
hearts <03820> [for their.]
They still had a hankering after the idolatries they had learned in Egypt, to which they added new idols, which they had seen in countries through which they had travelled, as those of the Midianites, Amorites, etc.
<05869> [mine.]
make <06213> [neither.]
said <0559> [I said.]
practices <02706> [the statutes.]
defile <02930> [defile.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
<03212> [walk.]
children <01121> [the children.]
one <0120> [if a man.]
pour out <08210> [I would.]
vent <03615> [accomplish.]
refrained from <07725> [I withdrew.]
acted <06213> [wrought.]
swore <05375> [lifted.]
scatter <06327> [that I.]
The predictions of the dispersion of Israel, delivered by Moses just before his death, are evidently here referred to: they received a partial accomplishment at the Babylonian captivity, but are more exactly fulfilling at this day.
observe <06213> [they had.]
eyes <05869> [their eyes.]
gave <05414> [I gave.]
The simple meaning of this place is, that when the Israelites had rebelled against God, despised his statutes, and polluted his sabbaths, in effect cast him off, and given themselves up wholly to their idols, then He, in a just judgment for their disobedience, abandoned them, "gave them up to a reprobate mind," (Ro 1:28,) and suffered them to walk after the idolatrous, cruel, and impious customs and ordinances of the heathen; by which they were ripened for the destruction which he intended to bring upon them, that they might learn to know God by his judgments, seeing they had despised his mercies. In the same sense God is said judicially to "send a strong delusion, that they should believe a lie," to those who "received not the love of the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness."
defiled <02930> [polluted.]
pass through <05674> [in that.]
first born <06363> [all that.]
know <03045> [to the end.]
speak <01696> [speak.]
fathers <01> [Yet.]
unfaithful <04603> [committed. Heb. trespassed.]
brought <0935> [when I.]
swore <05375> [the which.]
saw <07200> [they saw.]
aroma <05207> [their sweet.]
said <0559> [I said, etc. or, I told them what the high place was, or,]
Bamah. And the.
defile <02930> [Are ye.]
present <05375> [ye offer.]
seek ...................... seek <01875> [and shall.]
plan <05927> [that which.]
happen ...... be <01961> [We will.]
serve <08334> [to serve.]
powerful ..... outstretched <02389> [surely.]
bring <0935> [I will.]
judgment <08199> [and there.]
pass <05674> [pass.]
pass ......... bring <05674 0935> [I will.]
bond <04562> [the bond. or, a delivering.]
eliminate <01305> [I will purge.]
come <0935> [they shall.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
profaned <02490> [but.]
holy ............................................. holy things <06944> [in mine.]
These predictions received a partial accomplishment by the restoration of the Jews from the Babylonian captivity; but they seem chiefly to relate to the establishment of the Christian church, and more especially to the future conversion of the Jews, and their restoration to their own land.
house <01004> [there shall.]
choice <07225> [first-fruits. or, chief.]
aroma <05207> [with your.]
soothing aroma <07381 05207> [sweet savour. Heb. savour of rest. I bring.]
holiness among <06942> [and I will.]
know <03045> [ye shall.]
bring <0935> [when I.]
swore <05375> [for the which.]
remember <02142> [shall ye.]
despise <06962> [and ye shall.]
know <03045> [And ye shall.]
deal <06213> [when I.]
word <01697> [Moreover.]
This is the beginning of another prophecy, and properly belongs to the following chapter.
turn <07760> [set.]
south ....... south <01870 01864> [toward.]
Towards Judea, which lay south of Mesopotamia, where the prophet now dwelt.
speak out <05197> [and drop.]
open scrub <03293> [the forest.]
The city of Jerusalem, as full of inhabitants as the forest is of trees.
start a fire <03341> [I will kindle.]
I will send war; and it shall destroy all ranks and characters of the people.
green <03892> [green.]
flaming <03852> [the flaming.]
Negev ....................................................... Negev <05045> [from the south.]
speak <04911> [Doth.]
Is it not his usual custom to deal in enigmas? His figures are not to be understood; we should not trouble ourselves with them. God therefore commands the prophet to declare, in the next chapter, the same things in the plainest terms, so that they should not complain of his parables.
turn <07760> [set.]
speak <05197> [and drop.]
land <0127> [against.]
draw <03318> [Behold.]
draw <03318> [will draw.]
righteous <06662> [the righteous.]
everyone <01320> [against.]
everyone <01320> [all.]
sheathed <07725> [it shall.]
groan ........ groan <0584> [Sigh.]
aching <07670> [with the.]
eyes <05869> [before.]
groaning <0584> [Wherefore.]
report <08052> [For the.]
heart ............ everyone <03820 07307> [and every.]
hand <03027> [all hands.]
limp <03543> [faint.]
urine <04325 03212> [weak as water. Heb. go into water.]
come ............................. coming <0935> [it cometh.]
sword ... sword <02719> [A sword.]
sharpened <02300> [sharpened.]
<04178> [it is furbished.]
<0176> [should.]
scepter .... son ..... despises ... tree <03988 07626 01121 06086> [it contemneth the rod of my son, as every tree. or, it is the rod of my son, it despiseth every tree.]
gave ................... giving <05414> [to give.]
moan <03213> [howl.]
delivered up to <04048 0413> [terrors by reason of the shall be upon my. or, they are thrust down to the sword with my. smite.]
This was an expression of deep affliction.
testing <0974> [Because, etc. or, When the trial hath been, what then? shall they not also belong to the despising rod? a trial.]
despises <03988> [contemn.]
declares <05002> [it shall.]
strike <05221> [smite.]
hands ...... strike <05221 03709> [hands together. Heb. hand to hand. let the.]
surrounding <02314> [entereth.]
slaughter <019> [point. or, glittering, or fear. against.]
hearts <03820> [that their.]
made <06213> [it is made.]
drawn <04593> [wrapped up. or, sharpened.]
Cut sharply <0258> [Go.]
Swing <07760> [either.]
left <08041> [or on the left. Heb. set thyself, take the left hand.]
<05221> [smite.]
rage <02534> [and I.]
Rabbah <07237> [Rabbath.]
[Rabbah. the defenced.]
king <04428> [the king.]
fork <0517> [parting. Heb. mother. to use.]
arrows <02671> [he made.]
