Isaiah 13:1--39:8
message <04853> [A.M. 3292. B.C. 712. burden.]
Babylon <0894> [of Babylon.]
Isaiah <03470> [which Isaiah.]
<05375> [Lift ye up.]
bare <08192> [upon the high.]
wave <05130> [shake.]
enter ... gates <0935 06607> [go into.]
orders <06680> [commanded.]
warriors <01368> [mighty ones.]
boasting <05947> [them that.]
loud ............... commotion <06963> [noise.]
like <01823> [like as. Heb. the likeness of.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
distant <04801> [from a far.]
instruments <03627> [and the weapons.]
Wail ..... day <03213 03117> [Howl ye.]
day <03117> [for the day.]
destructive <07701> [as a.]
hands <03027> [shall all.]
limp <07503> [be faint. or, fall down. every.]
cramps <06735> [pangs.]
one another ... astonishment <0376 07453 08539> [be amazed one at another. Heb. wonder every man at his neighbour. flames. Heb. faces of the flames.]
cruelty <0394> [cruel.]
<08045> [he shall.]
punish <06485> [I will punish.]
pride <01347> [and I will cause.]
shake <07264> [I will.]
earth <0776> [the earth.]
fury <05678> [in the wrath.]
frightened <05080> [as the.]
each ...... each <0376> [they shall.]
children <05768> [children.]
wives <0802> [and their.]
stirring <05782> [I will.]
concerned about ...... interested <02803> [shall not regard.]
cut ..... ribbons <07376> [shall dash.]
look <05869> [their eye.]
Babylon <0894> [Babylon.]
Babylon, whose destruction and utter ruin are here predicted, was situated in the midst of a large plain, having a very deep and fruitful soil, on the Euphrates, about 252 miles south-east of Palmyra, and the same distance north-west of Susa and the Persian gulf, in lat. 32 degrees 30' N. and long. 44 degrees 20' E. According to Herodotus, it formed a perfect square, each side of which was 120 stadia, and consequently its circumference 480 stadia, or sixty miles; inclosed by a wall 200 cubits high, and fifty wide, on the top of which were small watch towers of one story high, leaving a space between them, through which a chariot and four might pass and turn. On each side were twenty-five gates of solid brass; from each of which proceeded a street, 150 feet broad, making in all fifty streets; which, crossing each other at right angles, intersected the city into 676 squares, extending four stadia and a half on each side, along which stood the houses, all built three or four stories high, and highly decorated towards the street; the interior of these squares being employed as gardens, pleasure grounds, etc. Its principal ornaments were the temple of Belus, having a tower of eight stories, upon a base of a quarter of a mile square; a most magnificent palace; and the famous hanging gardens, or artificial mountains raised upon arches, and planted with large and beautiful trees. Cyrus took it by diverting the waters of the Euphrates, which ran through the midst, and entering by the channel; and the river being never restored to its proper course, overflowed the whole country, and made it a morass. Darius Hystaspes afterwards depopulated the place, lowered the walls, and demolished the gates; Xerxes destroyed the temples; the building of Seleucia nearly exhausted it of its inhabitants; a king of the Parthians carried a number of them into slavery, and destroyed the most beautiful parts; so that modern travellers describe it as a mass of shapeless ruins, the habitation of wild beasts.
God <0430> [when God overthrow. Heb. the overthrowing of.]
Wild animals <06728> [But.]
Wild animals <06728> [wild beasts. Heb. Ziim. doleful creatures. Heb. Ochim. owls. or, ostriches. Heb. daughters of the owl.]
Wild dogs <0338> [the wild beasts. Heb. Iim. desolate houses. or, palaces. dragons.]
time <06256> [her time.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
choose <0977> [choose.]
special ..... them <03240> [set.]
Resident foreigners <01616> [the strangers.]
family <01004> [and the house.]
they settle .......... captors .... rule ....... them <07617 07287> [and they.]
they settle .......... captors .... rule ....... them <07617 07287> [whose captives they were. Heb. that had taken them captives. they shall rule over.]
taunt <04912> [proverb. or, taunting speech.]
oppressor <05065> [How.]
Hostility <04062> [golden city. or, exactress of gold.]
struck down <05221> [who smote.]
unceasing blows <04347 01115> [continual stroke. Heb. a stroke without removing. is persecuted.]
without <01097> [and none.]
break into song <06476> [they.]
Sheol <07585> [Hell. or, The grave. from.]
stirred up <07264> [is moved.]
former leaders <06260> [chief ones. Heb. leaders, or, great goats.]
weak <02470> [Art thou also.]
splendor <01347> [pomp.]
maggots <07415> [the worm.]
fallen <05307> [How art thou fallen.]
shining <01966> [Lucifer. or, day-star.]
conqueror <02522> [weaken.]
said <0559> [thou.]
climb up <05927> [I will ascend.]
mountain <02022> [the mount.]
climb up <05927> [ascend.]
myself <01819> [I will be.]
down <03381> [thou.]
remote slopes <03411> [to the.]
stare <07688> [shall narrowly.]
man <0376> [Is this.]
made <07760> [made.]
free ... prisoners ...... home <01004 0615 06605> [opened not the house of his prisoners. or, did not let his prisoners loose homewards.]
lie <07901> [all of.]
own tomb <01004> [house.]
thrown out <07993> [thou.]
The prophet having briefly set forth, in the beginning of this chapter, the deliverance of Judah from captivity, in consequence of the destruction of Babylon, then introduces this triumphant song, the beauties of which are excellently illustrated by Bp. Lowth.
headed for <03381> [go.]
offspring <02233> [the seed.]
execute <04293> [slaughter.]
not <01077> [do not.]
rise <06965> [I will.]
remembrance <08034> [the name.]
people <07605> [remnant.]
turn ... into <07760> [make.]
sweeps <02894> [I will sweep.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
have intended <01819> [Surely.]
break <07665> [I will.]
yoke <05923> [then.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
hand <03027> [his.]
[A.M. 3278. B.C. 726.]
happy <08055> [Rejoice.]
Philistines <06429> [whole.]
club <07626> [because.]
viper <05175> [for.]
serpent's <06848> [cockatrice. or, adder.]
adder <08314> [a fiery.]
<01060> [the firstborn.]
poor <01800> [the poor.]
kill <04191> [and I.]
Wail <03213> [Howl.]
comes <0935> [for.]
stragglers <0909> [none shall be alone. or, he shall not be alone. appointed times. or, assemblies.]
respond <06030> [shall one.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
oppressed <06041> [and the.]
safety <02620> [trust in it. or, betake themselves unto it.]
message <04853> [burden.]
This and the following chapter form one entire prophecy; which was most probably delivered, as Bp. Lowth supposes, soon after the foregoing, (ch. 14:28-32,) in the first year of Hezekiah, and accomplished in his fourth year when Shalmaneser invaded Israel.
Moab ........... Moab ............. Moab <04124> [Moab.]
night ............. night <03915> [in the.]
Ar <06144> [Ar.]
destroyed ............. destroyed <01820> [brought to silence. or, cut off. Kir.]
[Kir-hareseth.]
[Kir-haresh.]
[Kir-haraseth.]
[Kir-heres.]
went up <05927> [is gone.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
Nebo <05015> [Nebo.]
Medeba <04311> [Medeba.]
head <07218> [all.]
streets ............ squares <02351 07339> [their streets.]
roofs <01406> [on the.]
down weeping <01065 03381> [weeping abundantly. Heb. descending into weeping; or, coming down with weeping.]
Heshbon <02809> [Heshbon.]
Jahaz <03096> [Jahaz.]
<05315> [his.]
heart <03820> [My heart.]
fugitives <01280> [his fugitives, etc. or, to the borders thereof, even as an heifer. Zoar.]
Eglath Shelishiyah <07992> [three.]
ascent <04608> [the mounting.]
weep <01065> [with.]
demise <07667> [destruction. Heb. breaking.]
Nimrim <05249> [Nimrim.]
[Nimrah.]
[Beth-nimrah.]
[Beth-nimrah.]
gone <04923> [desolate. Heb. desolations. the grass.]
what they have <03502> [the abundance.]
Stream <05158> [to the.]
Stream .... Poplars <06155 05158> [brook of the willows. or, valley of the Arabians.]
cries of distress <02201> [the cry.]
Eglaim <097> [Eglaim.]
[En-eglaim]
Eglaim is called Agallim by Eusebius, who places it eight miles south from Ar or Areopolis.
Dimon .............. Dimon <01775> [Dimon.]
Some have Dibon; and Jerome says that the same town was called both Dibon and Dimon.
<03254> [more. Heb. additions.]
lion <0738> [lions.]
fugitives <06413> [him.]
Bp. Lowth, upon the authority of the LXX., renders, "upon the escaped of Moab, and Ariel, and the remnant of Admah."
rams <03733> [the lamb.]
Sela <05554> [from.]