Or, as the Vulgate, "he mingled his arrows:" "They wrote on several arrows," says Jerome, "the names of the cities they intended to assault; and then putting them altogether promiscuously in a quiver, they drew then out thence as lots are drawn; and that city whose name was written on the arrow first drawn, was the city they first made war on."
arrows <02671> [arrows. or, knives. images. Heb. teraphim.]
battering rams ................. battering rams <03733> [captains. or battering rams. Heb. rams.]
shout out <07311> [to lift.]
set up ................. set up <07760> [to appoint.]
<07723> [as a.]
sworn solemn <07650 07621> [to them that have sworn oaths. or, for the oaths made unto them.]
accuse <02142> [but.]
accuse <02142> [call.]
transgressions <06588> [your transgressions.]
taken <08610> [ye shall.]
profane <02491> [profane.]
day <03117> [whose.]
off <05493> [Remove.]
<01361> [exalt.]
total ruin <05754> [I will overturn, overturn, overturn, it. Heb. Perverted, perverted, perverted, will I make it.]
arrives <0935> [until.]
son ................ Ammonites <01121> [concerning the.]
sword ... sword <02719> [The sword.]
seeing <02372> [they see.]
place <05414> [to bring.]
day <03117> [whose.]
Return <07725> [Shall I cause it to return. or, Cause it to return.]
judge <08199> [I will.]
place ......... land <04725 0776> [in the.]
pour <08210> [pour.]
blow <06315> [I will blow.]
<01197> [brutish. or, burning. and skilful.]
fuel <0402> [for fuel.]
blood <01818> [thy blood.]
remembered <02142> [thou shalt be no.]
This prophecy against the Ammonites was fulfilled about five years after the taking of Jerusalem; and their name has utterly perished from the face of the earth.
Lord <03068> [for I.]
pronounce judgment .... bloody <08199> [judge. or, plead for.]
bloody city <05892 01818> [bloody city. Heb. city of bloods.]
Then confront <03045> [thou shalt.]
[shew her. Heb. make her know. her abominations.]
spills <08210> [sheddeth.]
doom <06256> [that her.]
makes <06213> [and maketh.]
shed <08210> [that thou.]
day <03117> [and thou hast.]
make <05414> [have I.]
bad ... full ... turmoil <07227 04103 02931> [infamous and much vexed. Heb. polluted of name, much in vexation.]
princes <05387> [the princes.]
authority <02220> [power. Heb. arm.]
contempt <07043> [set.]
<06213> [dealt.]
oppressed <06233> [oppression. or, deceit.]
Slanderous men <07400 0582> [men that carry tales. Heb. men of slanders.]
eat <0398> [they eat.]
acts <06213> [they commit.]
sex <01540> [discovered.]
violate <06031> [humbled.]
obscenely <0376> [one. or, every one. committed.]
obscenely <0376> [another. or, every one. hath lewdly. or, hath by lewdness.]
sister <0269> [his sister.]
take bribes ............ charge <07810 03947> [taken gifts.]
take ............. charge .... extort <03947 01214> [thou hast.]
extort <01214> [greedily.]
forgotten <07911> [and hast.]
strike <05221> [I have.]
dishonest profit <01215> [thy dishonest.]
bloodshed <01818> [and at.]
heart <03820> [Thine heart.]
Lord <03068> [I the.]
scatter <06327> [scatter.]
<08552> [consume.]
profaned ...... sight <02490 05869> [take thine inheritance in thyself. or, be profaned in thyself.]
know <03045> [thou shalt know.]
house <01004> [the house.]
bronze <05178> [brass.]
in <08432> [in the midst.]
slag ..................... slag <05509> [dross. Heb. drosses.]
gather <06908> [I will.]
Jerusalem is here represented as the fining pot; all the people, who had become dross, are to be gathered together in it; and the fire of the Chaldeans, blown by the wrath of God, is to melt the whole. No ordinary means will avail to purge their impurities; the most violent must therefore be resorted to.
gathered <06910> [As they gather. Heb. According to the gathering. to blow.]
anger <0639> [in mine.]
blow <05301> [and blow.]
melted <05413> [and ye.]
know <03045> [ye shall know.]
princes <07195> [a conspiracy.]
roaring <07580> [like.]
tearing <02963> [ravening.]
That is, from the Saxon {reafian}, seizing and devouring it with eagerness and rapacity.
devoured <0398> [they have devoured.]
priests <03548> [priests.]
abuse <02554> [violated. Heb. offered violence to. profaned.]
distinguish <0914> [put no.]
ignore <05956 05869> [hid their.]
desecrated ................................ profaned <02490> [I am profaned.]
officials <08269> [princes.]
get dishonest <01214> [to get.]
prophets <05030> [prophets.]
The prophets employed all their ingenuity to varnish over the crimes of the princes, (the antecedent to them,) to palliate their offences, and to conceal their faults, while they were like ravening wolves, and took bribes to shed innocent blood. By these means they shared the dishonest gains with the princes, or availed themselves of their authority to gratify their avarice or revenge.
see <02374> [seeing.]
saying ...... sovereign ... says <0559 0136> [Thus saith the Lord.]
people <05971> [people.]
practiced extortion .............. oppressed <06231> [oppression. or, deceit. oppressed.]
justice <04941> [wrongfully. Heb. without right.]
looked <01245> [I sought.]
God, speaking after the manner of men, sought for some Moses, Phinehas, or Samuel, to stand in the gap on this occasion; but as he found none, its destruction was inevitable.
repair <01443> [make.]
poured <08210> [have I poured.]
hereby <01870> [their own.]
two <08147> [two.]
Egypt <04714> [in Egypt.]
youth <05271> [in their.]
name ........ name <08034> [the names.]
The kingdom of Israel, of which Samaria was the capital, containing ten tribes, and occupying a larger extent of country than that of Judah, is therefore called "her elder sister;" and Aholah, the name given to her, implies that the whole religious establishment in Israel was a human invention, a temple and service of their own, and not of God's appointment. Aholibah, the name given to Judah, implies that the worship established there was from God, and that His temple was truly at Jerusalem.
older <01419> [the elder.]
birth <03205> [they were.]
Oholah .......................... Oholah <0170> [Aholah. that is, His tent, or tabernacle.]
Oholibah ...................... Oholibah <0172> [Aholibah. that is, My tabernacle in her.]
Oholah <0170> [Aholah.]
The Israelites, in addition to their former gross idolatries, received the impure idolatrous worship of the Assyrians, who became their neighbours by the conquest of Syria.
lusted <05689> [doted.]
Assyrians <0804> [on the.]
desirable <02531> [all of.]
bestowed ... sexual favors <08457 05414> [committed her whoredoms with them. Heb. bestowed her whoredoms upon them.]
choicest young men ... Assyria <01121 0804 04005> [the chosen men of Assyria. Heb. the choice of the children of Asshur.]
idols <01544> [with all their.]
prostitution ..................... ravished <08457> [whoredoms.]
exposed <01540> [discovered.]
seized ........ her <03947> [they took.]
notorious <08034> [famous. Heb. a name.]
sister .............................. sister <0269> [her sister.]
corrupt .... lust <05691 07843> [was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she. Heb. she corrupted her inordinate love more than she. her sister in her whoredoms. Heb. the whoredoms of her sister.]
Assyrians ............ horses <01121 05483> [upon.]
governors <06346> [captains.]
both <08147> [that they.]
carved ......... carved <02707 02710> [pourtrayed.]
bright red <08350> [vermilion.]
belts <0232> [with girdles.]
officers <07991> [all of.]
looking like <04758> [look to.]
That is, "princes in appearance;" which seem to have been the deified men worshipped by the Chaldeans. The inhabitants of Judah, like the Israelites, connected themselves with the Assyrians, and were enamoured with their idols; and then with the Chaldeans, and followed their idols; still retaining their attachment to the Egyptians and their idolatrous rites.
saw <05869 04758> [as soon as she saw them with her eyes. Heb. at the sight of her eyes.]
sent <07971> [and sent.]
Babylonians <01121> [Babylonians. Heb. children of Babel.]
<05315> [and her.]
disgusted <03363> [alienated. Heb. loosed, or disjointed.]
exposed <01540> [discovered.]
I <05315> [then.]
increased <07235> [multiplied.]
remembering <02142> [in calling.]
stir <05782> [I will raise.]
<05315> [from.]
bring <0935> [and I.]
Babylonians ............. Assyrians <01121> [Babylonians.]
Chaldeans <03778> [the Chaldeans.]
Pekod <06489> [Pekod.]
Babylonians ............. Assyrians <01121> [the Assyrians.]
desirable <02531> [desirable.]
weapons <02021> [with chariots.]
assign <05414> [I will set.]
direct <05414> [I will set.]
cut off <05493> [they shall take away.]
This refers to the severe vengeance which enraged husbands took on their faithless wives: and implies that God would employ the Chaldeans to destroy the princes and priests of Judah, for violating their covenants and treaties. Such punishments were anciently common; and such is the present practice in one of the South Sea Islands.
seize ... sons <03947 01121> [they shall take thy.]
survivors ................ survivors <0319> [thy residue.]
strip <06584> [strip.]
beautiful jewelry <03627 08597> [fair jewels. Heb. instruments of thy decking.]
obscene <02154> [will I.]
prostitution <02184> [and thy.]
practiced <05375> [so that.]
These severe judgments shall effectually deter you from idolatry, and make you abhor the least approaches to it. This often repeated prediction has received a most wonderful accomplishment. For neither the authority, frowns, examples, or favour of their conquerors or powerful neighbours, nor their own fears, hopes, interests, or predilection for the sensual worship of idols, could prevail with them to run into gross idolatry, either during the captivity, or ever afterwards, to the present day, a period of 2,414 years.
hate <08130> [whom thou.]
treat <06213> [deal.]
nakedness <06172> [the nakedness.]
prostitution <02181> [thou hast.]
polluting <02930> [because thou art.]
followed ....... so <01980> [walked.]
cup <03563> [her.]
drink <08354> [drink.]
scorned <06712> [thou shalt be.]
overcome <04390> [filled.]
cup ........ cup ... horror <03563 08047> [with the cup of astonishment.]
drain ... dry <08354> [drink.]
tear out <05423> [and pluck.]
forgotten <07911> [Because.]
completely disregarded <07993> [and cast.]
says ............. bear <0559 05375> [therefore.]
willing ... pronounce <08199> [wilt.]
willing ... pronounce <08199> [judge. or, plead for.]
Oholah <0170> [Aholah.]
declare <05046> [declare.]
adultery ........... adultery ...... their <05003> [they have.]
blood <01818> [and blood.]
sons <01121> [have also.]
done ........... desecrated <06213 02930> [they have.]
profaned <02490> [and have.]
came <0935> [they came.]
done <06213> [thus.]
sent ............. set out <07971> [ye have.]
arrived <0935> [to come. Heb. coming.]
bathed <07364> [thou didst.]
painted <03583> [paintedst.]
{Kachalt aineych,} rendered by the LXX. [estibizou tous ophthalmous sou;] "thou didst paint thine eyes with stibium," and Vulgate {circumlinisti stibio oculos tuos,} "thou didst paint round thine eyes with stibium," or lead ore; whence it is called in Arabic {kochl,} and in Syriac {kecholo,} and {koochlo.}
decorated yourself <05710> [and deckedst.]
magnificent <03520> [stately. Heb. honourable.]
table <07979> [a table.]
placed <07760> [whereupon.]
sound <06963> [a voice.]
This seems to be an account of an idolatrous festival, perhaps that of Bacchus; in which a riotous and drunken multitude assembled, adorned with bracelets and chaplets, accompanied with music, songs, and dances.
men <07230> [common sort. Heb. multitude of men. were brought.]
<05436> [Sabeans. or, drunkards. bracelets.]
worn out <01087> [old.]
immoral acts <08457> [whoredoms with her. Heb. her whoredoms.]
had sex .............. had sex <0935> [so went.]
But ....... appropriately <06662> [the righteous.]
The Chaldeans, so called, because appointed by God to execute his judgment on these criminals.
adulteresses <05003 04941> [after the manner of adulteresses.]
adulteresses <05003> [because.]
up <05927> [I will.]
terror ... plunder <0957 02189> [to be removed and spoiled. Heb. for a removing and spoil.]
army <06951> [the company.]
slash ..... swords <01254 02719> [dispatch them. or, single them out.]
kill <02026> [shall slay.]
burn <08313> [and burn.]
obscene ................... obscene <02154> [I cause.]
women <0802> [that.]
repay <05414> [they shall.]
punished <05375> [ye shall bear.]
know <03045> [and ye shall know.]
ninth year <08141 08671> [A.M. 3414. B.C. 590. the ninth year.]
This was the ninth year of Zedekiah, about Thursday, January 30, A.M. 3414, the very day in which Nebuchadnezzar began the siege of Jerusalem.
write <03789> [write.]
very ............. very <06106> [of this.]