Sela <05554> [Sela. or, Petra. Heb. a rock. the mount.]
flies <05074> [as.]
forced .... nest <07971 07064> [cast out of the nest. or, a nest forsaken. the fords.]
Bring <0935> [Take. Heb. Bring. execute.]
Provide <07896> [make.]
Hide <05641> [hide.]
fugitives <05080> [mine.]
one who applies pressure <04160> [for.]
one who applies pressure <04160> [extortioner. Heb. wringer. oppressors. Heb. treaders down.]
trustworthy <02617> [in mercy.]
established <03559> [established. or, prepared. in the.]
make <08199> [judging.]
experienced <04106> [hasting.]
heard <08085> [have.]
boastful claims <0907> [but.]
Moab ...... they <04124> [shall Moab.]
Kir Hareseth <07025> [Kir-hareseth.]
moan <01897> [mourn. or, mutter.]
fields <07709> [the fields.]
vines <01612> [the vine.]
[Shibmah.]
rulers <01167> [the lords.]
Jazer <03270> [Jazer.]
spread out <05203> [stretched out. or, plucked up.]
weep <01058> [I will bewail.]
Heshbon <02809> [O Heshbon.]
shout triumphantly .... fruit ... crops <01959 07019 07105> [for.]
shout triumphantly .... fruit <01959 07019> [the shouting for. or, the alarm is fallen upon, etc.]
heart <04578> [my.]
Kir Hareseth <07025> [Kir-haresh.]
[Kir-hareseth.]
When <07200> [when.]
enter .......... ineffective <0935 03201> [he shall.]
ineffective <03201> [but.]
previously <0227> [since.]
three <07969> [three.]
splendor <03519> [the glory.]
survivors <07605> [and the remnant.]
insignificant <03808> [feeble. or, not many.]
message <04853> [A.M. cir. 3263. B.C. cir. 741. burden.]
Damascus ... Damascus <01834> [Damascus.]
Damascus ... Damascus ... no longer <01834 05493> [Damascus is.]
ruins <04654> [a ruinous.]
Aroer <06177> [Aroer.]
herds <05739> [they shall.]
peace <02729> [none.]
Fortified <04013> [fortress.]
splendor <03519> [they shall.]
splendor <03519> [the glory.]
<04924> [the fatness.]
harvest <07105> [as when.]
Valley <06010> [the valley.]
Valley <06010> [the valley of the giants.]
trust <08159> [he shall.]
<04639> [the work.]
incense altars <02553> [images. or, sun-images.]
ignore <07911> [thou hast.]
God <0430> [the God.]
protector <06697> [the rock.]
cultivate <05193> [shalt thou.]
harvest <07105> [the harvest.]
day ................................ disappear .... day ... disease ... incurable pain <03117 02470 0605 03511 05067> [a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow. or, removed in the day of inheritance, and there shall be deadly sorrow.]
massing together <01995> [multitude. or, noise.]
make a commotion as loud as the roaring <01993> [make a noise.]
powerful <03524> [mighty. or, many.]
shouts <01605> [but.]
shouts <01605> [rebuke.]
driven <07291> [shall be.]
dead thistles <01534> [a rolling thing. or, thistle-down.]
<06256> [at evening-tide.]
fate <02506> [the portion.]
as good as dead ... one <01945> [A.M. cir. 3290. B.C. cir. 714. Woe.]
Bp. Lowth renders, after Bochart, "Ho! to the land of the winged cymbal;" which he thinks is a periphrasis for the Egyptian sistrum; and consequently, that Egypt, "which borders on the rivers of Cush," is the country to which the prophecy is addressed. If we translate "shadowing with wings," it may allude to the multitude of its vessels, whose sails may be represented under the notion of wings.
land <0776> [the land.]
buzzing <06767> [shadowing.]
beyond <05676> [which.]
sends <07971> [sendeth.]
boats <03627> [vessels.]
It is well known that the Egyptians commonly used on the Nile a light sort of ships or boats made of the papyrus. See note on Ex 2:3.
nation ................. nation <01471> [to a nation.]
tall smooth-skinned <04900 04178> [scattered and peeled. or, outspread and polished.]
Or, as Bp. Lowth renders, "stretched out in length and smoothed." Egypt, which is situated between 24 degrees and 32 degrees N. lat. and 30 degrees and 33 degrees E. long., being bounded on the south by Ethiopia, on the north by the Mediterranean, on the east by the mountains of Arabia, and on the west by those of Lybia, is one long vale, 750 miles in length, (through the middle of which runs the Nile,) in breadth from one to two or three day's journey, and even at the widest part of the Delta, from Pelusium to Alexandria, not above 250 miles broad.
people <05971> [to a people.]
[Heb. Meted out and trodden down. or, that meteth out and treadeth down. Heb. of line, line, and treading under foot.]
This is an allusion to the frequent necessity of having recourse to mensuration in Egypt, in order to determine their boundaries, after the inundation of the Nile had smoothed their land and effaced their landmarks; and to their method of throwing seed upon the mud, when the waters had subsided, and treading it in by turning their cattle into the fields.
divide <0958> [have spoiled. or, despise.]
live <03427> [All ye.]
see ..... raised <07200 05375> [see ye.]
place <04349 05027> [consider in my dwelling place. or, regard my set dwelling.]
scorching <06703> [like a clear.]
<0216> [upon herbs. or, after rain.]
tribute <07862> [shall the.]
tall ... smooth-skinned <04900 04178> [scattered and peeled. or, outspread and polished.]
place <04725> [to the.]
Egypt ............ Egypt ..... Egypt ...... Egyptians <04714> [Egypt.]
rides <07392> [rideth.]
idols <0457> [the idols.]
courage <03824> [the heart.]
provoke <05526> [I will.]
provoke <05526> [set. Heb. mingle.]
panic <07307> [the spirit.]
This is a prophecy of what took place in Egypt about twenty-two years after the destruction of Sennacherib's army; when, upon the death of Tirhakah, (B.C. 688,) not being able to settle about the succession, they continued for two years in a state of anarchy, confusion, and civil wars; which was followed by the tyranny of twelve princes, who, dividing the country among them, governed it for fifteen years; and at last, by the sole dominion of Psammiticus, which he held for fifty-four years.
panic <01238> [fail. Heb. be emptied. and I.]
confuse <01104> [destroy. Heb. swallow up.]
seek guidance <01875> [and they.]
hand <05534> [give over. or, shut up.]
harsh master ............ master <0113 07186> [a cruel lord.]
Rather, "cruel lords," agreeable to the LXX., Syriac, Vulgate, and the original {adonim kasheh.} Nebuchadnezzar, who first conquered and ravaged Egypt, B.C. 573, and the following year; and then, not only his successors, but Cambyses, (who invaded Egypt, B.C. 526,) the son of Cyrus, and the whole succession of Persian kings till the time of Alexander, who were in general hard masters, and grievously oppressed the country.
streams <02975> [and the.]
bulrushes <07070> [the reeds.]
cultivated land <04218> [every.]
[be no more. Heb. shall not be.]
make <05647> [work.]
turn pale <02355> [net works. or, white works.]
cloth <08356> [purposes. Heb. foundations. make.]
depressed <05315> [for fish. or, of living things.]
officials <08269> [the princes.]
Zoan <06814> [Zoan.]
stupid <01197> [brutish.]
one <01121> [I am.]
where oh ..... wise <0335 0645 02450> [where are thy.]
tell ..... find <05046 03045> [let them.]
officials ... Zoan ..... officials <06814 08269> [princes of Zoan.]
Memphis <05297> [Noph.]
rulers <06438> [stay. or, governors. Heb. corners.]
<04537> [hath mingled.]
undiscerning <07307 05773> [perverse spirit. Heb. spirit of perverseness. as a.]
women <0802> [like.]
brandishes <08573> [the shaking.]
land <0127> [the land.]
<06440> [because.]
time <03117> [that day.]
five <02568> [shall five.]
speak <01696> [speak.]
language <08193> [language. Heb. lip.]
swear <07650> [and swear.]
Sun <02041> [destruction. Heb. Heres, or, the sun.]
Instead of {heres,} "destruction," which is also the reading of Aquila, Theodotion, and the Syriac, fifteen MSS. and seven editions have {cheres,} "the sun;" agreeable to Symmachus, the Arabic, and Vulagte; while the Chaldee takes in both readings; and the LXX. reads [polis asedek,] "the city of righteousness," a name apparently contrived by the party of Onias, to give credit to his temple. As, however, {heres} in Arabic signifies a lion, Conrad Ikenius is of opinion that the place here mentioned is not Heliopolis, as is commonly supposed, but Leontopolis in the Heliopolitan nome, as it is termed in the letter of Onias to Ptolemy. The whole passage, from this verse to the end, contains a general intimation of the propagation of the knowledge of the true God in Egypt and Syria, under the successors of Alexander, and the early reception of the gospel in the same countries.
visual reminder <0226 05707> [for a.]
cry out <06817> [they shall.]
send <07971> [he shall send.]