Recite <04911> [utter.]
rebellious <04805> [the rebellious.]
Set on .... set ... on <08239> [Set.]
choice <04005> [the choice.]
heap up <01754> [burn. or, heap.]
Woe <0188> [Woe.]
pot <05518> [to the pot.]
removed <03318> [bring.]
lot <01486> [let no.]
blood <01818> [her blood.]
pour <08210> [she poured.]
anger <02534> [it might.]
placed <05414> [I have set.]
Woe <0188> [Woe.]
pile <04071> [I will.]
spices <07543> [spice.]
Set ... empty <05975 07386> [set it.]
uncleanness <02932> [that the filthiness.]
The pot was Jerusalem; the flesh, the inhabitants in general: every good piece, the thigh and the shoulder, Zedekiah, his family, and princes; the bones, the soldiers; the fire and water, the calamities they were to suffer; and the setting on of the pot, the commencement of the siege.
tried ... patience <03811> [wearied.]
thick <07227> [her great.]
rot ......... rot <02457> [her scum.]
The pot being polluted with the scum, must be heated, melted, and even burned with fire till purified; that is, Jerusalem shall be entirely levelled with the ground, as nothing short of this will purify it from the relics of its idolatrous abominations.
uncleanness ...................... uncleanness <02932> [thy filthiness.]
cleanse ............ cleansed <02891> [because.]
anger <02534> [till I.]
Lord .................................. sovereign <03068 0136> [the Lord.]
pity <02347> [neither will I spare.]
conduct <01870> [according to thy ways.]
delight <04261> [the desire.]
jolt <04046> [with a.]
mourn <05594> [yet.]
tears <01832> [thy tears.]
shed <0935> [run. Heb. go.]
Groan ... silence <01826 0602> [Forbear to cry. Heb. Be silent.]
perform <06213> [make.]
rites <02280> [bind.]
put <07760> [put.]
cover <05844> [cover.]
lip <08222> [lips. Heb. upper lip, and so ver.]
eat <0398> [eat.]
food <0582 03899> [the bread of men.]
{Lechem anoshim,} not "the bread of mourners," as some render, but "the bread of other men," i.e., such as was commonly sent to mourners on such occasions by their friends.
evening <06153> [and at.]
desecrate <02490> [I will.]
pride <01347> [the excellency.]
delight <04261> [the desire.]
in which ....... life's passion <04263 05315> [that which your soul pitieth. Heb. the pity of your soul. your sons.]
rot <04743> [but.]
groan <05098> [and mourn.]
Ezekiel <03168> [Ezekiel.]
happens <0935> [when.]
know <03045> [ye shall.]
stronghold <04581> [their strength.]
concern .... lives <05315 04853> [that whereupon they set their minds. Heb. the lifting up of their soul. their sons.]
speak <06310> [thy.]
object lesson <04159> [shalt be.]
toward <06440> [thy face.]
Son ....... Ammonites <01121> [the Ammonites.]
Say .................... said <0559> [thou saidst.]
tribes <01121> [men. Heb. children.]
Josephus expressly states, that five years after the destruction of Jerusalem, Nebuchadnezzar turned his arms against the Ammonites and Moabites, and entirely subjugated them; and it is probable, that the Arabs, and other nations east of Judah, then took possession of their cities, and enjoyed the fruits of their land. The country of Moab and Ammon is now inhabited by the Bedouin Arabs; where they pasture their flocks, and, no doubt, make the ruins of Rabbah, their one proud capital, "a stable for camels," and other cattle. See Note on 2 Sa 12:26.
east <06924> [of the east.]
eat <0398> [they shall eat.]
Rabbah <07237> [Rabbah.]
[Rabbath.]
pasture <05116> [a stable.]
know <03045> [and ye.]
clapped <04222> [thou hast.]
hands <03027> [hands. Heb. hand. stamped.]
feet <07272> [feet. Heb. foot. rejoiced.]
intense <05315> [heart. Heb. soul.]
stretched <05186> [I will stretch.]
hand <05414> [and will.]
<0957> [a spoil. or, meat.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
Seir <08165> [Seir.]
house <01004> [the house.]
flank <03802> [side. or, shoulder. Beth-jeshimoth.]
Baal Meon <01186> [Baal-meon.]
Ammonites .... tribes ........ Ammonites <01121> [the men.]
Ammonites .... tribes ........ Ammonites <01121> [with the Ammonites. or, against the children of Ammon.]
remembered among <02142> [may.]
execute <06213> [I will.]
Moab <04124> [upon.]
know <03045> [and they.]
Edom <0123> [Because.]
vengeance ............... vengeance <05359 05358> [taking vengeance. Heb. revenging, revengement.]
stretch <05186> [I will also.]
kill <03772> [and will.]
Teman <08487> [Teman.]
Dedan .... die .... sword <05307 02719 01719> [of Dedan shall fall by the sword. or, shall fall by the sword unto Dedan.]
hand <03027> [by the hand.]
This was fulfilled by the Maccabees, who not only entirely subjugated them, but obliged them to receive circumcision.
experience <03045> [and they shall know.]
Philistines <06430> [Because.]
exacted <06213> [dealt.]
destroy <04889> [to destroy.]
unrelenting hostility <0342 05769> [for the old hatred. or, with perpetual hatred.]
stretch <05186> [I will stretch.]
These predictions against the Philistines, Edomites, and others, seem to have been fulfilled by by Nebuchadnezzar during the siege of Tyre. Berosus states that he subdued Syria, Arabia, Phoenicia, and Egypt; and now their very names have no existence, except in history.
Cherethites <03774> [Cherethims.]
[Cherethites. and destroy.]
seacoast <03220> [sea coasts. or, haven of the sea.]
exact <06213> [I will.]
vengeance .................... vengeance <05360> [vengeance. Heb. vengeances. they shall.]
Tyre <06865> [Tyrus.]
Aha <01889> [Aha.]
gateway <01817> [the gates.]
broken .... swung <07665 05437 02717> [she is.]
Tyre <06865> [Behold.]
These verses (3-6) contain a summary prediction of what befel both the continental and insular Tyre, during a long succession of ages. The former was totally destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, after a siege of thirteen years, B.C. 573; and the latter, which arose out of its ruins, after seventy years recovered its ancient wealth and splendour, as foretold by Isaiah, (ch. 23:15-17.) After it was taken and burnt by Alexander, B.C. 332, it speedily recovered its strength and dignity, and nineteen years afterwards withstood both the fleets and armies of Antigonus. Agreeably to the prophetic declarations, (Ps 45:12; 72:10. Isa 23:18. Zec 9:1-7,) it was early converted to Christianity; and after being successively taken by the Saracens, Christians, Mamalukes, and Turks, in whose hands it still remains, it became "a place for the spreading of nets."
Tyre <06865> [I am.]
many <07227> [many.]
sea <03220> [as the sea.]
destroy <07843> [destroy.]
scrape <05500> [I.]
make <05414> [make.]
place where fishing .... spread <04894> [the spreading.]
plunder <0957> [and it.]
daughters <01323> [her daughters.]
know <03045> [and they.]
bring <0935> [I will.]
King ..... king ... kings <04428> [a king.]
horses <05483> [with horses.]
build <05414> [he shall make.]
erect ... siege ramp <05550 08210> [cast a mount. or, pour out the engine of shot.]
horses <08229> [the abundance.]
shake <07493> [shake.]
enters ....... invade <0935 03996> [enter.]
invade .... city's broken <03996 05892 01234> [as men enter into a city wherein is made a breach. Heb. according to the enterings of a city broken up.]
hoofs <06541> [hoofs.]
streets ...... people ....... strong <02351 05971 05797> [thy.]
steal <07997> [make a spoil.]
merchandise <07404> [thy merchandise.]
luxurious homes <02532 01004> [thy pleasant houses. Heb. houses of thy desire.]
[they shalt lay.]
The ruins of old Tyre contributed much to the taking of the new city; for with the stones, timber, and rubbish, Alexander built a bank, or causeway, from the continent to the island, thereby literally fulfilling the words of the prophet.
make <05414> [I will.]
Old Tyre was never rebuilt after its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar; and there are now no traces left to mark its site. The new city, when visited by Maundrell, Bruce, and other travellers, was literally "a place for fishers to dry their nets on."
bare <06706> [like.]
built <01129> [be built.]
Lord <03068> [for I.]
shake <07493> [shake.]
princes <05387> [all the princes.]
vacate <03381> [come.]
clothe <03847> [clothe.]
trembling <02731> [trembling. Heb. tremblings. sit.]
tremble <02729> [tremble.]
shocked <08074> [be astonished.]
<05375> [take.]
perished <06> [How art.]
seas ......... sea <03220> [seafaring men. Heb. the seas. strong.]
coastlands ... tremble ......... coastlands <02729 0339> [the isles tremble.]
passing <03318> [at thy.]
up <05927> [bring.]
bring ... down .......... descend ........................ descend <03381> [I shall bring.]
ruins <02723> [in places.]
stand <05414> [and I shall set.]
earth ........................ land <0776> [in the land.]
terrors <01091> [a terror. Heb. terrors.]
sought <01245> [though.]
sits <03427> [O thou.]
Tyre was situated in the Mediterranean, at the nearest entrance to it from the interior and eastern part of Asia.
merchant <07402> [a merchant.]
perfectly <03632> [I am.]
perfectly beautiful <03308 03632> [of perfect beauty. Heb. perfect of beauty.]
heart <03820> [midst. Heb. heart.]
crafted <01129> [made. Heb. built.]
Senir <08149> [of Senir.]
[Shenir. cedars.]
oaks <0437> [the oaks.]
<01323> [the company, etc. or, they have made thy hatches of ivory well trodden.]
Rather, "thy benches have they made of ivory inlaid with box, from the isles of Chittim." Vulgate, {de insulis Itali‘,} "from the islands of Italy," which were always famous for box-trees.
<01323> [company. Heb. daughters. the isles.]
[Kittim.]
Fine linen <08336> [linen.]
blue ... purple <08504 0713> [blue and purple. or, purple and scarlet.]
Elishah <0473> [Elishah.]
Elis, part of the Peloponnesus, extending along the western coast of Arcadia, north of Messenia, and south of Achaia.
Sidon <06721> [Zidon.]
[Sidon.]
Arvad <0719> [Arvad.]
skilled men <02450> [wise.]
Gebal <01380> [Gebal.]
cracks <0919> [calkers. or, stoppers of chinks. Heb. strengtheners.]
Persia <06539> [Persia.]
Lud <03865> [of Lud.]
hung <08518> [they hanged.]
Arvadites <0719> [of Arvad.]
perfected <03634> [they have.]
Javan <03120> [Javan.]
Tubal <08422> [Tubal.]
slaves <05315> [the persons.]
merchandise <04627> [market. or, merchandise.]
Togarmah <08425> [Togarmah.]
Dedanites <01719> [Dedan.]
ivory <08127> [of ivory.]
Edom <0758> [Syria.]
[Aram.]
goods <04639> [the wares of thy making. Heb. thy works. agate. or, chrysoprase.]
wheat <02406> [wheat.]
Minnith <04511> [Minnith.]
balm <06875> [balm. or, rosin.]
Damascus <01834> [Damascus.]
Helbon <02463> [Helbon.]
The Chalybon of the Greeks and Romans, now called by the natives Haleb, and by us Aleppo, said to have been so celebrated for its wine, that the Persian kings would drink no other. It was a celebrated city of Syria, situated about 90 miles from the Mediterranean by way of Antioch, and 100 from the Euphrates, in lat. 36 degrees 11' 25" north, long. 37 degrees 9' east; and previous to its destruction by an earthquake in 1822, occupied, including its suburbs, eight small hills, with the intermediate valleys, comprehending a circuit of about seven miles; and its inhabitants were variously estimated at from 100,000 to 258,000 souls.
<02051> [Dan.]
<0235> [going to and fro. or, Menzal. cassia.]
Dedan <01719> [Dedan.]
saddlecloths <0899 02667> [precious clothes. Heb. clothes of freedom.]
Arabia <06152> [Arabia.]
Kedar <06938> [Kedar.]
trade partners ........ traded <03027 05503> [occupied with thee. Heb. were the merchants of thy hand. in lambs.]
Sheba <07614> [Sheba.]
Haran <02771> [Haran.]
[Charran. Canneh.]
[Calneh.]
[Calno.]
[Calneh. Eden.]
Sheba <07614> [Sheba.]
Asshur <0804> [Asshur.]
choice ... purple <04360 08504> [all sorts of things. or, excellent things. clothes. Heb. foldings.]
ships <0591> [ships.]
weighed down <03513> [glorious.]
rowers <07751> [rowers.]
surging <07227> [great.]
east <06921> [the east.]
heart <03820> [midst. Heb. heart.]
wealth <01952> [Thy riches.]