Lord ... reveal ......... acknowledge ... Lord's .................. Lord <03068 03045> [Lord shall.]
authority ....... present ..... they <05647> [and shall.]
make <05087> [shall vow.]
strike ... striking <05062> [he shall smite.]
turn <07725> [they shall.]
Israel <03478> [shall.]
blessing <01293> [a blessing.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
blessing ...... Blessed <01288> [Blessed.]
Israel <03478> [and Israel.]
commanding general <08661> [Tartan.]
Tartan was one of the generals of Sennacherib, who, it is probable, is here called Sargon, and in the book of Tobit, Sacherdonus and Sacherdan, against whom Tirhakah, king of Cush or Ethiopia, was in league with the king of Egypt.
Ashdod <0795> [Ashdod.]
captured <03920> [and took.]
Isaiah <03470> [Isaiah. Heb. the hand of Isaiah. Go.]
sackcloth <08242> [the sackcloth.]
<02502> [put.]
undergarments <06174> [naked.]
three <07969> [three.]
object lesson <0226> [a sign.]
Egypt <04714> [upon Egypt.]
king <04428> [shall.]
Egypt ....................... Egyptians <04714> [Egyptians. Heb. captivity of Egypt. with their.]
publicly humiliated <06172> [shame. Heb. nakedness.]
afraid <02865> [afraid.]
pride <08597> [their glory.]
coast <0339> [isle. or, country.]
fled <05127> [whither.]
escape <04422> [and how.]
message <04853> [The burden.]
The first ten verses of this chapter contain a prediction of the taking of Babylon by the Medes and Persians; which is here denominated "the desert of the sea," because the country around it, and especially towards the sea, was a great morass, often overflowed by the Tigris and Euphrates, and only rendered habitable by being drained by a number of canals.
Desert ................ desert <04057> [the desert.]
strong winds <05492> [As whirlwinds.]
Desert ................ desert ....... feared <04057 03372> [from.]
distressing <07186> [grievous. Heb. hard.]
deceiver deceives <0898> [the treacherous.]
Attack <05927> [Go up.]
groaning <0585> [all the.]
stomach <04975> [are.]
cramps overwhelm ..... contractions <06735 0270> [pangs have.]
disturbed <05753> [I was bowed.]
My heart <08582 03824> [heart panted. or, mind wandered. the night.]
brought <07760> [turned. Heb. put.]
eat <0398> [eat.]
Get up <06965> [arise.]
<03212> [Go.]
sees <07200> [And he saw.]
must <07181> [he hearkened.]
guard cries out <0738 07121> [cried, A lion. or, cried as a lion.]
stand <05975> [I stand.]
night <03915> [whole nights. or, every night.]
coming <0935> [behold.]
Babylon <0894> [Babylon.]
idols <06456> [all.]
downtrodden <04098> [my threshing.]
people <01121> [corn. Heb. son. that which.]
Dumah <01746> [Dumah.]
Dumah is probably the same as Dumatha, a city of Arabia, mentioned by Stephanus, and the modern Dumah and Dumathalgandel, on the borders of Arabia and Syria, in a rocky valley. The Edomites, says Bp. Lowth, as well as Jews, were subdued by the Babylonians. They enquire of the prophet how long their subjection is to last; he intimates that the Jews should be delivered from their captivity; not so the Edomites. "The morning cometh, and also the night."
Seir <08165> [me out.]
night ........ night <03915> [what.]
Morning <01242> [The morning.]
ask ask <01158> [if.]
Arabia ...... Arabia <06152> [Arabia.]
caravans <0736> [O ye.]
Tema <08485> [Tema.]
Bring out <0857> [brought. or, bring ye.]
[from the swords. or, for fear of the swords. Heb. from the face of.]
year <08141> [according.]
Kedar <06938> [Kedar.]
archers <07198> [archers. Heb. bows. the mighty.]
Lord <03068> [for.]
Valley <01516> [A.M. cir. 3292. B.C. cir. 712. the valley.]
Jerusalem being situated in the midst of surrounding hills, and the seat of Divine revelation, is here termed "the valley of vision." This prophecy foretells the invasion of Jerusalem by the Assyrians under Sennacherib; and probably also, by the Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar.
Vision <02384> [of vision.]
reason <0645> [What.]
up <05927> [that thou.]
The eastern houses are built with a court within, into which chiefly the windows open; those that open to the street being so obstructed with lattice work, that no one can see through them. Whenever, therefore, any thing is to be seen or heard in the streets, any public spectacle, or any alarm, everyone immediately goes up to the house-top to satisfy his curiosity. Hence all the people running to the top of their houses, gives a lively image of a sudden general alarm.
<04392> [that art.]
slain .... cut down <02491> [thy slain.]
leaders <07101> [thy rulers.]
arrow <07198> [by the archers. Heb. of the bow.]
look <08159> [Look.]
weeping bitterly <04843 01065> [Weep bitterly. Heb. be bitter in weeping.]
try <0213> [labour.]
day <03117> [a day.]
defeat <04001> [treading.]
confusion <03998> [perplexity.]
<06979> [breaking.]
cry out <07771> [crying.]
Elamites <05867> [Elam.]
Kir <07024> [Kir.]
prepared <06168> [uncovered. Heb. made naked.]
best valleys <06010 04005> [thy choicest valleys. Heb. the choice of thy valleys. full.]
gate <08179> [at. or, toward.]
removed <01540> [he discovered.]
weapons <05402> [the armour.]
reservoir <04724> [a ditch.]
on <05027> [ye have.]
called <07121> [call.]
shaved heads <07144> [to baldness.]
celebration <08342> [behold.]
eat ...... Eat <0398> [let.]
<01540> [it was.]
sin <05771> [Surely.]
administrator <05532> [treasurer.]
Shebna <07644> [Shebna.]
palace <01004> [which.]
chisel out ........ chisels <02672> [What hast.]
chisel out ........ chisels <02672> [hewed.]
There are some monuments still remaining in Persia, of great antiquity, says Bp. Lowth, called Naksi Rustam, which give a clear idea of Shebna's pompous design for his sepulchre. They consist of several sepulchres, each of them hewn in a high rock near the top. The front of the rock to the valley below is adorned with carved work in relief, being the outside of the sepulchre. Some of these sepulchres are about thirty feet in the perpendicular from the valley, which is itself raised perhaps about half as much by the accumulation of the earth since they were made.
chisel out ........ chisels <02672> [as he. or, O he.]
throw .... away <02904> [will carry, etc. or, who covered thee with an excellent covering, and clothed thee gorgeously, shall surely violently turn, etc.]
man <02925 01397> [a mighty captivity. Heb. the captivity of a man. cover.]
wind ... up tightly <06801> [surely.]
wide ... land <0776 07342> [a large country. Heb. a land large of spaces.]
Eliakim <0471> [Eliakim.]
put <03847> [clothe.]
protector <01> [a father.]
key <04668> [And the key.]
As the robe and the baldric, mentioned in the preceding verse, were the ensigns of power and authority; so likewise was the key the mark of office, either sacred or civil. To comprehend how the key could be borne on the shoulder, it will be sufficient to observe, that the ancient keys were of considerable magnitude, and much bent.
opens ................. open <06605> [so he.]
fasten <08628> [I will.]
respect <03519> [a glorious.]
<08518> [hang.]
small containers ........ jars <06996 03627> [vessels of small.]
[vessels of flagons. or, instruments of viols.]
peg <03489> [the nail.]
load <04853> [the burden.]
Lord .................................. Lord <03068> [for the.]
message <04853> [A.M. 3289. B.C. 715. burden.]
Tyre, whose destruction by Nebuchadnezzar is here foretold, was a city of Phoenicia, on the shore of the Mediterranean, twenty-four miles south of Sidon, and thirty-two north of Accho or Ptolemais, according to the Antonine and Jerusalem Itineraries, about lat. 33 degrees 18' N. long. 35 degrees 10' E. There were two cities of this name; one on the continent called Pal‘ Tyrus, or Old Tyre, according to Strabo, thirty stadia south of the other, which was situated on an island, not above 700 paces from the main land, says Pliny. Old Tyre was taken by Nebuchadnezzar, after a siege of thirteen years, B.C. 573, which he so utterly destroyed, that it never afterwards rose higher than a village. But previous to this, the inhabitants had removed their effects to the island which afterwards became so famous by the name of Tyre, though now consisting only of about 800 dwellings.
Wail <03213> [Howl.]
ships <0591> [ye ships.]
devastated <07703> [for it is.]
land <0776> [the land.]
Lament <01826> [still. Heb. silent.]
coast <0339> [the isle.]
merchants <05503> [the merchants.]