In these beautiful and expressive figures, Tyre is represented as a ship at sea, wrecked through the mistakes of her pilots and rowers; that is, destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, and afterwards by Alexander, in consequence of her rulers having pertinaciously resolved to withstand those haughty conquerors. This vast ship, laden with all kinds of valuable wares, being wrecked, all her valuables, sailors, officers, etc. went to the bottom.
crew <06951> [and in all. or, even with all. shall fall.]
in ....... heart <08432 03820> [midst. Heb. heart.]
waves <04054> [suburbs. or waves. shake.]
handle <08610> [all that handle.]
descend <03381> [shall come.]
loudly <06963> [shall cause.]
All that were on land, seeing this gallant ship perishing with all her men and goods, are here represented as setting up a dismal cry at the heart-rending sight.
throw <05927> [cast.]
roll <06428> [they shall wallow.]
tear out ... hair <07144> [they shall make.]
weep <01058> [they shall weep.]
<05375> [take up.]
Tyre <06865> [What city.]
tower <01822> [the destroyed.]
products <05801> [thy wares.]
abundance <07230> [with the.]
inhabitants <03427> [the inhabitants.]
kings <04428> [their kings.]
hiss <08319> [hiss.]
horror <01091> [thou shalt.]
horror <01091> [a terror. Heb. terrors. never shalt be any more. Heb. shalt not be for ever.]
prince <05057> [the prince.]
Josephus states, on the authority of Menander, who translated the Phoenician annals into Greek, and Philostratus, that this prince was Ithobal.
heart .................... heart ................ think .... godlike <03820> [Because.]
god ....................... god <0410> [I am.]
sit <03427> [I sit.]
heart .................... heart ................ think .... godlike <03820> [in the midst. Heb. in the heart.]
man ........................................... man <0120> [yet.]
you <05414> [thou set.]
[thou are.]
secret <05640> [no secret.]
great skill <02451 07230> [thy great wisdom. Heb. the greatness of thy wisdom.]
trade <07404> [and by.]
heart <03824> [and thine.]
<05414> [Because.]
bring <0935> [I will.]
terrifying <06184> [the terrible.]
defile <02490> [defile.]
bring ... down <03381> [shall bring.]
violently <02491> [are slain.]
say <0559> [say.]
man <0120> [thou shalt.]
kills ..................... wound <02026 02490> [slayeth. or, woundeth.]
death <04194> [the deaths.]
hand <03027> [by the.]
sing <05375> [take up.]
sealer <02856> [Thou sealest.]
full <04392> [full.]
Eden <05731> [in Eden.]
precious <03368> [every.]
ruby <0124> [sardius. or, ruby. beryl. or, chrysolite. emerald. or, chrysoprase. the workmanship.]
created <01254> [thou wast.]
anointed <04473> [the anointed.]
<05414> [and I.]
holy <06944> [upon.]
stones <068> [stones.]
blameless <08549> [perfect.]
sin <05766> [till iniquity.]
abundance <07230> [the multitude.]
filled <04390> [filled.]
defiled <02490> [therefore.]
expelled <05526> [O covering.]
heart <03820> [heart.]
corrupted <07843> [thou hast.]
threw <07993> [I will cast.]
<05414> [I will lay.]
desecrated <02490> [defiled.]
sinfulness <05766> [by the iniquity.]
drew <03318> [therefore.]
you ... I ... you <05414> [I will bring.]
know <03045> [they.]
terrified <01091> [thou shalt.]
terrified <01091> [a terror. Heb. terrors.]
turn <07760> [set.]
Sidon <06721> [Zidon.]
Tyre was a colony of the Zidonians (see on Isa 23:12;) and consequently Zidon was a more ancient, though a less considerable city than Tyre; and it is probable that it was taken by the Chaldeans soon after the destruction of the latter. It was afterwards burnt to the ground by the inhabitants, to prevent it falling in the hands of Ochus.
[Sidon.]
Sidon <06721> [I am against.]
magnify <03513> [I will.]
reveal <06942> [shall be.]
send <07971> [I will send.]
know <03045> [and they shall.]
sharp <03992> [a pricking.]
know <03045> [and they.]
regather <06908> [When.]
reveal <06942> [be sanctified.]
live <03427> [then shall.]
servant <05650> [to my.]
live .............. live <03427> [and they shall dwell.]
[safety. or, with confidence.]
build <01129> [build.]
execute <06213> [when I.]
scorn <07590> [despise. or, spoil.]
live .............. live .................... know <03427 03045> [and they.]
[A.M. 3415. B.C. 589.]
turn <07760> [set.]
Pharaoh <06547> [Pharaoh.]
This was Pharaoh-hophra, or Apries, who, Herodotus informs us, agreeably to the character given him by the prophet, "proudly and wickedly boasted of having established his kingdom so securely, that it was not in the power of any God to dispossess him of it."
Egypt ......... Egypt <04714> [against all.]
Pharaoh <06547> [I am.]
great <01419> [the great.]
waterways ...... Nile <02975> [My river.]
put <05414> [I will put.]
fish ...................... fish <01710> [the fish.]
leave <05203> [I will leave.]
open field <07704 06440> [open fields. Heb. face of the field. I have.]
know <03045> [know.]
staff <04938> [a staff.]
grasped <08610> [they took.]
broke <07533> [thou didst.]
bring <0935> [I will.]
I will kill <03772> [cut.]
land <0776> [the land.]
said <0559> [because.]
turn <05414> [I will.]
utter ... ruin <02721 02723> [utterly waste. Heb. wastes of waste. from the tower of. from Migdol to.]
Syene <05482> [Syene. Heb. Seveneh.]
Now Essuan, situated at the southern extremity of Egypt, (as Migdol was at the northern,) on the confines of Ethiopia, near the tropic of Cancer, and about lat. 24 degrees N. long 32 degrees E.
human foot ......... foot <0120 07272> [foot of man.]
forty <0705> [forty.]
desolation .... midst ............ desolate .... midst <08077 08432> [desolate in.]
scatter <06327> [and I will scatter.]
We learn from Berosus that Nebuchadnezzar sent several captive Egyptians to Babylon; and from Megasthenes, that he transplanted others to Pontus; and it is probable, that at the dissolution of the Babylonian empire, about forty years after, Cyrus permitted them to return to their native country.
end <07093> [At the.]