Shihor <07883> [Sihor.]
crops <07105> [the harvest.]
trade center <05505> [she is.]
labor <02342> [I travail.]
news ........... happened <08088> [at the.]
shaken <02342> [so shall.]
Travel <05674> [Pass.]
Wail <03213> [howl.]
boisterous <05947> [your.]
origins <06927> [whose.]
feet <07272> [her own.]
distant land <07350> [afar off. Heb. from afar off.]
planned <03289> [Who hath.]
royal .... merchants <05849> [the crowning.]
traders <05503> [merchants.]
<03068> [Lord.]
it ... dishonor <02490> [to stain. Heb. to pollute.]
humiliate <07043> [bring.]
Daughter <01323> [O daughter.]
marketplace <04206> [no more.]
marketplace <04206> [strength. Heb. girdle.]
stretched out <05186> [stretched.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
destroy Canaan's <03667 08045> [against the merchant city. or, concerning a merchantman.]
[the merchant city. Heb. Canaan.]
fortresses <04581> [strong holds. or, strengths.]
<03254> [Thou shalt.]
oppressed <06231> [thou oppressed.]
daughter <01323> [daughter.]
"The Sidonians," says Justin, "when their city was taken by the king of Ascalon, betook themselves to their ships; and landed and built Tyre;" Sidon was therefore the mother city.
travel <05674> [pass.]
relief <05117> [there also.]
land <0776> [land.]
Assyrians <0804> [the Assyrian.]
wild animals <06728> [for them.]
turned <07760> [and he.]
Tyre .... forgotten .................. Tyre <06865 07911> [Tyre shall.]
Tyre ..................... Tyre .......... prostitute ..... song <06865 07892 02181> [shall Tyre sing as an harlot. Heb. it shall be unto Tyre as the song of an harlot.]
revive <06485> [visit.]
again <07725> [and she shall.]
<02181> [shall commit.]
profits ..................... profits <05504> [her merchandise.]
stored up <0686> [it shall.]
live <03427> [for them.]
beautiful <06266> [durable. Heb. old.]
earth <0776> [A.M. 3292. B.C.712. maketh the.]
mar ... surface <06440 05753> [turneth it upside down. Heb. perverteth the face thereof.]
scatter <06327> [scattereth.]
people <05971> [as with the people.]
priest <03548> [priest. or, prince.]
completely devastated <01238> [shall.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
dries up <056> [mourneth.]
prominent people <05971 04791> [haughty people. Heb. height of the people.]
defiled <02610> [defiled.]
violated <05674> [because.]
disregarded <02498> [changed.]
broken <06565> [broken.]
curse <0423> [hath.]
handful <04213> [and few.]
town <07151> [city.]
ruined <08414> [of confusion.]
howl <06682> [a crying.]
joy <08057> [all joy.]
beat <05363> [there.]
<03513> [glorify.]
in the east <0217> [fires. or, valleys. isles.]
ends <03671> [uttermost part. Heb. wing.]
majestic <06643> [glory.]
say <0559> [But.]
wasting away ... wasting away <07334> [My leanness. Heb. Leanness to me. or, My secret to me. the treacherous.]
pit <06354> [and the pit.]
runs away <05127> [he who fleeth.]
floodgates <0699> [for the.]
foundations <04146> [the foundations.]
stagger around <05128> [reel.]
sway back and forth <05110> [removed.]
sin <06588> [the transgression.]
fall <05307> [and it.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
punish <06485> [punish. Heb. visit upon.]
imprisoned <0622> [they shall.]
<0616 0626> [as prisoners are gathered. Heb. with the gathering of prisoners. pit. or, dungeon. shall they.]
punished <06485> [visited. or, found wanting.]
full moon <03842> [the moon.]
Lord <03068> [when.]
Mount <02022> [mount.]
majestic splendor <03519 02205> [before his ancients gloriously. or, there shall be glory before his ancients.]
God <0430> [thou art.]
done <06213> [thou hast.]
plans <06098> [thy counsels.]
made <07760> [For.]
fortress <0759> [palace.]
protector ...... protector <04581> [thou hast.]
shelter <04268> [a refuge.]
breath <07307> [when.]
humble <03665> [shalt bring.]
heat .................... heat <02721> [as the heat.]
<02159> [branch.]
mountain <02022> [in this.]
hold <06213> [make.]
nations <05971> [all people.]
there ........ aged wine <08105> [of wines.]
swallow up <01104> [he will.]
swallow up <01104> [destroy. Heb. swallow up. cast. Heb. covered.]
swallow ................. remove <01104 05493> [He.]
Lord <03069> [God.]
disgrace <02781> [rebuke.]
face .......... earth <06440 0776> [off.]
say <0559> [it shall.]
God <0430> [Lo.]
Let's <01523> [we will.]
mountain <02022> [in this.]
Moab <04124> [Moab.]
trampled down ........... trampled down <01758> [trodden down. or, threshed.]
straw <04963> [even.]
<01119> [for the dunghill. or, in Madmenah.]
spread .............. spreads <06566> [he shall spread.]
bring down <08213> [he shall bring.]
fortified city <04013> [the fortress.]
dusty <06083> [to the dust.]
time <03117> [that day.]
song <07892> [this song.]
land <0776> [in the land.]
deliverance <03444> [salvation.]
Open <06605> [Open.]
righteous <06662> [righteous.]
trustworthy <0529> [truth. Heb. truths.]
keep <05341> [wilt.]
completely safe <07965> [in perfect peace. Heb. peace, peace. mind. or, thought, or imagination. stayed.]
trust <0982> [because.]
Trust <0982> [Trust.]
Lord ........ Yah ... Lord <03068 03050> [in the.]
enduring protector <06697 05769> [everlasting strength. Heb. the Rock of ages.]
knocks down ....................... throws ... down <07817 05060> [bringeth.]
elevated <07682> [the lofty.]
way <0734> [way.]
righteous <03477> [most.]
unfold <0734> [in.]
wait for <06960> [we.]
desire <08378> [desire.]
look for <0183> [have I.]
spirit <07307> [my spirit.]
judgments <04941> [for.]
shown mercy <02603> [favour.]
land <0776> [in the.]
not .................. not <01077> [and will not.]
ready to act <03027> [when.]
notice .... see <02372> [will.]
notice .... see <02372> [they shall.]
shame <0954> [be.]
humankind <05971> [at the. or, towards thy. fire.]
make <08239> [ordain.]
done <06466> [for.]
[in us. or, for us.]
masters <0113> [other.]
praise <02142> [by thee.]
dead <04191> [dead.]
memory <02143> [and made.]
larger ......... larger <03254> [increased.]
larger <03513> [thou art.]
larger ........ extended <07368> [thou hadst.]
distress <06862> [in trouble.]
[thy poured.]
incantations <03908> [prayer. Heb. secret speech.]
strained ... gave birth <02342> [we have been in.]
<06213> [we have not.]
people ... populate <03427> [the inhabitants.]
dead ... come back to life <04191 02421> [dead men.]
corpses <05038> [my dead.]
Wake up <06974> [Awake]
plants drenched ..... dew <02919> [thy dew.]
earth <0776> [the earth.]
people <05971> [my.]
Enter <0935> [enter.]
Close <05462> [shut.]
Hide <02247> [hide.]
little <04592> [for a.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
display <01540> [also.]
blood <01818> [blood. Heb. bloods.]
time <03117> [that day.]
destructive <07186> [with his.]
Leviathan ..... Leviathan <03882> [leviathan.]
fast-moving <01281> [piercing. or, crossing like a bar. crooked.]
monster <08577> [the dragon.]
sea <03220> [in the sea.]
<06031> [sing.]
vineyard <03754> [A vineyard.]
Lord <03068> [I the.]
protect ........ guard <05341> [do keep.]
water <08248> [water.]
angry <02534> [Fury.]
confront <05414> [who would.]
march ........ set .... on fire <06585 06702> [go through. or, march against.]
became <02388> [let him.]
made ....... make <06213> [and he.]
struck down <05221> [he smitten.]
<04347> [as he smote. Heb. according to the stroke of.]
summon <05432> [measure.]
divorce <07971> [it shooteth forth. or, thou sendest it forth. thou wilt.]
drives ... away <01898> [he stayeth, etc. or, when he removeth it. his rough.]
this .... sin <02063 05771> [this therefore.]
make <07760> [when.]
Asherah poles <0842> [the groves.]
incense altars <02553> [images. or, sun images.]
fortified <01219> [the defenced.]
Calves <05695> [there shall the.]
branches <07105> [the boughs.]
people <05971> [for it is.]
made <06213> [therefore.]
shake <02251> [beat off.]
gathered up <03950> [ye shall be.]
time <03117> [And it.]
large <01419> [the great.]
come <0935> [and they.]
refugees <05080> [the outcasts.]
worship <07812> [and shall.]
crown <05850> [A.M. 3279. B.C. 725. the crown.]