Pathros <06624> [Pathros.]
[Pathrusim.]
origin <04351> [habitation. or, birth. base. Heb. low.]
insignificant <08217> [the basest.]
rule <07287> [rule.]
confidence <04009> [the confidence.]
reminder ... how <02142> [bringeth.]
know <03045> [but.]
[A.M. 3432. B.C. 572.]
Nebuchadrezzar <05019> [Nebuchadrezzar.]
hard <01419> [a great.]
Nebuchadnezzar was thirteen years employed in the siege. During this long siege, the soldiers must have endured great hardships; their heads would become bald by constantly wearing their helmets; and their shoulders be peeled by carrying materials to and from the works.
wages <07939> [yet.]
St. Jerome asserts, on the authority of the Assyrian histories, that when the Tyrians saw their city must fall, they put their most valuable effects on board their ships, and fled with them to the islands, and their colonies, "so that, the city being taken, Nebuchadnezzar found nothing worthy of his labour."
give <05414> [I will.]
carry off .... capture ... loot ... seize <07997 07998 0962 05375> [take her spoil, and take her pray. Heb. spoil her spoil, and prey her prey.]
compensation <06468> [labour. or, hire. served.]
make <06779> [I cause.]
right to be heard <06610> [the opening.]
know <03045> [they shall know.]
Wail <03213> [Howl.]
day ... near ... day ...... near ...... day <03117 07138> [the day is.]
clouds <06051> [a cloudy.]
time <06256> [the time.]
sword <02719> [the sword.]
panic <02479> [pain. or, fear.]
carry away <03947> [and they.]
foundations <03247> [and her.]
Ethiopia <03568> [Ethiopia.]
Put <06316> [Libya. Heb. Phut.]
<06153> [all the.]
people <01121> [men. Heb. children. that is.]
supporters <05564> [They also.]
Migdol ... Syene <04024 05482> [from the tower of Syene. or, from Migdol to Syene.]
know <03045> [shall know.]
ignite <05414> [when I.]
<07665> [destroyed. Heb. broken.]
messengers <04397> [messengers.]
overly confident <0983> [careless.]
panic <02479> [great.]
coming <0935> [lo.]
hordes <01995> [I will.]
hand <03027> [by the.]
terrifying <06184> [the terrible.]
fill <04390> [and fill.]
[Re 14.20 19.18]
will ......... land .......... land <05414 0776> [I will make.]
dry up <02724> [dry. Heb. drought. sell.]
everything <04393> [all that is therein. Heb. the fullness thereof.]
hand .... over to ................ hand <03027> [by the hand.]
destroy <06> [I will also.]
Memphis <05297> [Noph.]
[Memphis. Heb. Moph. there shall.]
make <05414> [put.]
Pathros <06624> [Pathros.]
Zoan <06814> [Zoan. or, Tanis.]
execute <06213> [will execute.]
pour out <08210> [I will pour.]
Pelusium <05512> [Sin. or, Pelusium.]
Now Tineh, a town of Egypt, situated at the eastern extremity of the Delta, twenty stadia from the Mediterranean, near the lake of Menzaleh, and upon a branch of the Nile, to which it gave name. It was the key of Egypt on the side of Judea and Syria, and was therefore strongly fortified and garrisoned; but it is now quite in ruins.
On <0206> [Aven. or, Heliopolis.]
Pi-beseth <06364> [Pibeseth. or Pubastum.]
Situated on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, near the top of the Delta.
Tahpanhes <08471> [Tehaphnehes.]
[Tahapanes.]
[Tahpanhes. the day.]
dark <02821> [darkened. or, restrained. I shall break.]
pride <01347> [the pomp.]
cloud <06051> [a cloud.]
[A.M. 3416. B.C. 588.]
Son ... man <01121 0120> [Son of man.]
This prophecy was delivered soon after the Egyptians under Pharaoh-hophra had come to relieve Jerusalem, and some months before the city was taken, being the eleventh year of Jeremiah's captivity, and answering to April 26, A.M. 3416. When the king of Babylon took from the king of Egypt, in the days of Pharaoh-necho, all his dominions in Asia, one of his arms was broken. God now declared that he should never recover these territories, or gain any ascendancy in that part of the world; nay, that his other arm, which was now strong, should soon be broken, and rendered utterly useless. This was fulfilled when Hophra was dethroned and driven into Upper Egypt by Amasis; and then Nebuchadnezzar, taking advantage of this civil discord, invaded and conquered that kingdom, and enslaved, dispersed, and carried captive the Egyptians.
broken <07665> [I have.]
bandaged <02280> [it shall not.]
Pharaoh <06547> [I am.]
break ......... broken <07665> [will break.]
strong <02389> [the strong.]
break ......... broken <07665> [and that.]
sword <02719> [I will.]
strengthen ..................... break <02388 07665> [I will.]
place <05414> [and put.]
groan <05008> [he shall.]
know <03045> [they shall know.]
scatter <06327> [I will.]
know <03045> [they shall.]
first <0259> [in the eleventh.]
On Sunday, June 19, A.M. 3416, according to Usher; and about a month before the capture of Jerusalem.
say <0559> [speak.]
hordes <01995> [to his.]
like <01819> [Whom.]
Assyria <0804> [the Assyrian.]
cedar <0730> [a cedar.]
[with fair branches. Heb. fair of branches. of an high.]
water <04325> [waters.]
grow <01431> [made him great. or, nourished him. set. or, brought. little rivers. or, conduits.]
taller <06967> [his height.]
The Assyrian king, to whom Pharaoh is compared, from his great power, extensive dominion, and the protection he afforded, resembled the spreading branches, thick shade, and high stature of a flourishing cedar on mount Lebanon. The fruitful lands of Assyria; the immense revenues he drew from vast multitudes in his extensive territories; his lucrative commerce, by the river Tigris, with the countries on the Indian ocean; and all the various sources of his wealth and prosperity, resembled the rivers and streams which cause the trees planted by them to grow and flourish exceedingly; and hence the empire and its head were exalted above all the kingdoms of the earth.
shoots <07971> [he shot forth. or, it sent them forth.]
cedars <0730> [cedars.]
tree <06086> [nor any.]
made <06213> [made.]
trees <06086> [all the trees.]
envied <07065> [envied.]
says <0559> [Therefore.]
The allegory and its interpretation are here combined; and the Assyrian monarch, though already destroyed, is poetically addressed.
tall <01361> [Because.]
proud <03824> [and his.]
gave <05414> [delivered.]
leader <0410> [the mighty.]