This chapter begins a new subject, chiefly relating to the devastations of Israel and Judah by the Assyrian kings. The ancient Samaria being beautifully situated on the top of a round hill, and surrounded immediately with a rich valley, and then a circle of other hills around it, suggested the idea of a chaplet, or wreath of flowers.
drunkards <07910> [drunkards.]
beautiful <06643> [whose.]
overcome <01986> [overcome. Heb. broken.]
sovereign master <0136> [the Lord.]
hailstorm ............. rainstorm <02230> [as a tempest.]
crown <05850> [The crown.]
trampled <07429> [shall.]
underfoot <07272> [under feet. Heb. with feet.]
withering <05034> [shall be.]
early fig <01061> [the hasty.]
"No sooner," says Dr. Shaw, "doth the {boccore} (or early fig) draw near to perfection in the middle or latter end of June, than the {kermez,} or summer fig, begins to be formed, though it rarely ripens before August; about which time the same tree frequently throws out a third crop, or winter fig, as we may call it. This is usually of a much longer shape and darker complexion than the {kermez,} hanging and ripening upon the tree, even after the leaves are shed; and, provided the winter proves mild and temperate, is gathered as a delicious morsel in the spring."
swallows <01104> [eateth. Heb. swalloweth.]
Lord <03068> [shall the.]
diadem <06843> [for a diadem.]
remnant <07605> [residue.]
discernment <07307> [for a spirit.]
strength <01369> [and for strength.]
stagger .............. stagger .................. stagger <07686> [erred.]
confused <01104> [are swallowed.]
stagger .............. stagger .................. stagger .... prophetic visions <07686 07203> [err in.]
teach <03384> [shall he teach.]
message <08052> [doctrine. Heb. the hearing.]
weaned <01580> [weaned.]
meaningless gibberish senseless babbling <06673> [For precept.]
meaningless gibberish senseless babbling <06673> [must be. or, hath been.]
mocking <03934> [with.]
mocking lips <08193 03934> [stammering lips. Heb. stammerings of lips. will he speak. or, he hath spoken.]
security ................ rest <04496 04774> [This.]
refused <014> [yet.]
meaningless gibberish senseless babbling <06673> [precept upon precept.]
<03212> [that.]
mock <03944> [ye.]
made ........................... made <03772 07760> [We have.]
To be in covenant with a thing, says Bp. Lowth, is a proverbial expression to denote perfect security from mischief or evil of which it is the cause.
<07857> [when.]
made ........................... made <03772 07760> [we have made.]
maintains <03245> [Behold.]
faith <0539> [he that.]
justice <04941> [Judgment.]
hail <01259> [and the hail.]
floodwaters <04325> [and the waters.]
treaty <01285> [your covenant.]
dissolved <03722> [shall be disannulled.]
For {kuppar,} Houbigant, Archbp. Secker, and Bp. Lowth, would read {tuppar;} but the former may well have the sense ascribed to it here, as it signifies in Chaldee and Syriac, {abstersit, diluit, abolevit.}
overwhelming <07857> [when.]
overrun <04823> [trodden down by it. Heb. a treading down to it.]
Whenever <01767> [the time.]
announcement <02113> [and it.]
understood ....... terror <08052 0995> [to understand the report. or, when he shall make you to understand doctrine.]
bed <04702> [the bed.]
Mount Perazim <06559 02022> [in mount Perazim.]
Valley <06010> [the valley.]
[Geba.]
peculiar ........ strange <02114 05237> [his strange.]
mock <03887> [be ye.]
chains <04147> [lest.]
destruction <03617> [a consumption.]
harrowing <07702> [break.]
<07795> [in the principal, etc. or, the wheat in the principal place, and the barley in the appointed place. rye. or, spelt.]
places <01367> [place. Heb. border.]
God <0430> [For his God, etc. or, And he bindeth it in such sort as his]
God doth teach him.
threshed <01758> [threshed.]
caraway seed .................... caraway seed <07100> [the fitches.]
Grain <03899> [Bread.]
wheel <01536> [the wheel.]
gives <03318> [cometh.]
[A.M. 3292. B.C.712. woe. etc. or, O Ariel, that is, the lion of God.]
town <07151> [the city. or, of the city.]
<05595> [add.]
schedule <05362> [kill. Heb. cut off the heads.]
threaten <06693> [I will.]
Ariel ........... altar <0740> [and it shall.]
Or, as Bp. Lowth renders, "and it shall be unto me as the hearth of the great altar;" that is, it shall be the seat of the fire of God, which shall issue from thence to consume his enemies. The hearth of the altar is expressly called {ariel} by Ezekiel, ch. 43:15; which is put, in the former part of the verse, for Jerusalem, the city in which the altar was. The subject of this and the four following chapters, says Bp. Lowth, is the invasion of Sennacherib; the great distress of the Jews while it continued; their sudden and unexpected deliverance by God's immediate and miraculous interposition on their behalf; the subsequent prosperous state of the kingdom under Hezekiah; interspersed with severe reproofs and threats of punishment for their hypocrisy, stupidity, infidelity, their want of trust in God, and their vain reliance on the assistance of Egypt; and with promises of better times, both immediately to succeed, and to be expected in the future age.
fall ... lying <08213> [thou shalt.]
chirp <06850> [whisper. Heb. peep, or chirp.]
horde .......... horde <01995> [the multitude.]
chaff <04671> [as chaff.]
flash <06621> [at an.]
horde <01995> [the multitude.]
besiege <06693> [that distress.]
dream <02472> [as a dream.]
hungry .... that ....................... that <07457 0834> [as when.]
eating ....................... drinking ........... weak <0398 08354 05889> [behold.]
amazed <08539> [and wonder.]
totally blind <08173> [cry ye out, and cry. or, take your pleasure and riot.]
drunk <07937> [they are.]
<03068> [the Lord.]
shut <06105> [hath closed.]
heads <07218> [rulers. Heb. heads.]
seers <02374> [the seers.]
scroll .......... read <05612> [book. or, letter. that is sealed.]
can't <03201> [I cannot.]
can't .......... can't <03045> [I am not.]
<03282> [Forasmuch.]
<03374> [their fear.]
again <03254> [I will.]
again <03254> [proceed. Heb. add. for the wisdom.]
<06009> [seek.]
work <04639> [and their works.]
sees <07200> [Who seeth.]
thinking is perverse <02017> [your turning.]
potter ......................... potter <03335> [as the potter's.]
pottery <03336> [or shall.]
very <04213> [yet a very.]
Lebanon <03844> [Lebanon.]
orchard .... orchard <03759> [the fruitful.]
deaf <02795> [the deaf.]
downtrodden <06035> [meek.]
again <03254> [increase. Heb. add. the poor.]
delight <01523> [rejoice.]
tyrants <06184> [the terrible.]
those who taunt <03887> [the scorner.]
love to do <08245> [and all.]
those <0120> [make.]
arbitrates <06983> [and lay.]
deprive <05186> [and turn.]
delivered <06299> [who redeemed.]
Jacob Jacob ..... be ashamed <03290 0954> [Jacob shall.]
produce <04639> [the work.]
them they ... honor .... They ... honor <06942> [sanctify.]
respect ... God <0430 06206> [fear the God.]
stray <08582> [also.]
gain understanding <0998 03045> [come to understanding. Heb. know understanding.]
rebellious <05637> [A.M. cir. 3291. B.C. cir. 713. the rebellious.]
make <06213> [that take.]
form <05258> [cover.]
compound <05595> [add.]
travel <01980> [walk.]
will <07592> [and have.]
protective shade <06738> [the shadow.]
protection <04581> [the strength.]
humiliation <03639> [your confusion.]
officials <08269> [his princes.]
Zoan <06814> [Zoan.]
Hanes <02609> [Hanes.]
[Tahpanhes.]
[Tehaphnehes.]
message <04853> [burden.]
animals <0929> [beasts.]
land <0776> [into the land.]
Or, as Bp. Lowth renders, "through a land of distress and difficulty:" the same deserts are here spoken of which the Israelites passed through.
snakes <0660> [the viper.]
wealth <02428> [riches.]
Egypt <04714> [the Egyptians.]
this <02063> [concerning this. or, to her. Their.]
write ... down <03789> [write.]
preserved ..... time <0314 03117> [the time to come. Heb. the latter day.]
rebellious <04805> [this is.]
lying <03586> [lying.]
unwilling ... obey <014 08085> [will not.]
say <0559> [say.]
Tell <01696> [speak.]
aside <05493> [you out.]
Holy One <06918> [cause.]
rejected <03988> [Because.]
trust <0982> [and trust.]
ability to oppress <06233> [oppression. or, fraud.]
cracks <06556> [as a breach.]
crumbles <0935> [cometh.]
shatters <07665> [he shall break.]
clay jar <05035 03335> [potters' vessel. Heb. bottle of potters. he shall not.]
find <04672> [so that.]