Nebuchadnezzar, the subverter of the Assyrian empire.
has <06213> [he shall surely deal with him. Heb. in doing he shall do unto him.]
out <01644> [I have driven.]
Foreigners <02114> [strangers.]
mountains <02022> [upon.]
down <03381> [gone.]
trees <06086> [the end.]
high ........ appointed <05975 01363> [stand up in their height. or, stand upon themselves for their height. delivered.]
lower parts <08482> [the nether.]
lament <056> [I caused a.]
The deep and all the mighty rivers which cherished this fair tree are here described as mourning at his downfall: they stop their usual courses to bewail his fate, and Lebanon with all its stately trees, (his confederates and allies,) sympathise with him in his misfortunes.
black <06937> [mourn. Heb. be black.]
nations <01471> [made.]
down ........ descend <03381> [When I.]
trees <06086> [and all.]
comforted <05162> [shall be comforted.]
went down <03381> [went.]
allies <02220> [that were.]
lived <03427> [dwelt.]
like <01819> [To whom.]
Pharaoh is here called upon to look in his mirror, and see the termination of his glory and greatness.
like <01819> [art thou.]
trees .................. trees <06086> [with the.]
lie <07901> [thou shalt.]
Pharaoh <06547> [This is.]
That is, the judgment that befel the king of Assyria, is an exact representation of the destruction that remains for Pharaoh and all his people.
month ....... month <08147 02320> [A.M. 3417. B.C. 587. in the twelfth.]
On Wednesday, March 22, A.M. 3417, the twelfth year of Jeconiah's captivity, about a year and half after the destruction of Jerusalem, and at a time when Pharaoh was in power and prosperity.
sing <05375> [take up.]
like <01819> [Thou art like.]
monster <08577> [and thou art as.]
monster <08577> [whale. or, dragon. and troubledst.]
put <05414> [And I.]
To represent the power, rapaciousness, and cruelty of Pharaoh, he had been compared to a fierce young lion, and also to an immense, overgrown sea-monster, or crocodile; and here it is predicted that God would cast a net over him, by which many companies of people should drag him out of his rivers, and cast him into the open field, mountains, valleys, etc., to be devoured by birds and beasts of prey; that is, his ruin would be complete, and attended with terrible miseries to the Egyptians, and afford a large booty to their enemies.
drench <08248> [water.]
land <0776> [the land.]
Egypt, so called because interspersed by numerous canals, and overflowed annually by the Nile.
flow <06824> [wherein thou swimmest. or, of thy swimming.]
extinguish <03518> [put thee out. or, extinguish thee.]
cover ... sky ......... cover <03680 08064> [I will cover the heaven.]
Destroy the empire.
darken <06937> [make.]
Overwhelm the dependent states.
sun <08121> [the sun.]
The king.
moon <03394> [the moon.]
The queen, or some state less than the kingdom.
lights .... sky <0216 08064 03974> [bright lights of heaven. Heb. lights of the light in heaven.]
darken <06937> [dark. Heb. them dark.]
darken <02822 05414> [set darkness upon.]
Involve the whole land in desolation and woe.
disturb <03707> [vex. Heb. provoke to anger, or grief.]
bring <0935> [when.]
I will shock <08074> [amazed.]
sword <02719> [my sword.]
tremble <02729> [and they.]
sword <02719> [The sword.]
terrifying <06184> [the terrible.]
devastate <07703> [they shall.]
destroy <06> [destroy.]
foot <07272> [neither.]
streams <05104> [and cause.]
The neighbouring countries shall be in a state of quietness, like a river that smoothly glides along, having no longer a political crocodile to foul their waters, or to disturb their peace.
everything <08074 04393> [destitute of that whereof. Heb. desolate from the fulness thereof.]
know <03045> [then.]
<08147> [in the twelfth.]
fifteenth <02568> [the fifteenth.]
That is, of the twelfth month, just a fortnight after the preceding prophecy.
wail <05091> [wail.]
down ...................... descend <03381> [cast.]
That is, predict that they shall be cast down.
daughters <01323> [the daughters.]
The cities and colonies of the celebrated nations afterwards enumerated.
lower parts <08482> [unto the.]
surpass <05276> [dost.]
down <03381> [go.]
uncircumcised <06189> [with.]
fall <05307> [fall.]
by ... sword ... sword <05414 02719> [she is delivered to the sword. or, the sword is laid. draw.]
bravest <0410> [strong.]
Pharaoh is here represented as descending into the regions of the dead, whither many mighty warriors and potentates had gone before him, who welcome him to their dreary mansion.
down <03381> [gone.]
[Assur.]
graves <06913> [graves.]
The niches in the sides of the subterranean burying places.
spread <05414> [which.]
terror <02851> [terror. or, dismaying. the land.]
Elam <05867> [Elam.]
down ............................. descend <03381> [which are.]
spread <05414> [which caused.]
bear <05375> [borne.]
made ... bed .............................................. placed <05414 04904> [set her.]
bed <04904> [a bed.]
A cell, or bier, in the sepulchral vault, in which the corpse was deposited.
uncircumcised <06189> [all of them.]
terror <02851> [though.]
Meshech-Tubal <04902> [Meshech.]
Supposed to be the Moschi, a people between Iberia and Armenia, from whom, probably the Muscovites are descended.
Meshech-Tubal <08422> [Tubal.]
Probably the Tibarenians, a people of Pontus, west of the Moschians.
uncircumcised <06189> [all of.]
spread <05414> [caused.]
lie <07901> [shall not.]
Sheol <07585> [to hell.]
That is, to the grave; and are buried in their armour, with their weapons lying by their sides, as was a very ancient practice in various nations.
weapons ... war <04421 03627> [their weapons of war. Heb. weapons of their war.]
shields <05771> [but.]
Edom <0123> [Edom.]
Despite <05414> [laid. Heb. given, or put.]
leaders <05257> [the princes.]
The kings of Media, Armenia, and other nations north of Chaldea, or of the Syrians and others north of Judah, with "all the Zidonians," kings of Zidon, Tyre, and other cities of Phoenicia.
bear <05375> [and bear.]
Pharaoh ... see ................ Pharaoh <06547 07200> [Pharaoh shall.]
Pharaoh, who said he was a god, shall be found among the dead.
consoled <05162> [shall be.]
Shall console himself, when he sees all these mighty nations and proud conquerors in the same condition as himself.