Holy One <06918> [the Holy One.]
repented <07729> [in returning.]
unwilling <014> [and ye.]
flee ........ flee <05127> [for we will.]
flee ........ flee ............ pursuers <05127 07291> [therefore.]
thousand <0505> [thousand.]
isolated <03498> [till ye.]
flagpole <08650> [a beacon. or, a tree bereft of branches. or, boughs, or a mast.]
Lord ............. ready ......... Lord <03068 07311> [therefore.]
ready .......................... wait <02442> [wait.]
ready <07311> [will he be.]
Lord ..................... Lord <03068> [for the Lord.]
blessed <0835> [blessed.]
live <03427> [dwell.]
weep <01058> [thou shalt.]
indeed .... mercy ........ respond <02603 06030> [he will.]
eat <03899> [the bread.]
suffering <03906> [affliction. or, oppression. yet shall.]
<0241> [thine ears.]
heading to the right <0541> [when ye turn to the right.]
desecrate <02930> [defile.]
silver-plated idols <03701 06456> [thy graven images of silver. Heb. the graven images of thy silver.]
throw ... away <02219> [cast. Heb. scatter. as a.]
Get out <03318> [Get.]
water <05414> [shall he.]
abundance <01879> [it shall.]
cattle <04735> [thy cattle.]
oxen <0504> [oxen.]
plowing <0127 05647> [ear the ground.]
seasoned <02548> [clean. or, savory. Heb. leavened.]
high ..... high <01364 05375> [upon every high.]
high ..... high <01364 05375> [high. Heb. lifted up. in the day.]
fortified towers <04026> [when.]
light .... full moon ....... glare ..... glare ......... light <03842 0216> [the light of the moon.]
binds up <02280> [bindeth.]
raging <01197> [burning.]
awesome splendor <04858 03514> [the burden thereof. or, the grievousness of flame. heavy.]
Heb. heaviness.
battle cry <07307> [his breath.]
flooding <07857> [an overflowing.]
shakes <05130> [to sift.]
Bp. Lowth renders, "to toss the nations with the van of perdition;" that is, says {Kimchi,} nothing useful shall remain behind, but all shall come to nothing and perish. The van of the ancients was a large instrument, somewhat like a shovel, with a long handle, with which they tossed the corn mixed with the chaff and chopped straw into the air, that the wind might separate them.
bit <07448> [a bridle.]
leads ... to destruction <08582> [causing.]
sing <07892> [Ye shall.]
evening <03915> [in the night.]
flute <02485> [with a pipe.]
mountain <02022> [the mountain.]
Rock <06697> [mighty One. Heb. Rock.]
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
mighty shout <06963 01935> [his glorious voice. Heb. the glory of his voice.]
intervene <05183> [the lighting.]
flaming <03851> [the flame.]
shout <06963> [the voice.]
beat <05221> [which smote.]
Every <03605> [every place, etc. Heb. every passing of the rod founded. lay. Heb. cause to rest. it shall be.]
<08573> [shaking.]
[with it. or, against them.]
burial place <08613> [Tophet.]
prepared <06186> [ordained.]
already <0865> [of old. Heb. from yesterday.]
king <04428> [for the king.]
breath <05397> [the breath.]
down <03381> [to them.]
rely .... horses <05483 08172> [stay on horses.]
[the look.]
seek <01875> [neither.]
wise <02450> [he also.]
bring <0935> [will bring.]
<05493> [will not.]
<05493> [call back. Heb. remove. arise.]
helps <05833> [against the help.]
Egyptians <04714> [the Egyptians.]
horses <05483> [their horses.]
strike <05186> [stretch.]
helps ........ helped <05826> [both.]
lion <0738> [Like as.]
yelling <01995> [noise. or, multitude. so shall.]
birds <06833> [birds.]
protect ..... protect <01598> [defending.]
passes over <06452> [passing.]
Or rather, as Bp. Lowth renders, "leaping forward," {pasoach.} As the mother bird spreads her wings to cover her young, throws herself before them, and opposes the rapacious bird that assaults them; so shall Jehovah protect, as with a shield, Jerusalem from the enemy, protecting and delivering, springing forward and rescuing her.
Return <07725> [Turn.]
blatantly <06009> [deeply.]
time <03117> [in that.]
[his idols of gold. Heb. the idols of his gold. for a sin.]
Assyria <0804> [shall the.]
run away <05127> [he shall flee.]
sword ....... sword ............. from ... sword <06440 02719> [from the sword. or, for fear of the sword. discomfited. or, tributary. Heb. for melting, or tribute.]
surrender ... stronghold .... fear <05553 04032 05674> [he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear. Heb. his rock shall pass away for fear. or, his strength. the ensign.]
fire <0217> [whose fire.]
king <04428> [king.]
officials <08269> [princes.]
Each <0376> [a man.]
shelter <04224> [an hiding.]
streams <06388> [rivers.]
large <03515> [great. Heb. heavy. rock.]
mind <03824> [heart.]
acts rashly ............ with ease <04116> [rash. Heb. hasty. the tongue.]
clarity <06703> [plainly. or, elegantly.]
fool <05036> [vile.]
deceiver <03596> [nor.]
fool <05036> [the vile.]
mind <03820> [and his heart.]
gives .... nothing <07324> [empty.]
methods <03627> [instruments.]
<03289> [deviseth.]
lies <08267> [lying.]
needy ..... right <01696 04941 034> [the needy speaketh right. or, he speaketh against the poor in judgment.]
honorable .... honorable .... honorable <05081> [the liberal.]
character <06965> [stand. or, be established.]
women <0802> [ye women.]
pay attention <0238> [give ear.]
year's time <03117 08141> [Many days and years. Heb. Days above a year.]
grape harvest <01210> [for.]
Shake <07264> [be troubled.]
Strip <06584> [strip.]
<02290> [and gird.]
Mourn <05594> [lament.]
delightful fields <07704 02531> [pleasant fields. Heb. fields of desire.]
overgrown <05927> [come.]
houses <01004> [yea, upon. or, burning upon, etc.]
revelry <05947> [in the.]
fortress <0759> [the palaces.]
Hill ... watchtower <0975 06076> [forts and towers. or, clifts and watch-towers. for.]
life <07307> [the spirit.]
desert <04057> [wilderness.]
produce <04639> [the work.]
result <08252> [quietness.]
destroyed <01258> [it shall.]
forest <03293> [on the.]
city <08213 05892> [the city shall be low. or, the city shall be utterly abased.]
blessed <0835> [Blessed.]
ox <07794> [the ox.]
destroyer ............ destroyed ..................... destroying ..... destroyed <07703> [thee that.]
through <08552> [when thou shalt cease.]
merciful <02603> [be gracious.]
strength <02220> [be thou.]
Deliver <03444> [our salvation.]
plunder <07998> [your spoil.]
swarm over <04944> [the running.]
Lord <03068> [The Lord.]
lives <07931> [he dwelleth.]
fills <04390> [he hath.]
wisdom <02451> [wisdom.]
abundantly <02633> [strength.]
safety <03444> [salvation. Heb. salvations. fear.]
ambassadors <0691> [valiant ones. or, messengers. the ambassadors.]
Highways <04546> [highways.]
broken <06565> [he hath broken.]
despised <03988> [he hath despised.]
treated <02803> [he regardeth.]
land <0776> [earth.]
Lebanon <03844> [Lebanon.]
decays <07060> [hewn down. or, withered away. Sharon.]
Bashan <01316> [Bashan.]
rise <06965> [Now will I rise.]
<07426> [now will I be exalted.]
magnify <05375> [will I lift.]
conceive <02029> [conceive.]
breath <07307> [your.]
burned <04955> [the burnings.]
thorn bushes <06975> [thorns.]
listen <08085> [Hear.]
close <07138> [ye that are near.]
Sinners <02400> [sinners.]
godless <02611> [the hypocrites.]
among us can coexist ... destructive .... among us can coexist <01481 0398> [Who among us shall dwell with the.]
unquenchable <05769> [everlasting.]
lives <01980> [that walketh.]
uprightly <06666> [righteously. Heb. in righteousnesses. uprightly. Heb. in uprightnesses. despiseth.]
oppressive <04642> [oppressions. or, deceits. shaketh.]
does not <0331> [stoppeth.]
violent crimes <01818> [blood. Heb. bloods. shutteth.]
live <07931> [shall dwell.]
secure place <04791> [high. Heb. heights, or high places. his place.]
food <03899> [bread.]
<05869> [eyes.]
wide <04801> [that is very far off. Heb. of far distances.]
mind <03820> [heart.]
scribe ............... counts <05608> [Where is the scribe.]
weighs <08254> [receiver. Heb. weigher.]
scribe ............... counts <05608> [where is he.]
[shall not.]
comprehend <06012> [deeper.]
derisive <03932> [stammering. or, ridiculous.]
Look at <02372> [Look.]
city <07151> [the city.]
You <05869> [thine eyes.]
stakes <03489> [not one.]
mighty ................. large <0117> [the glorious.]
it <04725> [a place.]
Rivers ... wide streams <05104 02975 07342> [broad rivers and streams. Heb. broad of spaces, or hands.]
Lord ... ruler ... Lord ..... Lord <08199 03068> [the Lord is our judge.]
commander <02710> [lawgiver. Heb. statute-maker.]
Lord ..... Lord ..... Lord ... king <03068 04428> [the Lord is our king.]
deliver <03467> [he will.]
ropes ... slack <02256 05203> [Thy tacklings are loosed. or, they have forsaken thy tacklings.]
loot <05706> [then.]
lame <06455> [the lame.]
resident ... Zion <07934> [the inhabitant.]
forgiven <05375> [shall be forgiven.]
near ....................... lives <07126 06631> [Come.]
This and the following chapter, as Bp. Lowth observes, form one distinct prophecy; an entire, regular, and beautiful poem, consisting of two parts; the first containing a denunciation of Divine vengeance against the enemies of the people or church of God; the second describing the flourishing state of that church consequent upon those judgments. The event foretold is represented as of the highest importance, and of universal concern; all nations are called upon to attend to the declaration of it; and the wrath of God is denounced against all the nations who had provoked to anger the Defender of the cause of Zion. By a figure frequently occurring in the prophetical writings, the cities and people mentioned here, who were remarkably distinguished as the enemies of the people of God, are put for those enemies in general.
earth <0776> [let the.]
everything <04393> [all that is therein. Heb. the fulness thereof.]
angry <07110> [the indignation.]
furious <02534> [and his.]
slain <02491> [slain.]
hills <02022> [and the mountains.]
stars .................. stars <06635> [all the.]
sword <02719> [my sword.]
Edom <0123> [upon Idumea.]
people <05971> [the people.]
dripping with <04390> [filled.]
[the fast.]
Lord's ................................. Lord ..... sacrifice <03068 02077> [the Lord hath.]
oxen <07214> [unicorns. or, rhinoceroses.]
bulls <06499> [the bullocks.]
drenched <07301> [soaked. or, drunken.]
burn <03518> [shall not.]
smoke <06227> [the smoke.]
Generation ... generation <01755> [from.]
destruction <06893> [cormorant. or, pelican.]
stretch out <05186> [stretch.]
call <07121> [call.]
disappear <0657> [nothing.]
thorns <05518> [thorns.]
<05116> [an habitation.]
ostriches <01323> [owls. or, ostriches. Heb. daughters of the owl.]
Wild animals <06728> [The wild beasts of the desert. Heb. Ziim.]
wild dogs <0338> [the wild beasts of the island. Heb. Ijim.]
nocturnal animals <03917> [screech owl. or, night-monster.]
Carefully <01875> [Seek.]
issued <06310> [my mouth.]
assigns <05307> [he hath cast.]
live <03423> [they shall.]
desert <04057> [wilderness.]
happy <07797> [be.]
wilderness <06160> [desert.]
rejoice <01523> [and rejoice.]
grandeur .............. grandeur <03519> [the glory.]
splendor ............... splendor <01926> [the excellency.]
see <07200> [they shall.]
panic <04116> [fearful. Heb. hasty.]
strong <02388> [Be strong.]
fear .... God ...... divine <03372 0430> [fear not.]
God ...... divine <0430> [behold.]
eyes <05869> [the eyes.]
ears <0241> [the ears.]
lame <06455> [shall the lame.]
tongue <03956> [the tongue.]
desert <04057> [for.]
dry soil <08273> [the parched.]
<05116> [in the.]
grass reeds <07070 02682> [grass with reeds. or, a court for reeds, etc.]
thoroughfare <04547> [an highway.]
Way ......... on ..... reserved <01870> [The way.]
unclean <02931> [the unclean.]
travel <01980> [but it shall be for those. or, for he shall be with them.]
travel <01980> [the wayfaring.]
lions <0738> [No lion.]
delivered from bondage <01350> [but.]
ransomed <06299> [the ransomed.]
enter <0935> [and come.]
grief <03015> [and sorrow.]
fourteenth <0702> [it came.]
Sennacherib <05576> [that Sennacherib.]
sent <07971> [A.M. 3294. B.C. 710. sent.]
conduit <08585> [the conduit.]
Eliakim <0471> [Eliakim.]
Shebna <07644> [Shebna.]
scribe <05608> [scribe. or, secretary.]
said .... Tell <0559> [Thus saith.]
Assyria <0804> [Assyria.]
Assyria proper, now Kourdistan, was bounded by Armenia on the north, Media and Persia on the east, Babylonia on the south, and the Tigris, which divides it from Mesopotamia, on the west, between 33 degrees and 38 degrees N. lat. and 42 degrees and 46 degrees E. long. But the Assyrian empire, the bounds of which were different at different times, in its most flourishing state, according to the descriptions of the Greek and Roman writers, comprehended all the countries and nations between the Mediterranean on the west, and the Indus on the east, and between the deserts of Scythia on the north, and the Indian ocean on the south.
confidence <0986> [What.]
talk <01697 08193> [vain words. Heb. a word of lips. I have counsel and strength for war. or, but counsel and strength are for the war.]
rebel <04775> [that.]
trusting <0982> [We trust.]
high places <01116> [is it not.]
deal <06148> [pledges. or, hostages.]
give <05414> [and I.]
minor <06996> [the least.]
trust <0982> [and put.]
Aramaic <0762> [in the Syrian.]
eat <0398> [that they may.]
called out <07121> [cried.]
Listen <08085> [Hear.]
Send .... token of your submission <06213 01293> [Make an agreement with me by a present. or, Seek my favour by a present. Heb. Make with me a blessing.]
surrender <03318> [come out.]
each ..... eat .... own ........... own <0398 0376> [eat ye.]
come <0935> [I come.]
land ....... land ... grain ...... land <0776 01715> [a land of corn.]
The other copy in 2 Ki 18:32, adds here, "a land of oil olive, and of honey; that ye may live, and not die: and hearken not unto Hezekiah when he seduceth you."
Hezekiah <02396> [lest.]
<0376> [Hath.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
Arpad <0774> [Arphad.]
The variation of Arphad and Arpad exists only in the translation; the original being uniformly ['ArpÆ’d <\\See definition 0774\\>.]
[Arpad.]
Sepharvaim <05617> [Sepharvaim.]
Calmet is of opinion that Sepharvaim was the capital of the Saspires, who, according to Herodotus, were the only people that inhabited between the Colchians and Medes; and probably the Sarapases, whom Strabo places in Armenia. Hiller considers the name as denoting Sephar of the Parvaim, i.e., Mount Sephar adjacent to the regions of Arabia called Parvaim. But it is more probable, as Wells and others suppose, that Sepharvaim is the [Sipphara,] Sipphara, of Ptolemy, the [Sipparenon polis,] the city of the Sippareni, mentioned by Abydenus, and probably the Hipparenum of Pliny, a city of Mesopotamia, situated upon the Euphrates, near where it is divided into two arms, by one of which, it is probable, it was divided into two parts.
rescue <05337> [and have.]
Lord <03068> [that the Lord.]
Eliakim <0471> [Eliakim.]
clothes <0899> [with their.]
The history of the invasion of Sennacherib, observes Bp. Lowth, and the miraculous destruction of his army, which makes the subject of so many of Isaiah's prophecies, is very properly inserted here, as affording the best light to many parts of these prophecies; and as almost necessary to introduce the prophecy in the 37th chapter, being the answer of God to Hezekiah's prayer, which could not be properly understood without it. Sennacherib succeeded his father Shalmaneser on the throne of Assyria, A.M. 3290, B.C. 714, and reigned only about eight years.
King <04428> [it came.]
tore <07167> [he rent.]
went <0935> [and went.]
[his day.]
humiliation <05007> [blasphemy. or, provocation.]
baby <01121> [for the.]
<03068> [It may.]
taunt <02778> [to reproach.]
punish <03198> [and will.]
<05375> [lift up.]
remnant <07611> [for the.]
remains <04672> [left. Heb. found.]
said ............. says <0559> [Thus shall.]
afraid <03372> [Be not.]
cut ... down <05414 05307> [I will.]
mind <07307 05414> [send a blast upon him. or, put a spirit into him. I will cause.]
chief adviser <07262> [Rabshakeh.]
Libnah <03841> [Libnah.]
Lachish <03923> [Lachish.]
heard ................... ordering <08085> [he heard.]
Ethiopia <03568> [Ethiopia.]
Cush, which is generally rendered Ethiopia, is applied in Scripture to at least three distinct and different countries. 1. The country watered by the Gihon or Araxes, (Ge 2:13,) also called Cuth, 2 Ki 17:30. 2. A country of Arabia Petr‘a, bordering upon Egypt, which extended from the northern extremity of the Red sea along its eastern shore. (Comp. Ex 3:1, with Nu 12:1. Hab 3:7.) 3. Ethiopia Proper, an extensive country of Africa, comprehending Nubia and Abyssinia; being bounded on the north by Egypt, on the east by the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and on the south and west by various nations of Africa, and extending from about 6 degrees to 24 degrees N. lat. and 25 degrees to 45 degrees E. long. It is probable that it was this latter Cush, or Ethiopia, of which Tirhakah was king; he being in league with his kinsman Sevechus, son of So, or Sabacon, king of Egypt, against Sennacherib, the king of Assyria.
God <0430> [Let not.]
gods <0430> [the gods.]
Gozan <01470> [Gozan.]
Haran <02771> [Haran.]
Haran, the Carrh‘ of the Greeks and Romans, is situated in the north-west part of Mesopotamia, between the Euphrates and the river Chebar; about 110 miles west of Nisibis, 90 east of Bir, 100 south of Diarbekir, and 170 north of Palmyra.
Eden <05729> [Eden.]
It is probable that this Eden is the country near Diarbekir, on the Tigris, called MÆ’don, according to Asseman.
Telassar <08515> [Telassar.]
Telassar is probably the same as Ellasar, Ge 14:1, as the Jerusalem Targum reads; for both of which the Syriac has Dolassar; and perhaps, as Doederlein supposes, the same as Sharra, a city of Mesopotamia, half a mile from the Euphrates.
[Thelasar.]
Hamath <02574> [Hamath.]
Hena <02012> [Hena.]
Hena is probably the same as Anah, a city of Mesopotamia, situated on an island in the Euphrates.
Ivvah <05755> [Ivah.]
[Ava, Avites.]
took <03947> [received.]
Hezekiah ............ Hezekiah ... up <02396 05927> [and Hezekiah went.]
Lord <03068> [Lord.]
who ... enthroned <03427> [dwellest.]
God ............. God <0430> [thou art.]
made <06213> [thou hast.]
Pay <05186> [Incline.]
hear ........ Listen <08085> [hear.]
kings <04428> [the kings.]
nations .... lands <0776> [nations. Heb. lands.]
burned <05414> [And have.]
burned <05414> [cast. Heb. given. no gods.]
kingdoms <04467> [that all.]
[even.]
prayed <06419> [Whereas.]
virgin <01330> [The virgin.]
daughter .......... Daughter <01323> [the daughter.]
despises <0959> [hath despised.]
shakes <05128> [shaken.]
taunted .............. arrogantly <02778 07311> [Whom hast.]
arrogantly <07311> [against whom.]
Holy One <06918> [the Holy One.]
messengers <05650> [thy servants. Heb. the hand of they servants.]
many <07230> [By the.]
tall cedars ..... evergreens <0730 01265 06967> [tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof. Heb. tallness of the cedars thereof and the choice of the fir trees thereof.]
<03760> [of his Carmel. or, and his fruitful field.]
soles <03709> [with the sole.]
Egypt <04693> [besieged. or, fenced and closed.]
ago <07350> [long ago, etc. or, how I have made it long ago, and formed it of ancient times?]
Should I now bring it to be laid waste, and defenced cities to be ruinous heaps?.
[how I.]
residents <03427> [their inhabitants.]
powerless <03027 07116> [of small power. Heb. short of hand. as the grass of.]
know <03045> [I know.]
live <03427> [abode. or sitting.]
rage <07264> [rage.]
uproar <07600> [tumult.]
I ... put <07760> [will I.]
reminder <0226> [this shall.]
eat .............................. consume <0398> [Ye shall.]
remain ... Judah <06413 01004 03063 07604> [remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah. Heb. escaping of the house of Judah that remaineth.]
root <08328> [take.]
come out <06413> [they that escape. Heb. the escaping. the zeal.]
enter <0935> [He.]
shielded warriors <04043> [shields. Heb. shield. cast.]
shield <01598> [I will.]
servant <05650> [for mine.]
servant <05650> [and for.]
messenger <04397> [the angel.]
got up early <07925> [and when.]
Sennacherib <05576> [Sennacherib.]
Nineveh <05210> [Nineveh.]
god <0430> [his god.]
Ararat <0780> [Armenia. Heb. Ararat.]
Esarhaddon <0634> [Esar-haddon.]
Esar-haddon, called Asar-addinus in the Canon of Ptolemy, was the third son of Sennacherib; and having reigned twenty-nine years over the Assyrians, he took advantage of the anarchy and confusion which followed the death of Mesessimordacus, and seized upon Babylon; which he added to his former empire, and reigned over both for thirteen years; when he was succeeded by his son Saosduchinus, A.M. 3336, B.C. 668.
Hezekiah <02396> [A.M. 3291. B.C. 718. was Hezekiah.]
Isaiah <03470> [And Isaiah.]
instructions .... household <01004 06680> [Set thine house in order. Heb. Give charge concerning thy house.]
illness ............................. die <04191> [for thou.]
turned <05437> [turned.]
Hezekiah's couch was probably placed in a corner, which is the place of honour in the East; in which, turning on either side, he must turn his face to the wall; by which he would withdraw himself from those attending him in his apartment.
Remember <02142> [Remember.]
<01980> [I have.]
wholehearted <08003> [a perfect.]
wept bitterly <01058> [wept.]
<01419> [sore. Heb. with great weeping.]
tell <0559> [and say.]
God <0430> [God.]
heard <08085> [I have heard.]
seen <07200> [I have seen.]
add <03254> [I will.]
make .............. then <07725> [I will bring.]
steps .... stairs ........... steps <04609 08121> [the sun dial. Heb. the degrees by, or, with the sun.]
Or, as the Hebrew might be rendered, "the steps of Ahaz." The researches of curious travellers in Hindostan, observes Bp. Stock, have lately discovered in that country, three observatories of similar form, the most remarkable of which is to be seen within four miles of Delhi, the ancient capital of the Mogul empire. A rectangled triangle, whose hypotenuse is a staircase, (apparently parallel to the axis of the earth,) bisects a zone, or coping of a wall, which wall connects the two terminating towers at right and left. The coping itself is of a circular form, and accurately graduated, to mark, by the gnomon above, the sun's progress before and after noon.
prayer <04385> [writing.]
sick <02470> [he had.]
We have here Hezekiah's thanksgiving song, which he penned by Divine direction, after his recovery. He might have used some of the Psalms of David his father, as he had appointed the Levites to praise the Lord with the words of David, 2 Ch 29:30, but the occasion here was extraordinary. His heart being full of devout affections, he would not confine himself to the compositions he had, though of Divine inspiration, but offered up his praises in his own words. The Lord put a new song into his mouth. He put his thanksgiving into writing, that he might review it himself afterwards, for the reviving of the good impressions made upon him by the providential interference, and that it might be recommended to others also for their use upon the like occasion. # 2Ch 29:30
taken away <01540> [is removed.]
shepherd's <07473> [as a.]
rolled up <07088> [have cut.]
cuts me off <01214> [he will cut.]
loom <01803> [with pining sickness. or, from the thrum.]
lion <0738> [as a lion.]
thrush <05483> [a crane.]
coo <01897> [I did mourn.]
eyes <05869> [mine eyes.]
oppressed <06234> [I am.]
help <06148> [undertake for me. or, ease me.]
say <01696> [What.]
walk slowly <01718> [I shall.]
grief <04751> [in the.]
grief ... experienced ..... benefit <04751 07965> [for peace I had great bitterness. or, on my peace came great bitterness.]
delivered me .... pit <05315 07845 02836> [in love to my soul delivered it from the pit. Heb. loved my soul from the pit.]
removed <07993> [thou hast cast.]
Sheol <07585> [the grave.]
descend <03381> [they that.]
living .... living <02416> [the living.]
father <01> [the father.]
celebrate <05058> [therefore.]
music .... rest ... our <05059> [to the stringed.]
Isaiah <03470> [For Isaiah.]
sign <0226> [What.]
Merodach-Baladan <04757> [A.M. cir. 3292. B.C. cir. 712. Merodach-baladan.]
[Berodach-baladan.]
king <04428> [king.]
letters <07971 05612> [sent letters.]
welcomed <08055> [was glad.]
showed .......................... showed <07200> [shewed.]
storehouse <05238> [precious things. or, spicery.]
armory <03627> [armour. or, jewels. Heb. vessels, or instruments. there was.]
Isaiah .... visited ............... come ...... come <03470 0935> [came Isaiah.]
visited ............... come ...... come <0935> [They are.]
palace .......... palace <01004> [All that.]
Listen <08085> [Hear.]
palace <01004> [that all.]
descendants <01121> [of thy sons.]
eunuchs <05631> [they shall be. Fulfilled.]
appropriate <02896> [Good.]
peace <07965> [For.]
